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First Cells

1. Cells first evolved as prokaryotic cells without membrane-bound organelles. Through evolution, eukaryotic cells developed organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and more. 2. Phagocytosis is the process where phagocytes, like amoebas and white blood cells, ingest or release other cells or particles. 3. Prokaryotes like bacteria are single-celled organisms without a nucleus. They have a single long molecule of DNA that controls cell functions.

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Michal Zimovčák
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30 views2 pages

First Cells

1. Cells first evolved as prokaryotic cells without membrane-bound organelles. Through evolution, eukaryotic cells developed organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and more. 2. Phagocytosis is the process where phagocytes, like amoebas and white blood cells, ingest or release other cells or particles. 3. Prokaryotes like bacteria are single-celled organisms without a nucleus. They have a single long molecule of DNA that controls cell functions.

Uploaded by

Michal Zimovčák
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1 First cells, later through evolution eukaryotic cells

● No membrane organelles
● They form unicellular organisms
● Bacteria, archaea (archeóny), blue green algae (sinice)
● Smaller, older and simpler
● -Cell wall, cytoplasm ,cytoplasmatic membrane , nucleus,
plasmids,ribosome inclusions, thylakoids

2 Phagocytosis – ingest or release other cells or particles – phagoscytes ingest or


release other cells or solid perticles. Phagocyte may be free-living one-celled
organism such as a an amoeba or one of the body cells such as a white blood cell

3 PROKARYOTIC- Not true nucleus, long molecule of DNA,Control centre, contains


DNA 1long molecule of DNA

4 BACTERIA: Unicellular,Prokaryotic cellCause diseases, help us digest food, can


dissolve oil,Flagella – help with movement

PROTISTS: 2-3mm,Unicellular,Eukaryotic cell,Heterotrophs,Water, soil,moss,parasites


(can cause disease) On top – pellicle,Shells, flagella, cilia, pseudopoda, undulating
Membrane Contracting vacuole,Specialized digestion – cytosome, gullet,digestive
vacuole, cytopyge,Sexual and asexual reproduction
Phylums:
● Sarcomastigophora (meňavkobičíkovce)
● Apicomplexa (výtrusovce)
● Cilliophora (nálevníky)
Species: Amoeba,Paramecium,Giardia

5 Viruses, Bacteria, Archea , Funghi Protists

6 Non-living organism – no metabolism of their own, no reproduction


orgrowth,Smallest disease-causing structure,5-300 nm,Virology,Need energy –
infecting other organisms
Stages of infection: Attachment,Penetration,Replication,Releasing
Diseases: small pox, HIV later AIDS
7
Plant cell Animal cell
Cell wall No cell wall
plastids No plastids
vacuole No vacuole (some protisds do)
Usually no lysosomes lysosomes
Fixed shape (more or less) Irregular shape

8 Interconnected sacs
Smooth without ribosomes production of lipids vitD
Rought ER ribosomes are attachedon the membranes- protein production transport
of CA2+
9 EUKARYOTIC PROKARYOTIC
● Lipids and proteins o Only membrane structure
● Selectively permeable o Phospholipid bilayer
● Function – regulates flow of o Selectively permeable
substances, can o Transport, respiration,
● receive signals photosynthesis
● Pseudopodia
(phagocytosis), microvilli
● (intestine)
● Phagocytosis – ingest or
release other cells or
particles
10
Plasmid : Small circles of DNA, Exchange of DNA between cells
Flagellum: prokaryotic cells use it for movement
Cellulose: Cellulose is a molecule, consisting of hundreds – and sometimes even
thousands – of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Cellulose is the main
substance in the walls of plant cells
Matrix s the material in between a eukaryotic organism's cells.
Anaerobic cell does not need oxygen
Autothrops An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own food using light,
water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals
Pellicle. a thin layer supporting the cell membrane
Endoparasite Endoparasites are parasites that live in the tissues and organs of their
hosts,
Sexual reproduction: sexual and asexual reproduction. In sexual reproduction, an
organism combines the genetic information from each of its parents and is
genetically unique. In asexual reproduction, one parent copies itself to form a
genetically identical offspring.

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