Week 1 CALC 1024
Week 1 CALC 1024
LEARNING OUTCOMES
• Apply the basic integration formulas in evaluating the indefinite and definite
integrals.
INTEGRAL CALCULUS
Antiderivatives are also known as the Indefinite Integrals. They are the
reverse operation of differentiation wherein the original function being
solved for, given the derivative. A function F(x) is referred to as
antiderivative of f(x) on an interval I when F ′ x = f(x) on all x of the
interval.
INTEGRAL CALCULUS
If F’(x) = f(x) or d(F(x)) = f(x)dx , then the anti-derivative of f(x) is defined as the
indefinite integral of f(x) and is mathematically expressed as
න𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹(𝑥) + 𝑐
• Differentiation (the process of taking the derivative) and integration or anti – differentiation (the
process of finding the integral) are inverse processes. That means that one basically “undoes” the other.
d 3
x = 3x 2
dx
x3
න 3x 2 = 3 + c = x3 + c
3
As a result, we get the original function back with the addition of the arbitrary constant of integration.
T H E F U N DA M E N TA L T H E O R E M O F C A L C U L U S
Thus, the integral of the differential of a function F is equal to the function itself plus an arbitrary
constant C.
𝑥4 𝑥4
1. 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑 4
=
4
+𝐶
1 2𝑥 1
2. 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑 2
𝑒 = 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶
2
1 1
3. cos(5𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑 5
sin(5𝑥) = sin(5𝑥) + 𝐶
5
2 TYPES OF INTEGRAL
Definite Integral - consists of the upper and lower limit, i.e. x = a and x = b
𝑏
න 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹(𝑏) − 𝐹(𝑎)
𝑎
Constant Rule
Final Answer
EXAMPLES
1
4
Problem 2 :(2x +
4 − 3x 4 )dx
x
Apply the following rules:
Constant Rule
Final Answer
EXAMPLES
𝑦 3 −64
Problem 3 : 𝑦 2 +4𝑦+16 𝑑𝑦
The first step is to rewrite the function and simplify it so we can apply the one of the basic
integration formulas.
Determine factors of the numerator in the integrand
Final Answer
EXAMPLES
y3 −2y2 +y−1
Problem 4 :
y2
dy
Constant Rule
Logarithmic Rule
Final Answer
EXAMPLES
Problem 5 : 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3 𝑑𝑥
Express as
Final Answer
Note: To rewrite a radical using a fractional exponent, the power to which the
radicand is raised becomes the numerator and the root becomes the denominator.
EXAMPLES
Problem 6 : x+4
x
dx
Final Answer
EXAMPLES
2x2 +4x−3
Problem 7 : x2
dx
Write as separate fractions
Final Answer
EXAMPLES
2
Problem 8 : 0 6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5 𝑑𝑥
Integrate each term separately
Recall:
Simplify
Final Answer
EXAMPLES
1
Problem 9 : 0 4 + 3 𝑥 − 2𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Express radicals to fractional exponents
Recall:
Final Answer
EXAMPLES
2
Problem 10 : −2 2x − 1 3x + 4 dx
Multiply using FOIL method
Recall:
Final Answer
EXAMPLES
4
Problem 11: 1 x x − 1 dx
Distribute x then rewrite radicals to fractional exponents
Recall:
Problem 11:
2 1 2 1
= (32) − (16) − (1) − (1) Simplify
5 2 5 2
64 2 1
= −8 − −
5 5 2
49
= Final Answer
10
REFERENCES
Printed References
1. Stewart, J. (2019). Calculus concepts and contexts 4th edition enhanced edition. USA :
Cengage Learning, Inc.
2. Canlapan, R.B.(2017). Diwa senior high school series: basic calculus. DIWA Learning
Systems Inc.
3. Hass, J., Weir, M. & Thomas, G. (2016). University calculus early transcendentals,global
edition. Pearson Education, Inc.Larson,
4. Bacani, J.B.,et.al. (2016). Basic calculus for senior high school. Book AtBP. Publishing
Corp.
5. Balmaceda, J.M. (2016). Teaching guide in basic calculus. Commission on Higher
Education.
6. Pelias, J.G. (2016). Basic calculus. Rex Bookstore.
7. Molina, M.F. (2016). Integral calculus. Unlimited Books Library Services & Publishing
Inc.
8. Larson, R & Edwards, B. (2012). Calculus. Pasig City, Philippines. Cengage Learning
Asia Pte Ltd
Electronic Resources
1. Pulham , John. Differential Calculus. Retrieved August 7, 2020 from http://
www.maths.abdn.ac.uk/igc/tch/math1002/dif
2. Weistein, Eric. Differential Calculus. Retrieved August 7, 2020 from
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/differential calculus
3. Thomas , Christopher . Introduction to Differential Calculus. Retrieved August 7, 2020
from http:// www.usyd.edu.aav/stuserv/document/maths_learning-center
4. Purplemath. Retrieved August 7, 2020 from http://www.purplemath.com/modules/