COHO + MELC QUAWS

Course Outline & Hand-outs LEARNING WORKSHEET No. _7_

paired with MELC- Based Quality in General Mathematics
Assured Learner’s Worksheet

Name: _________________________________ Grade & Section: _________________________

Teacher: _______________________________ Date Submitted: __________________________

MELC: The learner solves logarithmic equations and inequalities (M11GM-Ih-i-1)

Objectives:
 solve logarithmic equations
 solve logarithmic inequalities

Lesson/Topic: Solving Logarithmic Equations and inequalities

Quarter No. _1_ Week No. _7_ Day: _1_

Reference/Source: General Mathematics TG pp. 133-143; General Mathematics LM pp. 111-124

BASIC PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS

LET’S Example Problem Solution Property Used
RECALL a. log 10 1
Property 2
log 10=log 10 10 =1
!
b. ln e 3 3 3
ln e =log e e =3 Property 2
c. log 4 64 3
log 4 64=log 4 4 =3 Property 2

d. log 5 ( )
1
125 ( )
log 5
1
125
=log 5 5−3 =−3
Property 2

e. 5log 2
5 log 5 2
5 =2 Property 3
f. log 1=0 log 1=0 Property 1

SOLVING LOGARITHMIC EQUATIONS

Techniques: Some strategies for solving logarithmic equations:
1. Rewriting to exponential form;
2. Using logarithmic properties;
3. Applying the one-to-one property of logarithmic functions;
4. The Zero Factor Property: If ab=0 , then a=0 or b=0

Example 1. Solve the following logarithmic equations to find the value of x .

a. log 4 (2 x )=log 4 10 b. log 3 ( 2 x−1 )=2

Solution: Solution:
log 4 (2 x )=log 4 10 log 3 ( 2 x−1 )=2
2 x=10 (one-to-one property) 2 x−1=3
2
(changing into exponential form)
x=5 2 x−1=9
Check: 5 is a solution since 2 x=10

1
log 4 (2 ∙ 5 )=log 4 (10) is defined. x=5
Check: 5 is a solution since
log 3 [ 2 (5 )−1 ] ¿ log 3 (9) is defined.

c. log 10 x 2=2
Solution:
log 10 x 2=2
2 2
x =10 (changing into exponential form)
2
x =100
2
x −100=0
( x +10 ) ( x −10 )=0
x=−10 , 10
Check: Both are solutions since log(−10)2 and log( 10)2 are defined.
SOLVING LOGARITHMIC INEQUALITIES
Example 1. Solve the logarithmic inequality log 3 ( 2 x−1 )> log 3 (x +2)
Solution:
Step 1 2 x−1>0 x +2>0
Ensure that the 2 x>1 x >−2
logarithms are defined 1
x>
2
1
Therefore, the answer should be greater than and −2
2
Step 2 log 3 ( 2 x−1 )> log 3 (x +2)
Ensure that the 2 x−1> x+ 2
inequality is satisfied x >3 (subtract x from both sides; add 1 to both sides)
∴ x>3
Hence, the solution is (3 ,+ ∞)

Activity No. 1: LOG IN TO FIND ME

Directions: Solve the following logarithmic equations and inequalities to find the value of x .

1. log 3 ( 5 x )=log 3 25 2. log 2 ( 5 x−2 )=3

2
3. log 5 x =2 4. log 2 ( 5 x+5 )> log 2 ( x+ 3)

Step 1
Ensure that the
logarithms are
defined

Step 2
Ensure that the
inequality is
satisfied

2
 5. log 5 ( 2 x+1 ) > log 5 ( x+2)

Step 1
Ensure that the
logarithms are
defined

Step 2
Ensure that the
inequality is
satisfied

MELC: The learner represents a logarithmic function through its: (a) table of values, (b) graph, and (c) equation.
(M11GM-Ii-2)

Objective:
 Represent a logarithmic function through its: (a) table of values
 Represent a logarithmic function through its: (b) graph
 Represent a logarithmic function through its: (c) equation

Lesson/Topic: Representing Logarithmic Function

Quarter No. _1_ Week No. _7_ Day: _2_

Reference/Source: General Mathematics TG pp. 143-152 ; General Mathematics LM pp. 124-133

LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION AS TABLE OF VALUES, GRAPHS AND EQUATION

Example 1. Sketch the graph of y=log 2 x

Solution:

STEP
Construct a table of values for the given function.
1
1 1 1 1
x 1 2 4 8
16 8 4 2
y −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3

STEP Plot the points found in the table, and connect them using a smooth curve.

3
 2

Example 2. Sketch the graph of y=2 log 2 x .

Solution:
The graph of y=2 log 2 x can be obtained from the graph of y=log 2 x by multiplying each y -
coordinate by 2, as the following table of values below:

STEP
1
Construct a table of values for the given function.

4
 1 1 1 1
x 1 2 4 8
16 8 4 2
log 2 x −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3

2 log 2 x −8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6

STEP
2
Plot the points found in the table, and connect them using a smooth curve.

Activity No. 1: SOLVE and SKETCH!

Directions: Graph the following logarithmic functions.
1. Sketch the graph of y=log 1 x .
2

STEP Construct a table of values for the given function.

1

5
 1 1 1 1
x 1 2 4 8
16 8 4 2
y

STEP
2
Plot the points found in the table, and connect them using a smooth curve.

2. Sketch the graph of y=3 log 2 x

STEP Construct a table of values for the given function.

6
 1

1 1 1 1
x 1 2 4 8
16 8 4 2
log 2 x

3 log 2 x

STEP
2
Plot the points found in the table, and connect them using a smooth curve.

7
MELC: The learner finds the domain and range of a logarithmic function .(M11GM-Ii-3)

Objective:
 Find the domain of a logarithmic function
 Find the range of a logarithmic function

Lesson/Topic: Finding the Domain and Range of a Logarithmic Function

Quarter No. _1_ Week No. _7_ Day: _3_

Reference/Source: General Mathematics TG pp. 143-152 ; General Mathematics LM pp. 124-133

DOMAIN AND RANGE OF LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION

TAKE Properties of Logarithmic Functions
NOTE!
The DOMAIN is the set of all positive numbers, or { x ∈ R|x >0 }
The RANGE is the set of all positive real numbers, or { y| y ∈ R }

Example 1. Find the domain and range of y=log 4 (2 x−4)

Solution:
y=log 4 (2 x−4)
( 2 x−4 ) >0 (set up an inequality showing an argument GREATER THAN zero)
2 x> 4 (add both sides by 4)
x >2 (divide both sides by 2)
Domain: { x ∈ R|x >2 }
Range: { y| y ∈ R }

Activity No. 1: Finding “X”, but “Y”?

Directions: Find the domain and range of the following logarithmic functions.
1. y=log 5 ( x−3 )
Domain: __________________
Range: __________________

2. y=log (2 x−3 )
Domain: __________________
Range: __________________

3. y=log 2 x
Domain: __________________
Range: __________________

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 4. y=log 3 ( 5 x +5 )
Domain: __________________
Range: __________________

5. y=log (2 x−12 )

Domain: __________________
Range: __________________

MELC: The learner determines the intercepts, zeroes, and asymptotes of logarithmic functions.
(M11GM-Ii-4)

Objectives:
 determine the intercepts, zeros and asymptotes of logarithmic functions.

Lesson/Topic: Determining the Intercepts, Zeros, and Asymptotes of Logarithmic Functions

Quarter No. _1_ Week No. _7_ Day: _4_

Reference/Source: General Mathematics TG pp. 143-152 ; General Mathematics LM pp. 124-133

INTERCEPTS, ZEROES and ASYMPTOTES OF LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

JOT Properties of Logarithmic Functions

DOWN! The X-INTERCEPT are also called roots, solutions, and zeros of a function.
The X-INTERCEPT is 1. There is no y-intercept.
The VERTICAL ASYMPTOTE is the line x=0 (or the y-axis). There is no horizontal
asymptote.

Example 1. Determine the intercept and zeros of y=log (2 x+3)

Solution: y=log (2 x+3)
0=log (2 x +3) let y=0; log x is the same as log 10 x
0
10 =2 x +3 change from logarithmic to exponential function
1=2 x +3 since100 =1 ; any number with exponent 0 is equal to 1
2 x=1−3 Addition Property of Equality
2 x=−2 dividing both sides by 2
x=−1
X-intercept: (−1,0)
Zero: −1
Example 2. Determine the vertical asymptote of the graph of y=log (3 x−2)
Solution: y=log (3 x−2) ( 3 x−2 )=0 (set up the argument (3 x−2) EQUAL to zero)
3 x=2

9
 2 2
x= Vertical Asymptote: x=
3 3

Activity No. 1: EQUATING ME TO ZERO CORRECTLY!

Directions: Determine the intercept, zeros, and asymptotes of the following logarithmic functions.
1. y=log (x−1) 3. y=log ( x +3 )

Vertical Asymptote: _________

4. y=log ( 6 x −24 )
Day 3
X-intercept: _______ Activity No. 1: Finding “X” but “Y”?
Zero: _____________
1.y=log 5 ( x−3 )
Answer: x >3
2. y=log 2 ( x¿ ¿2) ¿
Domain: { x ∈ R|x >3 }
Vertical Range:
Asymptote:{ y| y_________
∈ R}
2. y=log (2 x−3 )
5. y=log (3 x+ 21) 3
Answer: x >
2

{ | }
Domain: x ∈ R x>
3
2
Range: { y| y ∈ R }
3. y=log 2 x
X-intercept: _______ Answer: x >0
Zero: _____________ Vertical Asymptote: _________
Domain: { x ∈ R|x >0 }
Answer Key:
Range: { y| y ∈ R }
Day 1 4. y=log 3 ( 5 x +5 )
Activity No. 1: LOG IN TO FIND ME
Answer: x >−1
1. x ¿ 5
Domain: { x ∈ R|x >−1 }
2. x ¿ 2
3. x ¿ 5 ,−5
Range: { y| y ∈ R }
4. 5. y=log (2 x−12 )
Answer: x >6
Step 1 x ¿−1 ;x ¿−3 Domain: { x ∈ R|x >6 }
Step 2 −1 Range: { y| y ∈ R }
∴ x>
2
Hence, the solution is
−1
( ,+ ∞)
2 Day 4
5. Activity No. 1: EQUATING ME TO ZERO
CORRECTLY!
Step 1 1 1. y=log ( x−1)
x ¿− ; x ¿−2
2 Answer: x=0
X-intercept: (1,0)
Day 2
Activity No. 1: SOLVE and SKETCH! Zero: 0
y=log 1 x 2. y=log 2 ( x¿ ¿2)¿
1. Sketch the graph of
2 Answer: x=± 1

STEP X-intercept: ( 1,0 ) ,(−1,0)

1 Zero: 1 ,−1
1 1 1 1
x 1 2 4 8 3. y=log ( x +3 )
16 8 4 2
Answer: x=−3
y 4 3 2 1 0 −1 −2 −3
Vertical Asymptote: x=−3
STEP
2 10 4. y=log ( 6 x −24 )
Answer: x=4
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