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Retrofitting

Retrofitting earthquake damaged buildings involves 5 steps: 1) Determining how the building responds to seismic activity, 2) Performing dynamic analysis to identify damage causes, 3) Determining component damage types, 4) Repairing and restoring components to original strength, and 5) Strengthening the building if it cannot withstand expected seismic forces. Repair focuses on restoring functionality, restoration on structural integrity, and strengthening on improving seismic resistance beyond original levels. General terms for improving damaged buildings are repair, restoration, and retrofitting.

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Reeshi Raj Pandey
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62 views4 pages

Retrofitting

Retrofitting earthquake damaged buildings involves 5 steps: 1) Determining how the building responds to seismic activity, 2) Performing dynamic analysis to identify damage causes, 3) Determining component damage types, 4) Repairing and restoring components to original strength, and 5) Strengthening the building if it cannot withstand expected seismic forces. Repair focuses on restoring functionality, restoration on structural integrity, and strengthening on improving seismic resistance beyond original levels. General terms for improving damaged buildings are repair, restoration, and retrofitting.

Uploaded by

Reeshi Raj Pandey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Steps of retrofitting:

1. Determine as accurate as possible how the building


behave when shaken by an
earthquake
check the building
check building material quality
list all component of the building that are damaged
1. Perform a dynamic analysis for the building to get an
idea of the causes of
damage and determine the load paths when shaken by
the earthquake.
2. Determine the causes of damage of components;
caused by shear,
compression, tension, flexure, anchoring, etc.
3. As soon as the type of damage can be identified, repair
and restoration of the
components can be done separately in order that the
original strength of the
components can be restored.
4. If results of analysis indicate that the building with
restored components can
withstand the maximum expected earthquake for that area
based on the latest
code, then there is no need to strengthen.
5. however, if the building with restored components was
not designed or designed
for a lower than the maximum expected earthquake
Specified by the latest code,
then the building needs to be strengthened
For strengthening, the restored building must be re-
analyzed to identify which
component must be strengthening.
For engineered buildings with severe damage and if
the building needs to be
strengthened, 3d non-linear analysis performance based
design should be done.
If cost for strengthening the building to its original
function is not feasible, one
option that can be chosen is to change the building
function with less stringent
requirement, therefore cost will be reduced.
After the strengthening works is completed, the
building must be re-analyzed to
ensure that the strengthened building is earthquake
resistant.
What can we do on earthquake damaged houses.

Every earthquake damage building always need not to be


demolished
• Some of them can be repaired, retrofitted and reused;
[Repair]:
The main purpose is to bring back the architectural shape of the
building so that all services
start working & the functioning of building is resumed quickly.
The actions will include the following:
1) Patching up of defects such as cracks and fall of plaster.
2) Repairing doors, windows, replacement of glass panes.
3) Checking and repairing electric wiring.
4) Checking and repairing gas pipes, water pipes and plumbing
services.
5) Re-building non-structural walls, smoke chimneys, boundary
walls, etc.
6) Re-plastering of walls as required.
7) Rearranging dislocated roofing tiles.
8) Relaying cracked flooring at ground level.
9) Redecoration - whitewashing, painting, etc.

[Restoration]
The main purpose is to carry out structural repairs to load
bearing components to restore its
original strength.
The actions will include the following:
a. Injecting rich mortar, epoxy’s like material, which is strong in
tension, into the cracks
in walls, columns, beams, etc.
b. Addition of reinforcing mesh on both faces of the cracked
wall, holding it to the wall
through spikes or bolts & then covering it suitably.
c. Removal of portions of cracked masonry walls & piers and
rebuilding them in richer
mortar. Use of non-shrinking mortar will be preferable.
d. Remove the damage column or beam, fix the reinforcing, add
reinforcing if needed,
and re-concreting.
So before taking decision the building should be Evaluate
carefully.
The general terms used for the improvement of the damaged
buildings are:

[General Terms]
Guidelines for Repair and Retrofit of earthquake damaged RCC
[Strengthening/Retrofitting]
The main purpose is to make buildings stronger than before.
The actions will include the following:
a. demolish the weakness sources or sources that can make
stress concentration in
several parts:
columns distribution are not symmetric
walls distribution are not symmetric
different stiffness from one to another floors
excessive openings
b. make the building as a unity by tying together all components
of building
c. Avoid brittle failure by re-arranging, adding reinforcing bars,
and make the details in
accordance with ductility requirement.
d. Increasing the lateral strength by adding walls, columns, etc.

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