Chapter 6

Rizal’s Secret Mission

• Rizal’s secret mission
(with the blessing of
Paciano)was to observe
keenly the life and
culture, languages and
customs,industries and
commerce, governments
and laws of European
nations
1. life and culture
2. languages and customs
3. industries and commerce
4. governments and laws of the European
nations.
 Secret Departure for Spain
• He used the name Jose Mercado, a cousin from Binan.

• May 3, 1882- Rizal departed on board the Spanish steamer

SALVADORA bound for Singapore.

• Rizal’s departure for Spain was kept secret to avoid

detection by the Spanish authorities and the friars. Even his
own parents did not know because he knew they, especially
his mother, would not allow him to go.
SALVADORA
 Secret departure for Spain
• Only his older brother (Paciano),
his uncle (Antonio Rivera father of
Leonor Rivera), his sisters (
Neneng and Lucia), the Valenzuela
Family ( Capitan Juan and
Capitana Sanday and their daughter
Orang), Pedro A. Paterno, his
compadre Mateo Evangelista, and
Ateneo Jesuits fathers and some
intimate friends, including
Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio).
 Singapore
• Donato Lecha- the ship • May 9, 1882- the
captain from Asturias, Salvadora docked at
Spain. Singapore. Rizal landed
• May 8, 1882- while the and registered at HOTEL
steamer was approaching DE LA PAZ, and spent
Singapore, Rizal saw a two days on a sightseeing
beautiful island.
Fascinated by its scenic soiree of the city, which
beauty, he remembered was a colony of England.
“Talim Island with the
Susong Dalaga”.
•
 Singapore to Colombo
• Rizal transferres into another ship Djemnah,a french steamer
which left Singapore for Europe on May 11. it was a larger,
cleaner vessel which carried more passengers. Among these
passengers were British, French, Dutch, Spaniards, Malays,
Siamese, and Filipinos ( Mr. and Mrs. Salazar, Mr. Vicente
Pardo, and Jose Rizal).
• May 17- the Djemnah reached Point Galle, a seacoast town in
Southern Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).
• The following day the djemnah weighed anchor and resumed
the voyage towards Colombo the capital of Ceylon. After a few
hours of sailing, she reached this city on the same day.
DJEMNAH
COLOMBO
• The steamer crossed the Indian Ocean to
Cafe Guardafui in Africa. The trip was
difficult because of a stormy weather. Rizal
was sea sick
 Suez Canal
• From Colombo, the
Djemnah continued the voyage
crossing the Indian Ocean to
the Cape of Guardafui, Africa.

• At the next stop over- in Aden-

Rizal went ashore to see the
sights. He found the city
hotter than Manila.
 First Trip to Suez Canal
• From Aden, the Djemnah proceeded to the city of the
of Suez, the Red Sea terminal of the Suez Canal. Upon
arrival at Suez, Rizal disembarked and went
sightseeing, like an ordinary tourist.
• It took the Djemnah five days to transverse the Suez
Canal. Rizal was thrilled because it was his first trip
through this canal which was built by Ferdinand de
Lesseps (French diplomat engineer). It was
inaugurated on November 17, 1869. at Fort Said, the
Mediterranean terminal of the Suez canal, Rizal
landed to hear the multi-racial inhabitants speaking a
babel of tongues- Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, French,
Italian, Spanish, etc.
Naples and Marseilles
• Rizal Reached Naples on
June 11
• He was fascinated with Mt.
Vesuvius, Castle of St.
Telmo,and other historic
sights
• Disembarked on Marseilles
on night of June 12
• Visited famous Chateu d’lf
• From alexander dumas’ The
Count of Monte Cristo
 Barcelona
• Rizal arrived in Barcelona
by June 16, 1882
• Has first impression of
being unfavorable
• Later Rizal found
Barcelona to be a great
city. With an atmoshpere
of freedom and liberalism,
and its people were open-
hearted, hospitable and
courageous.
• In Barcelona, Rizal wrote a nationalistic essay
entitled “Amor Patrio” (Love of Country).
• He wrote this essay on the request of his friend,
Basilio Teodoro Moran, publisher of the first
bilingual newspaper in Manila, the Diariong
Tagalog on August 20, 1882. (Spanish and
Tagalog)
• He wrote this essay using the pen name Laong
Laan.
• The essay caused quite a stir among the readers in
the Philippines.
 From Manila to Madrid
• Rizal received a sad news about the cholera that
was ravaging Manila and the provinces.
• On a letter he received from Paciano dated
September 15, 1882, the Calamba folks were
having afternoon novenas and nocturnal
procession, praying to God to stop the dreadful
epidemic
• Another sad news he received was from
Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio) telling how Leonor
Rivera was getting thinner because of the
absence of a love one
 Life in Madrid
• Upon Paciano’s advise, Rizal left Barcelona in the fall
of 1882 and established himself in Madrid, the capital
of Spain.
• At Madrid he enrolled at the Universidad Central de
Madrid (Central University of Madrid) on November 3,
1882
• There he took two courses: Medicine and Philosophy
and Letters.
• Aside from his studies, Rizal also took painting and
sculpture at the Academy of Fine Arts of
San Fernando
 Life in Madrid
• Lessons in fencing, at the schools
of Sanzan Carbonel
• Lived frugally and led a spartan life
• Stated that only extravagance was investing a few
pesitas for a lottery ticket in every draw of Madrid
Lottery
• Attends reunions at the Paterno Brother’s house
• On Saturday evenings, he visited the home of
Pablo Ortega y Rey who lived with his Son Rafael
and Daughter Consuelo
 Consuelo Ortega y Perez
• During Rizal’s stay in Madrid, he would
frequently visit the home of Don Pablo Ortiga y
Rey who lived with his son Rafael and daughter
Consuelo.
• Don Pablo was a former city mayor of Manila
during the administration of the liberal governor
general Carlos Ma. De la Torre.
• Rizal was attracted by Consuelo’s beauty. As he
made a poem entitled A La Senorita C.O. y P. to
express his admiration for her.
• Rizal, however, backed out from
his romance with Consuelo
because
• (1) he was still engaged with
Leonor Rivera and
• (2) his friend and co-worker in the
Propaganda Movement, Eduardo
de Lete was madly in love with
Consuelo.
 Romance with
Consuelo Ortega y Rey
• In 1882, shortly after his arrival in Madrid, Rizal
joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino (Hispano-
Philippine Circle), a society of Spaniards and
Filipinos.
• Upon request of the members of the society, he
wrote a poem entitled Me Piden Versos (They
Asked Me for Verses). In this sad poem, he poured
out the cry of his agonizing heart, as follows;
Rizal as a Lover of Books
• Favorite pastime in
Madrid
• Purchased books from
second hand book-
stores
 Amongst Rizal’s collection of
books are:
• Bible
• Hebrew Grammar
• Lives of the Presidents of the U.S.
Complete Works of Voltaire
• Complete Works of Horace
• Complete Works of C. Bernard History of
the French Revolution
• The Wandering Jew
• Ancient Poetry
 Paris,France
• Rizal’s first summer June
17-august 20,1883
• Enamored with Paris with
boulevards and sights
• Mistaken as a Japanese by
the Parisians
• Quotes Paris “Costliest
Capital in Europe”
As a Mason
• Rizal was impressed
by the way Spanish
Masons openly and
freely critized the
government
policies,which could
not be done with the
Philippines that time
• Joined Acacia
 Financial Worries
• Harvest of rice and • The Hacienda
sugarcane failed manager was enraged
because of locust and when he was once
drought refused for a turkey
and increased the
• Increased rentals on lease.
haciendas • Rizal’s allowance
• A dreadful pest that were late in arrival or
killed almost all of the sometimes they never
turkeys arrived
 Financial Worries
• June 24, 1884:
• Because he was broke,he was unable to have any
breakfast,attended class at university participated
in contest in Greek Language and won gold medal
• In evening of same day,he was able to eat for he
was a guest speaker in a baquet held in honor of
Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo at
Resturant Ingles,Madrid
 Salute to Luna and Hidalgo
• National Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid - 1884
• The Filipino community in Spain sponsored a
banquet to celebrate the double victory of the
Filipino artist in the National Exposition of Fine
Arts in Madrid.
• Juan Luna, with his Spoliarium won the first
prize.
• Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo won the second prize
with his Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace
Spoliarium
Christian Virgins Exposed to the
Populace
 Salute to Luna and Hidalgo
• Rizal in his speech, saluted Luna and Hidalgo
as two glories for Spain and the Philippines,
whose artistic achievements transcended
geographical frontiers and racial origins.
• In Rizal’s speech, he said genius is universal.
“Genius knows no country, genius sprouts
everwhere, genius is like light, air, the
patrimony of everybody, cosmopolitan like
space, like life, like God.”
 Student Demonstrations
• November 20-22,1884 a
riot was held by the
students of Central
University
• the address of Dr. Miguel
Morayta, a professor of
history caused his
dismissal which led to a
violent demonstrations
 Student Demonstration
• November 20,1884: • November 22,1884:
• “viva Morayta! Down • Police occupied the
university
with Bishops!”
• Rizal had to go under
• “down with Creus!” disguise
newly appointed rector • He swore never to return
Chaos ensued to the university
• Until their satisfaction and
the old rector was
reinstituted
 Student Demonstration
• Becomes a sensational
controversy,where papers,except
ministry are in the students favor,
a rich banker even gives ten
thousand duros to the ex-rector to
bail students and professors
 Studies completed in Spain.
• The academic year 1884-1885 Rizal passed all
subjects leading to the degree of Doctor of
Medicine.
• Rizal completed his medical course in Spain.
He was awarded the Degree of Licentiate in
Medicine by the Universidad Central de
Madrid on June 21, 1884.
 Studies completed in Spain.
• The next academic year (1884-85) he
studied and passed all subjects leading to
the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.
However, he was not awarded his Doctors
Diploma because he did not present his
thesis nor paid the corresponding fees
• Rizal also finished his studies in
Philosophy and Letters and was awarded
the degree on June 19, 1885, his 24th
birthday as Sobresaliente.
 Studies completed in Spain.
• By obtaining a degree in Philosophy and
Letters, Rizal became qualified to be a
professor of humanities in any Spanish
university.
• He did not bother to secure the post-
graduate degree of Doctor of Medicine
because it was also good only for teaching.
 Studies completed in Spain.
• Rizal knew, however, that with his brown
color and Asian racial ancestry no friar-
owned university or college in the
Philippines would accept him in its faculty
staff.
Paris to Berlin
 Rizal went to
Paris and Germany
in order to specialize in
OPHTHALMOLOGY
2
Why OPHTHALMOLOGY?

Rizal chose this branch

because he wanted to
cure his mother’s eye ailment
3
In Gay Paris (1885-1886)
▣ Stopped at Barcelona to visit
Maximo Viola
(a medical student and a member of a
rich family in San Miguel, Bulacan)
4
November 1885
▣ Lived and stayed in Paris for about 4 months
▣ Worked as an assistant to:
Dr. Louis de Weckert - leading French
ophthalmologist, from November 1885 to
February 1886. 5
November 1885
Outside his working hours, he visited his friends, such as:
 Family of Pardo de Taveras (Trinidad, Felix and Paz)
● Paz Pardo de Taveras
- pretty girl engaged to Juan Luna
- On the album of this girl, Rizal drew a series of sketches
on the Story of “The Monkey and the Turtle.”
● Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo
● Juan Luna
6
Friendship with Juan Luna

Rizal helped Luna by posing as model in several paintings:

● The Death of Cleopatra as Egyptian Priest
● The Blood Compact as Sikatuna
- with Trinidad Pardo de Tavera as Legaspi

7
8
In Historic Heidelberg (Germany)

■ became a member in Chess Player’s Club

■ worked at University Eye Hospital under the direction of Dr. Otto

Becker
■ attended lectures of:

○ Dr. Otto Becker and Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne

○ During week-ends, Rizal visited the scenic spots around

Heidelberg.

9
With Pastor Ullmer at Wilhelmsfeld

■ Rizal spent a three-month summer vacation at

Wilhelmsfeld where he stayed at the place of a
Protestant pastor, Dr. Karl Ullmer.
■ The pastor has a wife and two children named Etta
and Fritz.

10
First Letter to Blumentritt
■ Ferdinand Blumentritt
- Best friend of Rizal
- Director of the Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria.
- Austrian ethnologist and he has an interest in the
Philippine language.
■ Rizal sent Aritmetica (Arithmetic) book to Blumentritt
which was published in 2 languages – Spanish and
Tagalog – by the University of Santo Tomas Press in
1868. The author was Rufino Baltazar Hernandez.
11
In Leipzig and Dresden (Germany)

■ August 14, 1886 – Rizal arrived in Leipzig

- attended some lectures at the University of Leipzig on history

and psychology.
- found out that the cost of living in Leipzig was the cheapest in
Europe so he stayed for 2 and a half months.

12
In Leipzig and Dresden
■ Befriended:
○ Prof. Friedrich Ratzel (Famous German Historian)
○ Dr. Hans Meyer (German Anthropologist)

■ October 29, 1886 – Rizal went to Dresden

○ Dr. Adolph B. Meyer (Director of the Anthropological and
Ethnological Museum) he stayed two days in the City.
13
Rizal Welcomed in Berlin’s Scientific Circles (Germany)
Rizal was enchanted by Berlin because of its
scientific atmosphere and the absence of race
prejudice.

Became a member of the Anthropological Society,

Ethnological Society, and Geographical Society of
Berlin

1st Asian to be recognized by Europe’s scientists

14
Rizal Welcomed in Berlin’s Scientific Circles

Some scientists Rizal met are:

● Dr. Feodor Jagor - German Anthropologist
● Dr. Rudolf Virchow - famous German Anthropologist
o Dr. Hans Virchow - prof of Descriptive Anatomy
● Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger – famous German
ophthalmologist
15
Rizal’s Life in Berlin
5 Reasons why Rizal stayed in Berlin
● To gain further knowledge of ophthalmology
● To further his studies of sciences and languages
● To observe the economic and political conditions of
German Nation
● To associate with famous German Scientists and
Scholars
● To publish Noli Me Tangere

16
Rizal’s Life in Berlin
■ In the morning he was assistant to Dr. Schweigger
■ At night, Rizal attended lectures in the University of Berlin
■ Took private lessons under a professor of French,
Madame Lucie Cerdole, to master the idiomatic intricacies
of the French Language.

17
Rizal on German Women
■ On a letter to his sister Trinidad, dated March 11, 1886;
Rizal expressed his high regard and admiration for
German womanhood.
■ Rizal said that German women are serious, diligent,
educated and friendly unlike Spanish women who are
gossipy, frivolous and quarrelsome.
18
Rizal on German Customs
Some of the German customs Rizal admired:
● On Yuletide (Christmas) Season, people will select a
pine tree from the bushes and adorned it with lanterns,
papers, lights, dolls, candies, fruits, etc.
● Self-introduction to strangers in a social gathering.

19
Rizal’s Darkest Winter
● The winter of 1886 in Berlin was his darkest winter.
● He lived in poverty because no money arrived from
Calamba and he was flat broke.
● He could not pay his landlord and he was eating only one
meal a day.
● His clothes were old and threadbare.
● His health broke down due to lack of proper nourishment.

This is one of the most memorable days in the life of Rizal.

20
 Chapter viii
noli me tangere
published in berlin (1887)
The idea of writing the novel
✣ Inspired by Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle
Tom's Cabin.
✣ He was then a student in the Central
University of Madrid.
✣ Proposed on Jan. 2, 1884 during the
reunion of Filipinos in the Paterno
Residence

3
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life
Among the Lowly, is an anti-
slavery novel by American
author Harriet Beecher Stowe.
Published in 1852, the novel had
a profound effect on attitudes
toward African Americans and
slavery in the U.S. and is said to
have "helped lay the
groundwork for the Civil War"
4
The idea of writing the novel
✣ It was unanimously approved by those
present (The Paternos, Lopez-Jaena, de
Lete, Llorente, Figueroa, Ventura)
✣ Unfortunately, Rizal’s project qiq not
materialize.
✣ The novel was designed to cover all the
phases of Philippine life.

5
6
The idea of writing the novel
✣ Rizal was disgusted to see that his
companions waste their time gambling or
flirting with Spanish senoritas.
✣ By this, Rizal was determined to write Noli
Me Tangere alone.
 THE WRITING OF THE NOLI
✣ Nearly the end of 1884:
⨳ Rizal began writing the novel in Madrid
⨳ finished about one-half of it

✣ When he went to paris (1885):

⨳ Rizal continued writing the novel, finishing
one-half of the second half after completing his
studies in C.U.M.

8
 THE WRITING OF THE NOLI
✣ Rizal finished the last fourth of the novel
in Germany.
✣ He wrote the last few chapters of the Noli
in Whilhemsfeld in April-June, 1886.
In berlin during the winter
days of February 1886
✣ Rizal made the final revisions on the
manuscript of the Noli.
✣ He was sick and penniless;
✣ He saw no hope of having it published, so
that in a momentary fit of desperation, he
almost hurled it into the flames.

10
In berlin during the winter
days of February 1886
✣ Fernando Cannon: “I did not believe that
the Noli Me Tangere would ever be
published when I was in berlin, Broken-
hearted, weakened, and discouraged from
hunger and deprivation. I was on the point
of throwing my work into the fire as a
thing accursed and fit only to die.”

11
Viola, Savior of the Noli
✣ Rizal received a telegram from Dr.
Maximo Viola who was coming to Berlin.
⨳ Maximo Viola was a member of a rich family
of San Miguel, Bulacan.
⨳ he arrived in berlin shortly before Christmas
day of 1887
⨳ Viola, being loaded with ample funds, gladly
agreed to finance the printing cost of the Noli.

12
Viola, Savior of the Noli
✣ Viola loaned Rizal some cash for living
expenses.

✣ Rizal and Viola happily celebrated the

Christmas of 1887 in Berlin with
sumptuous feast.

13
Máximo Viola y
Sison
He was a propagandist, writer,
revolutionary leader and doctor
from Bulacan, Philippines. He is
known as the best friend of Jose
Rizal in Europe. They work
together, they visited museums,
art gallery, restaurants and stayed
in hotels to work there in Europe.

14
After the Christmas season
✣ Rizal put the finishing touches on his
novel.
✣ To save printing expenses, he deleted
certain passages in his manuscript,
including a whole chapter – “Elias and
Salome”

15
16
 On February 21, 1887
✣ Noli was finally finished and ready for
printing.
✣ Rizal went to different printing shops in
Berlin.
⨳ Berliner Buchdruckrei-action-gesselschaft
■ 300 pesos for 2000 copies of the novel.

17
 RIZAL SUSPECTED AS A
FRENCH SPY
✣ During the printing of the Noli;
⨳ The chief police of Berlin asked Rizal for a
passport but was unable to provide one.
✣ Rizal was given 4 days to comply or else he
will be deported
✣ Rizal and by Viola went to the Spanish
embassy
⨳ The Spanish ambassador was not able to issue a
passport
18
 RIZAL SUSPECTED AS A
FRENCH SPY
✣ The police chief informed Rizal that he had
received reports of him visiting villages in
rural areas, and that he came from Paris
therefore arousing suspicion that he was a
French spy.
 RIZAL SUSPECTED AS A
FRENCH SPY
✣ Rizal, in fluent german language, explained to
the police chief he was not a French spy, but
was a Filipino physician and scientist,
particularly an ethnologist.
 RIZAL SUSPECTED AS A
FRENCH SPY
✣ As an ethnologist, he visited the rural areas of
the countries he visited to observe the customs
and life-styles of their simple inhabitants.
 PRINTING OF THE NOLI
FINISHED
✣ March 21, 1887 - the novel came out of the
press
✣ Rizal sent the first copies to: Blumentritt, Dr.
Regidor, Lopez-Jaena, M. Ponce, and F. R.
Hidalgo
✣ March 29, 1887 - Rizal in token and
appreciation, gave Viola the galley of proofs
of the novel
22
 TITLE OF NOVEL AND
AUTHOR'S DEDICATION
✣ Noli Me Tangere came from the Latin phrase
which means "Touch Me Not“
✣ Taken from the Gospel of John (Chapter 20
Verses 13 to 17)
✣ Dedicated to the Philippines ("To My
Fatherland")
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ The conversation centered on Ibarra's
travels abroad which gave a favorable
impression on the guests except Padre
Damaso, a fat Franciscan friar.
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ Contains 63 chapters and an epilogue

✣ It all started at the reception of Capitan Tiago

which was given in honor of Crisostomo
Ibarra who had just returned after 7 years of
studies in Europe

25
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ After dinner, one of the guests, Lieutenant
Guevara told Ibarra about the sad story of his
father, Don Rafael's death who accidentally
killed a Spanish tax collector after defending
a helpless boy and was accused of heresy
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ The following morning, Ibarra visited
his childhood sweetheart Maria Clara
and after which he went to his father's
grave on All Saint„s Day
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ The grave-digger told Ibarra that his father's
corpse had been removed by order of the
parish priest but because it was a dark night,
the grave-digger threw the corpse into the
lake.
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ This angered Ibarra who took his frustrations
out on Padre Salvi only to discover that the
parish priest who ordered the removal of the
corpse was Padre Damaso
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ In his town San Diego, he met Tasio the
Philosopher who was nicknamed "The
Lunatic" for no one could understand him
because his ideas were too advanced
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ Tasio was a school teacher who complained
to Ibarra that the children were losing
interest in their studies because of the lack of
school house and the attitudes of the parish
friars
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ The most tragic story in the novel was about
Sisa who became poor after marrying a
gambler. She had two sons: Basilio and
Crispin who were both sextons working to
support their mother
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ Crispin the younger brother was accused by
the chief sexton of stealing money and was
tortured to death while Basilio was able to
escape
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ When both boys did not return home, Sisa
searched for them but to her great sorrow,
she became insane
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ Capitan Tiago, Maria Clara, and Aunt Isabel;
after returning to San Diego were given a
picnic by Ibarra, and one of the guests was a
boatman named Elias
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ Later on, Ibarra received a telegram
notifying him of the approval of his donation
to the school house. Ibarra believed that this
could pave the way for his country's progress
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ Meanwhile, San Diego celebrated its annual
fiesta and while Ibarra and Maria Clara were
praying, Elias whispered to Ibarra that
during the laying of the cornerstone of the
school house, there was a plot to kill him
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ Elias then suspected a yellowish man who
built the derrick, was a paid stooge of one of
Ibarra's enemies. When Ibarra was tasked to
trench the cement of the cornerstone, the
derrick collapsed
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ Elias, quick as a flash, pushed Ibarra aside,
therefore saving his life. The yellowish man
was the one crushed to death by the derrick
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ At the dinner later that night, the arrogant
Damaso insulted the memory of Ibarra's
father. Ibarra then jumped out of his seat and
threatened the fat friar with a sharp knife
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ Ibarra would have killed Damaso had Maria
Clara intervened which produced 2 results,
his engagement to Maria Clara was broken
and he was excommunicated
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ Ibarra's enemies then continued to bring him
ruin by engineering a revolt by attacking the
barracks of the Guardia Civil where Ibarra
was wrongly blamed for the catastrophe
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ Elias, learning of Ibarra's arrest, burned all
the papers that would incriminate him. He
then helped him escape prison during the
wedding of Maria Clara and another man
named Linares
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ Ibarra would drop by Capitan Tiago's house
to bid goodbye to Maria Clara and accuse her
of betraying him. Maria Clara explained that
she gave up Ibarra's letters to the authorities
in exchange of letters from her mother
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ Within those letters, Maria Clara discovered
that her real father was Padre Damaso.
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ After bidding farewell, Ibarra and Elias rode
a banca and paddled by the Pasig River where
a police boat with the Guardia Civil pursued
them
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ Elias told Ibarra to hide under
the zacate while he jumped into the water
thereby diverting their attention to him
while allowing Ibarra to escape
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ The soldiers fired at Elias who was hit and
sank and as they witnessed the water turning
red, they had mistakenly assumed that they
had killed Ibarra
 SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ Elias who was wounded, reached the forest
where he met Basilio who was weeping over
his mother's death. Elias, whose breath was
slowly leaving him, told Basilio to burn both
him and his mother's corpses
SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
✣ “Idie without seeing the
dawn brighten over my
native land! You, who have it
to see, welcome it and forget
not those who have fallen
during the night”
50
 THE NOLI BASED ON THE
TRUTH
✣ Maria Clara - Leonor Rivera
✣ Ibarra and Elias - Dr. Jose Rizal
✣ Tasio the Philosopher – Paciano
✣ Padre Salvi - Padre Antonio Piernavieja
✣ Capitan Tiago - Capitan Hilario Sunico of
✣ San Nicolas
 THE NOLI BASED ON THE
TRUTH
✣ Dona Victorina - Dona Agustina Medel
✣ Basilio and Crispin - Crisostomo Brothers of
Hagonoy
✣ Padre Damaso - a domineering friar who was
arrogant, immoral, and anti-Filipino