Good afternoon po sir erick goodafter noon classmates our

topic today is all about Microsoft Excel  

-when I say Microsoft excel what comes to your mind first?

Microsoft Excel 
is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android and iOS. It
features calculation or computation capabilities, graphing tools, pivot tables, and
a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Excel forms part of
the Microsoft Office suite of software.

-next is basic operation of MS EXCEL

Basic operation
Microsoft Excel has the basic features of all spreadsheets, [7] using a grid of cells arranged in
numbered rows and letter-named columns to organize data manipulations like arithmetic
operations. It has a battery of supplied functions to answer statistical, engineering, and financial
needs. In addition, it can display data as line graphs, histograms and charts, and with a very limited
three-dimensional graphical display. It allows sectioning of data to view its dependencies on various
factors for different perspectives (using pivot tables and the scenario manager). A PivotTable is a
tool for data analysis. It does this by simplifying large data sets via PivotTable fields. It has a
programming aspect, Visual Basic for Applications, allowing the user to employ a wide variety of
numerical methods, for example, for solving differential equations of mathematical physics, and then
reporting the results back to the spreadsheet. It also has a variety of interactive features allowing
user interfaces that can completely hide the spreadsheet from the user, so the spreadsheet presents
itself as a so-called application, or decision support system (DSS), via a custom-designed user
interface, for example, a stock analyzer, or in general, as a design tool that asks the user questions
and provides answers and reports. In a more elaborate realization, an Excel application can
automatically poll external databases and measuring instruments using an update schedule, analyze
the results, make a Word report or PowerPoint slide show, and e-mail these presentations on a
regular basis to a list of participants. Excel was not designed to be used as a database.

Functions
Excel 2016 has 484 functions.[16] Of these, 360 existed prior to Excel 2010. Microsoft classifies
these functions in 14 categories. Of the 484 current functions, 386 may be called from VBA as
methods of the object "WorksheetFunction" and 44 have the same names as VBA functions.
With the introduction of LAMBDA, Excel will become Turing complete.

-microsoft
excel have macro programming…what is macro
programming?
Macro programming
VBA programming
The Windows version of Excel supports programming through Microsoft's Visual Basic for
Applications (VBA), which is a dialect of Visual Basic. Programming with VBA allows spreadsheet
manipulation that is awkward or impossible with standard spreadsheet techniques. Programmers
may write code directly using the Visual Basic Editor (VBE), which includes a window for writing
code, debugging code, and code module organization environment. The user can implement
numerical methods as well as automating tasks such as formatting or data organization in VBA and
guide the calculation using any desired intermediate results reported back to the spreadsheet.
VBA was removed from Mac Excel 2008, as the developers did not believe that a timely release
would allow porting the VBA engine natively to Mac OS X. VBA was restored in the next version,
Mac Excel 2011, although the build lacks support for ActiveX objects, impacting some high level
developer tools.
A common and easy way to generate VBA code is by using the Macro Recorder. The Macro
Recorder records actions of the user and generates VBA code in the form of a macro. These actions
can then be repeated automatically by running the macro. The macros can also be linked to different
trigger types like keyboard shortcuts, a command button or a graphic. The actions in the macro can
be executed from these trigger types or from the generic toolbar options. The VBA code of the
macro can also be edited in the VBE. Certain features such as loop functions and screen prompt by
their own properties, and some graphical display items, cannot be recorded but must be entered into
the VBA module directly by the programmer. Advanced users can employ user prompts to create an
interactive program, or react to events such as sheets being loaded or changed.
Macro Recorded code may not be compatible with Excel versions. Some code that is used in Excel
2010 cannot be used in Excel 2003. Making a Macro that changes the cell colors and making
changes to other aspects of cells may not be backward compatible.
VBA code interacts with the spreadsheet through the Excel Object Model, a vocabulary identifying
spreadsheet objects, and a set of supplied functions or methods that enable reading and writing to
the spreadsheet and interaction with its users (for example, through custom toolbars or command
bars and message boxes). User-created VBA subroutines execute these actions and operate like
macros generated using the macro recorder, but are more flexible and efficient

-now we proceed to history of ms excel

History
From its first version Excel supported end-user programming of macros (automation of
repetitive tasks) and user-defined functions (extension of Excel's built-in function library). In
early versions of Excel, these programs were written in a macro language whose statements had
formula syntax and resided in the cells of special-purpose macro sheets (stored with file
extension .XLM in Windows.) XLM was the default macro language for Excel through Excel
4.0. Beginning with version 5.0 Excel recorded macros in VBA by default but with version 5.0 XLM
recording was still allowed as an option. After version 5.0 that option was discontinued. All versions
of Excel, including Excel 2010 are capable of running an XLM macro, though Microsoft discourages
their use.

Charts
Excel supports charts, graphs, or histograms generated from specified groups of cells. It also
supports Pivot Charts that allow for a chart to be linked directly to a Pivot table. This allows
the chart to be refreshed with the Pivot Table. The generated graphic component can either
be embedded within the current sheet or added as a separate object.
These displays are dynamically updated if the content of cells changes. For example, suppose that
the important design requirements are displayed visually; then, in response to a user's change in trial
values for parameters, the curves describing the design change shape, and their points of
intersection shift, assisting the selection of the best design.

Data storage and communication

Number of rows and columns
Versions of Excel up to 7.0 had a limitation in the size of their data sets of 16K (214 = 16384) rows.
Versions 8.0 through 11.0 could handle 64K (216 = 65536) rows and 256 columns (28 as label 'IV').
Version 12.0 onwards, including the current Version 16.x, can handle over 1M (220 = 1048576) rows,
and 16384 (214, labeled as column 'XFD') columns.

File formats
Microsoft Excel up until 2007 version used a proprietary binary file format called Excel Binary
File Format (.XLS) as its primary format. Excel 2007 uses Office Open XML as its primary file
format, an XML-based format that followed after a previous XML-based format called "XML
Spreadsheet" ("XMLSS"), first introduced in Excel 2002
Although supporting and encouraging the use of new XML-based formats as replacements, Excel
2007 remained backwards-compatible with the traditional, binary formats. In addition, most versions
of Microsoft Excel can read CSV, DBF, SYLK, DIF, and other legacy formats. Support for some older
file formats was removed in Excel 2007. The file formats were mainly from DOS-based programs.

Binary
OpenOffice.org has created documentation of the Excel format. Two epochs of the format exist: the
97-2003 OLE format, and the older stream format. Microsoft has made the Excel binary format
specification available to freely download.

XML Spreadsheet
The XML Spreadsheet format introduced in Excel 2002 is a simple, XML based format missing some
more advanced features like storage of VBA macros. Though the intended file extension for this
format is .xml, the program also correctly handles XML files with .xls extension. This feature is widely
used by third-party applications (e.g. MySQL Query Browser) to offer "export to Excel" capabilities
without implementing binary file format. The following example will be correctly opened by Excel if
saved either as Book1.xml or Book1.xls:

Current file extensions

Main article: Office Open XML

Microsoft Excel 2007, along with the other products in the Microsoft Office 2007 suite, introduced
new file formats. The first of these (.xlsx) is defined in the Office Open XML (OOXML) specification.]
-next naman ipapakita namin sainyo yung excel 2007 formats
-next is yung old file extensions
-ayan po yung old file extensions so ngayon mag pproceed tayo sa paggamit ng iba pang mga
windows application

Using other Windows applications

Windows applications such as Microsoft Access and Microsoft Word, as well as Excel can
communicate with each other and use each other's capabilities. The most common are Dynamic
Data Exchange: although strongly deprecated by Microsoft, this is a common method to send data
between applications running on Windows, with official MS publications referring to it as "the protocol
from hell". As the name suggests, it allows applications to supply data to others for calculation and
display. It is very common in financial markets, being used to connect to important financial data
services such as Bloomberg and Reuters.
OLE Object Linking and Embedding allows a Windows application to control another to enable it to
format or calculate data. This may take on the form of "embedding" where an application uses
another to handle a task that it is more suited to, for example a PowerPoint presentation may be
embedded in an Excel spreadsheet or vice versa.
-Next is yung paggamit sa external data

Using external data

Excel users can access external data sources via Microsoft Office features such as (for
example)  .odc  connections built with the Office Data Connection file format. Excel files themselves
may be updated using a Microsoft supplied ODBC driver.
Excel can accept data in real-time through several programming interfaces, which allow it to
communicate with many data sources such as Bloomberg and Reuters (through addins such
as Power Plus Pro).

 DDE: "Dynamic Data Exchange" uses the message passing mechanism in Windows to
allow data to flow between Excel and other applications. Although it is easy for users to
create such links, programming such links reliably is so difficult that Microsoft, the
creators of the system, officially refer to it as "the protocol from hell".In spite of its many
issues DDE remains the most common way for data to reach traders in financial
markets.
 Network DDE Extended the protocol to allow spreadsheets on different computers to
exchange data. Starting with Windows Vista, Microsoft no longer supports the facility.
 Real Time Data: RTD although in many ways technically superior to DDE, has been slow
to gain acceptance, since it requires non-trivial programming skills, and when first
released was neither adequately documented nor supported by the major data vendors.
Alternatively, Microsoft Query provides ODBC-based browsing within Microsoft Excel.

Export and migration of spreadsheets

Programmers have produced APIs to open Excel spreadsheets in a variety of applications and
environments other than Microsoft Excel. These include opening Excel documents on the web using
either ActiveX controls, or plugins like the Adobe Flash Player. The Apache POI opensource project
provides Java libraries for reading and writing Excel spreadsheet files.
Password protection
Main article: Microsoft Office password protection
Microsoft Excel protection offers several types of passwords:

 Password to open a document

 Password to modify a document
 Password to unprotect the worksheet
 Password to protect workbook
 Password to protect the sharing workbook
All passwords except password to open a document can be removed instantly regardless of the
Microsoft Excel version used to create the document. These types of passwords are used primarily
for shared work on a document. Such password-protected documents are not encrypted, and a data
sources from a set password is saved in a document's header. Password to protect workbook is an
exception – when it is set, a document is encrypted with the standard password “VelvetSweatshop”,
but since it is known to the public, it actually does not add any extra protection to the document. The
only type of password that can prevent a trespasser from gaining access to a document is password
to open a document. The cryptographic strength of this kind of protection depends strongly on the
Microsoft Excel version that was used to create the document.
In Microsoft Excel 95 and earlier versions, the password to open is converted to a 16-bit key that can
be instantly cracked. In Excel 97/2000 the password is converted to a 40-bit key, which can also be
cracked very quickly using modern equipment. As regards services that use rainbow tables (e.g.
Password-Find), it takes up to several seconds to remove protection. In addition, password-cracking
programs can brute-force attack passwords at a rate of hundreds of thousands of passwords a
second, which not only lets them decrypt a document but also find the original password.
In Excel 2003/XP the encryption is slightly better – a user can choose any encryption algorithm that
is available in the system (see Cryptographic Service Provider). Due to the CSP, an Excel file can't
be decrypted, and thus the password to open can't be removed, though the brute-force attack speed
remains quite high. Nevertheless, the older Excel 97/2000 algorithm is set by the default. Therefore,
users who do not change the default settings lack reliable protection of their documents.
The situation changed fundamentally in Excel 2007, where the modern AES algorithm with a key of
128 bits started being used for decryption, and a 50,000-fold use of the hash function SHA1 reduced
the speed of brute-force attacks down to hundreds of passwords per second. In Excel 2010, the
strength of the protection by the default was increased two times due to the use of a 100,000-fold
SHA1 to convert a password to a key.

Other platforms
Excel for mobile
Excel Mobile is a spreadsheet program that can edit XLSX files. It can edit and format text in cells,
calculate formulas, search within the spreadsheet, sort rows and columns, freeze panes, filter the
columns, add comments, and create charts. It can't add columns or rows except at the edge of the
document, rearrange columns or rows, delete rows or columns, or add spreadsheet tabs. The 2007
version has the ability to use a full-screen mode to deal with limited screen resolution, as well as split
panes to view different parts of a worksheet at one time. Protection settings, zoom settings, autofilter
settings, certain chart formatting, hidden sheets, and other features are not supported on Excel
Mobile, and will be modified upon opening and saving a workbook. In 2015, Excel Mobile became
available for Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile on Windows Store.
Excel for the web
Further information: Microsoft Office § Office on the web

Excel for the web is a free lightweight version of Microsoft Excel available as part of Office on the
web, which also includes web versions of Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint.
Excel for the web can display most of the features available in the desktop versions of Excel,
although it may not be able to insert or edit them. Certain data connections are not accessible on
Excel for the web, including with charts that may use these external connections. Excel for the web
also cannot display legacy features, such as Excel 4.0 macros or Excel 5.0 dialog sheets. There are
also small differences between how some of the Excel functions work.

Microsoft Excel Viewer

Microsoft Excel Viewer was a freeware program for Microsoft Windows for viewing and printing
spreadsheet documents created by Excel. Microsoft retired the viewer in April 2018 with the last
security update released in February 2019 for Excel Viewer 2007 (SP3).
The first version released by Microsoft was Excel 97 Viewer. Excel 97 Viewer was supported
in Windows CE for Handheld PCs. In October 2004, Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2003. In
September 2007, Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2003 Service Pack 3 (SP3). In January 2008,
Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2007 (featuring a non-collapsible Ribbon interface).In April 2009,
Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2007 Service Pack 2 (SP2). n October 2011, Microsoft released
Excel Viewer 2007 Service Pack 3 (SP3).
Microsoft advises to view and print Excel files for free to use the Excel Mobile application
for Windows 10 and for Windows 7 and Windows 8 to upload the file to OneDrive and use Excel for
the web with a Microsoft account to open them in a browser.

Numeric precision
Despite the use of 15-figure precision, Excel can display many more figures (up to thirty) upon user
request. But the displayed figures are not those actually used in its computations, and so, for
example, the difference of two numbers may differ from the difference of their displayed values.
Although such departures are usually beyond the 15th decimal, exceptions do occur, especially for
very large or very small numbers. Serious errors can occur if decisions are made based upon
automated comparisons of numbers (for example, using the Excel If function), as equality of two
numbers can be unpredictable.
In the figure, the fraction 1/9000 is displayed in Excel. Although this number has a decimal
representation that is an infinite string of ones, Excel displays only the leading 15 figures. In the
second line, the number one is added to the fraction, and again Excel displays only 15 figures. In the
third line, one is subtracted from the sum using Excel. Because the sum in the second line has only
eleven 1's after the decimal, the difference when 1 is subtracted from this displayed value is three
0's followed by a string of eleven 1's. However, the difference reported by Excel in the third line is
three 0's followed by a string of thirteen 1's and two extra erroneous digits. This is because Excel
calculates with about half a digit more than it displays.
Excel works with a modified 1985 version of the IEEE 754 specification.[69] Excel's implementation
involves conversions between binary and decimal representations, leading to accuracy that is on
average better than one would expect from simple fifteen digit precision, but that can be worse. See
the main article for details.
Besides accuracy in user computations, the question of accuracy in Excel-provided functions may be
raised. Particularly in the arena of statistical functions, Excel has been criticized for sacrificing
accuracy for speed of calculation.
As many calculations in Excel are executed using VBA, an additional issue is the accuracy of VBA,
which varies with variable type and user-requested precision

Statistical functions
The accuracy and convenience of statistical tools in Excel has been criticized, as mishandling
missing data, as returning incorrect values due to inept handling of round-off and large numbers, as
only selectively updating calculations on a spreadsheet when some cell values are changed, and as
having a limited set of statistical tools. Microsoft has announced some of these issues are addressed
in Excel 2010.

Excel MOD function error

Excel has issues with modulo operations. In the case of excessively large results, Excel will return
the error warning #NUM! instead of an answer.

Fictional leap day in the year 1900

Excel includes February 29, 1900, incorrectly treating 1900 as a leap year, even though e.g., 2100 is
correctly treated as a non-leap year. The bug originated from Lotus 1-2-3 (deliberately implemented
to save computer memory), and was also purposely implemented in Excel, for the purpose of bug
compatibility. This legacy has later been carried over into Office Open XML file format.
Thus a (not necessarily whole) number greater than or equal to 61 interpreted as a date and time
are the (real) number of days after December 30, 1899, 0:00, a non-negative number less than 60 is
the number of days after December 31, 1899, 0:00, and numbers with whole part 60 represent the
fictional day.

Date range
Excel supports dates with years in the range 1900–9999, except that December 31, 1899, can be
entered as 0 and is displayed as 0-jan-1900.
Converting a fraction of a day into hours, minutes, and days by treating it as a moment on the day
January 1, 1900, does not work for a negative fraction.

Conversion problems
Entering text that happens to be in a form that is interpreted as a date, the text can be unintentionally
changed to a standard date format. A similar problem occurs when a text happens to be in the form
of a floating-point notation of a number. In these cases, the original exact text cannot be recovered
from the result. Formatting the cell as TEXT before entering ambiguous text prevents Excel from
converting to a date.
This issue has caused a well known problem in the analysis of DNA, for example in bioinformatics.
As first reported in 2004,[85] genetic scientists found that Excel automatically and incorrectly converts
certain gene names into dates. A follow-up study in 2016 found many peer reviewed scientific
journal papers had been affected and that "Of the selected journals, the proportion of published
articles with Excel files containing gene lists that are affected by gene name errors is 19.6 %." Excel
parses the copied and pasted data and sometimes changes them depending on what it thinks they
are. For example, MARCH1 (Membrane Associated Ring-CH-type finger 1) gets converted to the
date March 1 (1-Mar) and SEPT2 (Septin 2) is converted into September 2 (2-Sep) etc. While some
secondary news sources[88] reported this as a fault with Excel, the original authors of the 2016 paper
placed the blame with the researchers misusing Excel.
In August 2020 the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) published new guidelines in the
journal Nature regarding gene naming in order to avoid issues with "symbols that affect data
handling and retrieval." So far 27 genes have been renamed, including changing MARCH1 to
MARCHF1 and SEPT1 to SEPTIN1 in order to avoid accidental conversion of the gene names into
dates.

Errors with large strings

The following functions return incorrect results when passed a string longer than 255 characters:

 type()  incorrectly returns 16, meaning "Error value"

 IsText() , when called as a method of the VBA
object  WorksheetFunction  (i.e.,  WorksheetFunction.IsText()  in VBA), incorrectly
returns "false".
Filenames
Microsoft Excel will not open two documents with the same name and instead will display the
following error:
A document with the name '%s' is already open. You cannot open two documents with the
same name, even if the documents are in different folders. To open the second document,
either close the document that is currently open, or rename one of the documents.
The reason is for calculation ambiguity with linked cells. If there is a
cell  ='[Book1.xlsx]Sheet1'!$G$33 , and there are two books named "Book1" open, there is
no way to tell which one the user means.