String

3 concept
 1st
Difference b/w

String s1 = new String("manshu");

String s2 = "manshu";
 String object

String s1= new String ("manshu");

Heap SCP
In this case two objects will be created one is in the
heap
s1-->manshu manshu
other one is in SCP(String constant pool) and

s1 is always pointing to heap object.

String literal

String s2 = "manshu";
Heap SCP

In this case only one object

will be created in SCP s2-> manshu
and
s is always
referring that object.

 most imp difference

conclusion
Whenever we are using new operator compulsory a
new object will be created on the
Heap .

In heap in SCP
There may be a chance of existing two objects with
Duplicates are Duplicate
s are
same content on the heap allowed not allow
ed

but

there is no chance of existing two objects with same

content on SCP .
 Goals

Heap
String s1= new String ("manshu");
String s2 = new String ("manshu"); SCP
String s3 = new String ("manshu"); s1-->manshu
String s4 = new String ("manshu"); s2-->manshu
s3-->manshu manshu
String s5 = new String ("manshu");
s4-->manshu
s5-->manshu
 Goals conclusion

String s1 = new String("shivam"); In heap

in SCP
String s2 = new String ("shivam");

String s3 = "shivam"; s1--> shivam

shivam
s2--> shivam
String s4 = "shivam";
s3
s4
 2nd

== vs equal()
in String class
String s1 = new String("manshu");
String s2 = new String("manshu");
Heap
String s3 = new String("shivam");

SCP

String s4 = "manshu";

s1-->manshu s4->

manshu
String s5 = "manshu"; s2-->manshu
s3 --> shivam
s5->

s6-> shivam
String s6 = "shivam"

String s1 = new String("manshu");

String s2 = new String("manshu");

no
s1 == s2 ? because both are in heap and
refering to different object Heap
SCP

s1-->manshu s4->
s5-> manshu
s2-->manshu

yes s3 --> shivam

s6-> shivam
s1.equal(s2) because both content are same

String s1 = new String("manshu");

String s4 = "manshu";"

no
because s1 is in heap pointing to
s1 == s4 ? different than that of s4 which is
Heap

SCP

in scp s1-->manshu s4->

s5-> manshu
s2-->manshu

s3 --> shivam
s6-> shivam

s1.equal(s4) yes
because both content are same
String s4 = "manshu";
String s5 = "manshu";

Heap
yes

SCP

because both s4 and s5 are in

s4 == s5 ? SCP and in SCP duplicate are s1-->manshu

s2-->manshu
s4->
s5-> manshu

not allowed thus both are s3 --> shivam

s6-> shivam
pointing to same object

 3rd

Immutability
String can not change

same like

what you have written with

pen that can't be change
Once we create a String object we can't perform any
changes in the existing object.

If we are try to perform any changes

with those changes
a new object will be created.

This behavior is called

immutability of the String object.
For every String Constant one object will be
created in SCP.

Because of runtime
operation if an object is required to create
compulsory that object should be placed on
the heap but not SCP.
 String s=new String("manshu");
s.concat(" shivam");
System.out.println(s);//manshu

Heap

SCP

s-->manshu manshu

(no reference) manshu shivam shivam

 String s= "manshu";
s.concat(" shivam");
System.out.println(s);//manshu

Heap SCP

s -> manshu
(no reference) manshu shivam

shivam
String s1 = new String ("manshu")
String s2 = s1.toUpperCase();
String s3= s1.toLowerCase();

System.out.println(s1 == s2);
System.out.println( s1 ==s3);

what will be output ?? -->

 Note -

most valuable concept Because runtime operation

ifthere is a change in content

with those changes a new object will be created only
on the heap but not in SCP.

If there is no change in wrt current content(object)

no new object will be created
the same object will be reused.
This rule is same whether object present on the Heap
or SCP
 String s1 = new String ("manshu")
String s2 = s1.toUpperCase();
String s3= s1.toLowerCase();

System.out.println(s1 == s2); // false

System.out.println( s1 ==s3); // true but why ?
solution
Heap

SCP
s1 --> manshu

(no reference)
manshu
s2 -->MANSHU

String s3 = s1.toLowerCase(); --> wtr s1, s3 content is same

Heap

SCP

s1 --> manshu
s3-->
manshu

s2 -->MANSHU

 String s1 = new String ("manshu")

String s2 = s1.toUpperCase();

String s4 = s2.toLowerCase();

;
System.out.println( s1==s4); //false why ?
solution
Heap

SCP
s1 --> manshu

(no reference)
manshu
s2 -->MANSHU

String s4 = s2toLowerCase(); --> wtr s2, s4 has different content

Heap

SCP
s1 --> manshu

manshu

s2 -->MANSHU

s4 --> manshu

Follow for such content

 disclaimer :-
this slide does not make any
sence here

in Hindi String is called "dhaga"

and Kabir explains immutability concept like

रहिमन धागा प्रेम का, मत तोड़ो चटकाय।

टूटे से फिर ना जुड़े, जुड़े गाँठ परि जाय॥

string can not change

if you change new object will be created