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ELCT136 “Electronics”

Lab 5: Resonant Filters

Name : Venkatesh Patnana Section : 3

Objective: To gain experience in RLC resonant circuits, basic characteristics, and band-pass and
band-stop filters.

Equipment:
- Multisim software.

Procedures:

Read the complete lab procedure and conclusions before starting.

1. For the Band-reject filter circuit shown in figure 1, use the assigned specifications to your
group from table 1 to perform the following steps.

Figure 1: Passive circuit of Band-reject Filter

2. Calculate the resonant frequency fo.

1
𝑓𝑜 = (1)
2𝜋√𝐿𝐶
3. Calculate the output voltage eout and filter gain G at two different frequencies; fo and f1
where, (f1= fo + 3 kHz), as follows:
i. At frequency fo
𝑅2
𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑓𝑜 ) = 𝑒𝑖𝑛 (2)
𝑅1 +𝑅2

𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑓𝑜 ) 𝑅2
𝐺(𝑓𝑜 ) = = (3)
𝑒𝑖𝑛 𝑅1 +𝑅2

𝐺(𝑓𝑜 ) 𝑑𝐵 = 20 log{𝐺(𝑓𝑜 )} 𝑑𝐵 (4)

ii. At frequency f1

𝑍
𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑓1 ) = 𝑒𝑖𝑛 𝑍𝑜𝑢𝑡 (5)
𝑡𝑜𝑡

𝑍𝑜𝑢𝑡 = √(𝑅2 )2 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 )2 (6)

𝑍𝑡𝑜𝑡 = √(𝑅1 + 𝑅2 )2 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 )2 (7)

1
𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋𝐶 = (8)
2𝜋𝑓𝐶

𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑓1 ) 𝑍𝑜𝑢𝑡

𝐺(𝑓1 ) = = (9)
𝑒𝑖𝑛 𝑍𝑡𝑜𝑡

𝐺(𝑓1 ) 𝑑𝐵 = 20 log{𝐺(𝑓1 )} 𝑑𝐵 (10)

Table 1: Specifications for the circuit given in figure 1

R1 = 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 

R2 = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

L = 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.0 2.0 5.0 mH

C = 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 F

ein = 30 40 50 60 75 90 120 mV

4. Record the calculated values of steps 2 and 3 in table 2.

 Table 2: Calculated parameters of circuit given in Figure 1.

Item Calculated value Item Calculated value

fo 35588.127 Hz 𝑍𝑜𝑢𝑡 14.630 Ω
f1 38588 Hz 𝑍𝑡𝑜𝑡 26.345 Ω
𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑓𝑜 ) 10.9 mV 𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑓1 ) 66.63 mV
𝐺(𝑓𝑜 ) 𝑑𝐵 -20.828 dB 𝐺(𝑓1 ) 𝑑𝐵 -5.109 dB

5. Construct the circuit shown in figure 1 using Multisim.

6. Connect Bode Plotter to measure the magnitude response and oscilloscope to measure the
output waveform of the filter as shown in figure 2.

XBP1

IN OUT

R1

XSC1

R2 Ext Trig
+
_
A B
+ _ + _
Ein C

Figure 2: Connection of bode plotter and oscilloscope to the circuit given in figure 1.

7. Use the bode plotter to display the magnitude response of the filter. On the graph,
determine the resonant frequencyfo, and the gain in dB at the frequencyfo[G(fo)dB] and at
the frequencyf1 [G(f1)dB].
8. Set the frequency of the AC voltage source Ein to fovalue, run the simulation and use the
oscilloscope to measure the peak value of the output eout(fo).
9. Set the frequency of the AC voltage source Ein to f1value, run the simulation and use the
oscilloscope to measure the peak value of the output eout(f1).
10. Record your measured data from steps 7- 9in the second column of table 3,record the
calculated items of table 2 in the first column of table 3, and complete the rest of items of
table 3.

Table 3: Calculated and measured values for the circuit given in figure 1.

Calculated Measured %Error Agree (Y/N)

fo 35588 Hz 35539 Hz 0.13 Y

𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑓𝑜 ) 10.9 mV 11.2 mV 2.75 Y

𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑓1 ) -20.828 dB -20.119 dB 3.40 Y

𝐺(𝑓𝑜 ) 𝑑𝐵 66.63 mV 66.707 mV 0.11 Y

𝐺(𝑓1 ) 𝑑𝐵 -5.109 dB -5.051 dB 1.13 Y

𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

% 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = × 100%
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

Indicate whether there is good agreement between the calculated and measured values
with (Y) for yes or (N) for no under the column labeled Agree. An error of less than 10%
indicates good agreement.

Note: There should be good agreement between the calculated and measured values.
If the agreement is poor, investigate the cause of the poor agreement.

11. On the magnitude response graph of the bode plotter, determine the bandwidth of the
filter circuit given in figure 1 based on the -3dB point criterion.

The Bandwidth (BW) = 8.6 KHz.

12. In the following steps similar analysis will be accomplished to the Band pass filter circuit
shown in figure 3.
13. Use the assigned specifications to your group from table 4 through the following steps.
14. Calculate the resonant frequency fo using equation (1).
15. Calculate the output voltage eout and filter gain G at two different frequencies; foand
f1(f1= fo + 3kHz), as follows:

i. At frequency fo
Using same equations (2), (3), and (4).

ii. At frequencyf1
𝑅
𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑓1 ) = 𝑒𝑖𝑛 𝑍 2 (11)
𝑡𝑜𝑡

Where Ztot, XL, and XC are defined by equations (7) and (8).

𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑓1 ) 𝑅2
𝐺(𝑓1 ) = = (12)
𝑒𝑖𝑛 𝑍𝑡𝑜𝑡

𝐺(𝑓1 ) 𝑑𝐵 = 20 log{𝐺(𝑓1 )} 𝑑𝐵 (13)

Figure 3: Passive circuit of Band-pass Filter

Table 4: Specifications for the circuit given in figure 3.

R1 = 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
R2 = 30 40 50 60 75 90 120 
L = 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 mH
C = 60 50 40 20 15 10 8 F
ein= 30 40 50 60 75 90 120 mV

16. Record the calculated values of steps 14 and 15 in table 5.

 Table 5: Calculated parameters of the Band-pass Filter given in Figure 3.

Item Calculated value Item Calculated value

fo 35588 Hz --------- ---------
f1 38588 Hz 𝒁𝒕𝒐𝒕 26.345 Ω
𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑓𝑜 ) 10.9 mV 𝒆𝒐𝒖𝒕 (𝒇𝟏 ) 8.942 mV
𝐺(𝑓𝑜 ) 𝑑𝐵 -20.828 dB 𝑮(𝒇𝟏 ) 𝒅𝑩 -22.5 dB

17. Construct the circuit shown in figure 3 using Multisim.

18. Connect Bode Plotter to measure the magnitude response and oscilloscope to measure the
output waveform of the filter as shown in figure 4.

XBP2 XSC2

Ext Trig
IN OUT +
_
A B
+ _ + _

C L
R1

Ein R2

Figure 4: Connection of bode plotter and oscilloscope to the circuit given in figure 3.

19. Use the bode plotter to display the magnitude response of the filter. On the graph,
determine the resonant frequency fo, and the gain in dB at the frequency fo[G(fo)dB] and
at the frequencyf1 [G(f1)dB].
20. Set the frequency of the AC voltage source Ein to fovalue, run the simulation and use the
oscilloscope to measure the peak value of the output eout(fo).
 21. Set the frequency of the AC voltage source Ein to f1value, run the simulation and use the
oscilloscope to measure the peak value of the output eout(f1).
22. Record your measured data from steps 19-21 in the second column of table 6,record the
calculated items of table 5 in the first column of table 6, and complete the rest of items of
table 6.

Table 6: Calculated and measured values for the circuit given in figure 3.

Calculated Measured %Error Agree (Y/N)

fo 35588 Hz 35633 Hz 0.1 Y
𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑓𝑜 ) 10.9 mV 10.9 mV 0 Y
𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑓1 ) 8.46 mV 8.942 mV 5.6 Y
𝐺(𝑓𝑜 ) 𝑑𝐵 -20.828 dB -20.859 dB 0.1 Y
𝐺(𝑓1 ) 𝑑𝐵 -22.5 dB -22.3 dB 0.8 Y

23. On the magnitude response graph of the bode plotter, determine the bandwidth of the
filter circuit given in figure 3 based on the -3dB point criterion.

The Bandwidth (BW) = 8.618 KHz.

24. Do not leave the lab until you are sure you understand the requirements and have the data
to complete the work in the Observation and Conclusion sections.

Conclusion:

Please Complete the report (fill blank spaces) and answer all questions.

Please write your calculation in each section, if there is any in this lab report.

Submit the completed lab report with your name and section in D2l.