Pemograman

Database

Dr.Sarwo M.Kom
STMIK MERCUSUAR

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Java Database

1. Pengantar Database
2. Pengantar SQL
3. Koneksi Aplikasi Java ke Database
4. Studi Kasus Aplikasi Java Database

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6.1 Pengantar Database

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Introduction to Database
 Database system is a computer based record
keeping system
 It is a system whose overall purpose is to
record and maintain information that is
deemed important to the organization
 Database is collection of stored operational
data which can be used and shared by
different applications and users of any
organization

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Why Database
 Database system provides the organization with
centralized control of its operational data,
which is one of its most valuable assets
 This is totally opposite of the situation that is
happening in many organizations, where
typically each application has its own private
files (flat file). This makes the operational data
widely dispersed and difficult to control

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Advantage of Centralized Database
 Redundancy can be reduced
 Inconsistency can be avoided
 Data can be shared
 Standards can be enforced
 Security restrictions can be applied
 Integrity can be maintained
 Conflicting requirements can be balanced

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Disadvantage of Database Systems
 Database is more vulnerable to destruction thru:
• machine malfunction
• personal error
• Deliberate human tampering
 Cost: the cost of required hardware, DB
development, and DB maintenance is high
 Complexity: Due to its complexity, the user
should understand it well enough to use it
efficiently and effectively

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Database Models - Product - Vendor
MODEL PRODUCT VENDOR
1. Relational DB2 IBMSQL/DS
Ingress Relational Tech.
Oracle Oracle corp
Access Microsoft
PostgreSQL
MySQL
2. Network DMS100 Unysis
IDMS Cullinet
3. Heirarchical IMS IBM
System 2000 Intel
4. Object oriented Starburst IBM
Gemstone
Orion8
Relational Database
 Relational database is a collection of tables
 Formally a table is called a relation
 Database is a structure that can hold
information about tables, rows, and columns

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Relational Database
Relational Relational Traditional
Model DBMS File System

Relation Table File

Tuple Row Record
Attribute Column Field
Primary Key (PK) Primary Key (PK) Search Key
Relationship (FK) Relationship (FK) Not Used

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Relational Database
1. Primary Key (PK): An attribute which can
uniquely identify each record (tuple) of a
relation (table)

2. Foreign Key (FK): An attribute which is a

regular attribute in one table but a primary key
in another table

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 Example of a Relational Database

Relation Name
Attribute
Primary Key (PK)
Sale
SalesNO Name Rate City Dept#
10 James 10 Dallas A211
12 Black 15 Denver F654
48 Black 8 WashDC A211

Tuple (record)

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Example of a Relational Database
Customer
CustID Name Balance City SaleNo
132 Black 2000.00 Dallas 10
135 Tom 129.89 Denver 12
198 Tom (132.90) Dallas 10

SalesNO is PK in Sales table

Sales
SalesNO Name Rate City Dept#
10 James 10 Dallas A211
12 Black 15 Denver F654
48 Black 8 WashDC A211

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Example of a Relational Database
Customer
CustID Name Balance City SaleNo
132 Black 2000.00 Dallas 10
135 Tom 129.89 Denver 12
198 Tom (132.90) Dallas 10

SalesNO is PK in Sales table and FK in Customer table

Sales
SalesNO Name Rate City Dept#
10 James 10 Dallas A211
12 Black 15 Denver F654
48 Black 8 WashDC A211

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Example: Order Entry Database
Order OrderLine
ONO DATE CustID SalesNO ONO Oline# Part# Qty Part#
102 11/2/94 132 10 102 1 12.00 10 EX454
199 2/15/95 135 12 102 2 129.89 1 DE012
92 10/4/94 102 53 199 1 32.90 3 DC810

Customer
CustID Name Balance City SaleNo
132 Black 2000.00 Dallas 10
135 Tom 129.89 Denver 12
198 Tom (132.90) Dallas 10

Sales
SalesNO Name Rate City Dept#
10 James 10 Dallas A211
12 Black 15 Denver F654
48 Black 8 WashDC A211
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Functionality of a DBMS
 The programmer sees SQL, which has two
components:
1. Data Definition Language (DDL)
2. Data Manipulation Language (DML)

 Behind the scenes the DBMS has:

1. Query engine
2. Query optimizer
3. Storage management
4. Transaction Management (concurrency, recovery)

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How the Programmer Sees the DBMS
1. Start with DDL to create tables:

CREATE TABLE Students (

Name CHAR(30)
SSN CHAR(9) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
Category CHAR(20)
) ...

2. Continue with DML to populate tables:

INSERT INTO Students
VALUES(‘Charles’, ‘123456789’, ‘undergraduate’)
. . . .

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Transactions
 Enroll “Mary Johnson” in “CSE444”:
BEGIN TRANSACTION;

INSERT INTO Takes

SELECT Students.SSN, Courses.CID
FROM Students, Courses
WHERE Students.name = ‘Mary Johnson’ and
Courses.name = ‘CSE444’

-- More updates here....

IF everything-went-OK
THEN COMMIT;
ELSE ROLLBACK

If system crashes, the transaction is still either committed or aborted

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Transactions
 A transaction = sequence of statements that
either all succeed, or all fail
 Transactions have the ACID properties:
1. A = atomicity (a transaction should be done or undone completely )
2. C = consistency (a transaction should transform a system from one
consistent state to another consistent state)

3. I = isolation (each transaction should happen independently of other

transactions )
4. D = durability (completed transactions should remain permanent)

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Queries
 Find all courses that “Mary” takes

SELECT C.name
FROM Students S, Takes T, Courses C
WHERE S.name=“Mary” and
S.ssn = T.ssn and T.cid = C.cid

 What happens behind the scene ?

• Query processor figures out how to answer the query
efficiently.

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Queries, Behind the Scene

Declarative SQL query Imperative query execution plan:

sname
SELECT C.name
FROM Students S, Takes T, Courses C
WHERE S.name=“Mary” and
S.ssn = T.ssn and T.cid = C.cid cid=cid

sid=sid

name=“Mary”

Students Takes Courses

The optimizer chooses the best execution plan for a query

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6.2 Pengantar SQL

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SQL Introduction
 Standard language for querying and manipulating
data
 SQL = Structured Query Language
 Many standards out there:
• ANSI SQL
• SQL92 (a.k.a. SQL2)
• SQL99 (a.k.a. SQL3)
• Vendors support various subsets of these
• What we discuss is common to all of them

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SQL
 Data Definition Language (DDL)
• Create/alter/delete tables and their attributes
 Data Manipulation Language (DML)
• Query one or more tables
• Insert/delete/modify tuples in tables
 Transact-SQL
• Idea: package a sequence of SQL statements  server

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Data Types in SQL
 Characters:
• CHAR(20) -- fixed length
• VARCHAR(40) -- variable length
 Numbers:
• BIGINT, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT
• REAL, FLOAT -- differ in precision
• MONEY
 Times and dates:
• DATE
• DATETIME -- SQL Server
 Others... All are simple
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SQL Data Type vs Java Data Type
SQL Data Type Java Data Type
INTEGER or INT int

REAL float

DOUBLE double

Fixed-point decimal numbers with m total digits

DECIMAL(m, n) and n digits after the decimal point; similar to
BigDecimal.
BOOLEAN Boolean

VARCHAR(n) Variable-length String of length up to n

CHARACTER(n) or
Fixed-length String of length n
CHAR(n)

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Tables in SQL
Table name Attribute names

Product
PName Price Category Manufacturer

Gizmo $19.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks

Powergizmo $29.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks

SingleTouch $149.99 Photography Canon

MultiTouch $203.99 Household Hitachi

Tuples or rows
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Tables Explained
 A tuple = a record
• Restriction: all attributes are of atomic type
 A table = a set of tuples
• Like a list…
• …but it is unorderd: no first(), no next(), no last().
 No nested tables, only flat tables are allowed!

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Tables Explained
 The schema of a table is the table name and its
attributes:
Product(PName, Price, Category, Manfacturer)

 A key is an attribute whose values are unique;

we underline a key

Product(PName, Price, Category, Manfacturer)

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SQL Query

Basic form: (plus many many more bells and whistles)

SELECT attributes
FROM relations (possibly multiple, joined)
WHERE conditions (selections)

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Simple SQL Query
Product PName Price Category Manufacturer
Gizmo $19.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
Powergizmo $29.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
SingleTouch $149.99 Photography Canon
MultiTouch $203.99 Household Hitachi

SELECT *
FROM Product
WHERE category=‘Gadgets’

PName Price Category Manufacturer

Gizmo $19.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks

“selection” Powergizmo $29.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks

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Simple SQL Query
Product PName Price Category Manufacturer
Gizmo $19.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
Powergizmo $29.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
SingleTouch $149.99 Photography Canon
MultiTouch $203.99 Household Hitachi

SELECT PName, Price, Manufacturer

FROM Product
WHERE Price > 100

PName Price Manufacturer

“selection” and SingleTouch $149.99 Canon
“projection” MultiTouch $203.99 Hitachi

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A Notation for SQL Queries
Input Schema

Product(PName, Price, Category, Manfacturer)

SELECT PName, Price, Manufacturer

FROM Product
WHERE Price > 100

Answer(PName, Price, Manfacturer)

Output Schema

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Selections
What goes in the WHERE clause:
 x = y, x < y, x <= y, etc
• For number, they have the usual meanings
• For CHAR and VARCHAR: lexicographic ordering
Expected conversion between CHAR and VARCHAR
• For dates and times, what you expect...
 Pattern matching on strings: s LIKE p

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The LIKE operator
 s LIKE p: pattern matching on strings
 p may contain two special symbols:
• % = any sequence of characters
• _ = any single character

Product(Name, Price, Category, Manufacturer)

Find all products whose name mentions ‘gizmo’:

SELECT *
FROM Products
WHERE PName LIKE ‘%gizmo%’

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Eliminating Duplicates
Category

Gadgets
SELECT category
FROM Product Gadgets

Photography

Household

Compare to:

Category
SELECT DISTINCT category
FROM Product Gadgets

Photography

Household

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Ordering the Results

SELECT pname, price, manufacturer

FROM Product
WHERE category=‘gizmo’ AND price > 50
ORDER BY price, pname

Ordering is ascending, unless you specify the DESC keyword.

Ties are broken by the second attribute on the ORDER BY list, etc.

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Ordering the Results

SELECT Category
FROM Product
ORDER BY PName

PName Price Category Manufacturer

?
Gizmo $19.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
Powergizmo $29.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
SingleTouch $149.99 Photography Canon
MultiTouch $203.99 Household Hitachi

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Ordering the Results

Category
SELECT DISTINCT category Gadgets
FROM Product
ORDER BY category Household
Photography

Compare to:

?
SELECT DISTINCT category
FROM Product
ORDER BY PName

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Joins in SQL
 Connect two or more tables:
Product PName Price Category Manufacturer
Gizmo $19.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
Powergizmo $29.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
SingleTouch $149.99 Photography Canon
MultiTouch $203.99 Household Hitachi

Company CName StockPrice Country

GizmoWorks 25 USA
What is
the Connection Canon 65 Japan
between
them ? Hitachi 15 Japan

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Joins

Join
between Product
and Company

SELECT PName, Price

FROM Product, Company
WHERE Manufacturer=CName AND Country=‘Japan’
AND Price <= 200

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 Joins in SQL

Product Company
PName Price Category Manufacturer Cname StockPrice Country
Gizmo $19.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks GizmoWorks 25 USA
Powergizmo $29.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks Canon 65 Japan
SingleTouch $149.99 Photography Canon Hitachi 15 Japan
MultiTouch $203.99 Household Hitachi

SELECT PName, Price

FROM Product, Company
WHERE Manufacturer=CName AND Country=‘Japan’
AND Price <= 200

PName Price
SingleTouch $149.99

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Joins
Product (pname, price, category, manufacturer)
Company (cname, stockPrice, country)

Find all countries that manufacture some product in the ‘Gadgets’ category.

SELECT Country
FROM Product, Company
WHERE Manufacturer=CName AND Category=‘Gadgets’

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 Joins in SQL
Product Company
PName Price Category Manufacturer
Cname StockPrice Country
Gizmo $19.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks GizmoWorks 25 USA
Powergizmo $29.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks Canon 65 Japan
SingleTouch $149.99 Photography Canon Hitachi 15 Japan
MultiTouch $203.99 Household Hitachi

SELECT Country
FROM Product, Company
WHERE Manufacturer=CName AND Category=‘Gadgets’

Country
What is ??
the problem ? ??
What’s the
solution ?

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Joins
Product (pname, price, category, manufacturer)
Purchase (buyer, seller, store, product)
Person(persname, phoneNumber, city)

Find names of people living in Seattle that bought some product in

the ‘Gadgets’ category, and the names of the stores they bought such
product from

SELECT DISTINCT persname, store

FROM Person, Purchase, Product
WHERE persname=buyer AND product = pname AND
city=‘Seattle’ AND category=‘Gadgets’

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Disambiguating Attributes
• Sometimes two relations have the same attribute:
Person(pname, address, worksfor)
Company(cname, address)
Which
SELECT DISTINCT pname, address address ?
FROM Person, Company
WHERE worksfor = cname

SELECT DISTINCT Person.pname, Company.address

FROM Person, Company
WHERE Person.worksfor = Company.cname

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Tuple Variables
Product (pname, price, category, manufacturer)
Purchase (buyer, seller, store, product)
Person(persname, phoneNumber, city)

Find all stores that sold at least one product that the store
‘BestBuy’ also sold:

SELECT DISTINCT x.store

FROM Purchase AS x, Purchase AS y
WHERE x.product = y.product AND y.store = ‘BestBuy’

Answer (store)

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Tuple Variables
General rule:
tuple variables introduced automatically by the system:

Product ( name, price, category, manufacturer)

SELECT name
FROM Product
WHERE price > 100
Becomes:
SELECT Product.name
FROM Product AS Product
WHERE Product.price > 100

Doesn’t work when Product occurs more than once:

In that case the user needs to define variables explicitely.

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Renaming Columns
Product PName Price Category Manufacturer
Gizmo $19.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
Powergizmo $29.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks
SingleTouch $149.99 Photography Canon
MultiTouch $203.99 Household Hitachi

SELECT Pname AS prodName, Price AS askPrice

FROM Product
WHERE Price > 100

prodName askPrice

Query with SingleTouch $149.99

renaming MultiTouch $203.99

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Studi Kasus Aplikasi Database

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Aplikasi Database
1. Aplikasi Telepon
2. Aplikasi Guru
3. Aplikasi Bank
4. Aplikasi Penjualan Barang

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Aplikasi Telepon

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Aplikasi Telepon
1. Ekstrak xampplite dan jalankan xampp_start.exe
untuk mengaktifkan Apache dan MySQL
2. Buka browser, arahkan url ke http://localhost dan
klik link ke phpMyAdmin
3. Buat database telepon
4. Buat satu table bukutelepon, yang berisi field
dengan id sebagai primary key (PK):
1. id integer (auto increment)
2. nama varchar(20)
3. alamat varchar(50)
4. telepon varchar(20)
5. handphone varchar(20)
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Aplikasi Telepon
1. Extract dan copy folder 05 JAVA DATABASE di
NetbeansProject anda
2. Di Netbeans buka file tersebut melalui Open
project
3. Cek package db.mysql (versi text) dan
dbgui.mysql (versi gui)
4. Program yang ada di kedua package tersebut
akan mengakses dan melakukan query ke
database telepon (table bukutelepon)

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 Cek Koneksi ke Database MySQL
String user="root"; String pswd ="";
String host="localhost"; String db="telepon"; String url="";
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
url="jdbc:mysql://"+ host +"/"+ db +"?user=" + user +
"&password="+ pswd;
Connection conn=DriverManager.getConnection(urlValue);
System.out.println("koneksi sukses");
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e){
System.out.println("koneksi gagal " + e.toString());
} catch(ClassNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("jdbc.Driver tidak ditemukan");
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 Cek Koneksi ke Database PostgreSQL
String user="root"; String pswd ="";
String host="localhost"; String db="telepon"; String url="";
try {
Class.forName(“org.postgresql.Driver");
url="jdbc:postgresql://"+ host +"/"+ db +"?user=" + user +
"&password="+ pswd;
Connection conn=DriverManager.getConnection(urlValue);
System.out.println("koneksi sukses");
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e){
System.out.println("koneksi gagal " + e.toString());
} catch(ClassNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("jdbc.Driver tidak ditemukan");
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Aplikasi Guru

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Aplikasi Guru
1. Buat database Guru
2. Buat satu table dataguru, yang berisi field dengan
nip sebagai primary key (PK). Field yang lain adalah
seperti di bawah:
1. nip integer (auto increment)
2. nama varchar(30)
3. status varchar(20)
4. institusi varchar(30)
5. kota varchar(30)
6. handphone varchar(20)
7. jeniskelamin varchar(20)
8. bidangstudi varchar(30)
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Tugas: Aplikasi Guru
3. Pahami program yang ada di package
db.mysql
4. Buat 5 class java yang melakukan query ke
database Guru:
1. GuruConnection.java
2. GuruInsert.java
3. GuruRead.java
4. GuruUpdate.java
5. GuruDelete.java

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Tugas: Aplikasi Guru
3. Pahami program yang ada di package
dbgui.mysql
4. Buat 1 class MenuUtama dan 4 class java GUI
yang melakukan query ke database Guru:
1. GuruInsertUI.java
2. GuruReadUI.java
3. GuruUpdateUI.java
4. GuruDeleteUI.java
5. MenuUtama.java

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Aplikasi Bank

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Aplikasi Bank
1. Pahami dengan baik Case Study: A Bank
Database yang terdapat pada buku
Hortsmann (halaman 871)
2. Buat dua tabel database: BankCustomer dan
Account
3. Buat dua class yang mendefinisikan dan
mengoperasikan aplikasi Bank: Bank.java dan
BankAccount.java
4. Buat satu class yang berisi method main yang
mengeksekusi aplikasi bank
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Aplikasi Penjualan Barang

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Aplikasi Penjualan Barang (Quantum)
1. Ekstrak quantum.zip
2. Buat database sib di MySQL dan import sib.sql
3. Open project quantum
4. Lakukan pengecekan dan perbaikan error yang
ada (klik kanan di project dan pilih Resolve
Reference Problem)
5. Build dan jalankan program
6. Pelajari dengan baik source codenya

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Tugas
 Kembangkan aplikasi java berbasis GUI yang mengakses database
MySQL. Fitur utama dari aplikasi adalah kemampuan untuk CRUD
(create, read (listing), update, delete) data dari database MySQL dan
fitur transaksi serta reporting. Gunakan lebih dari satu table
 Pilih aplikasi dari list di bawah (digit terakhir NIM):
1. Aplikasi Online Penjualan Buku 6. Aplikasi Sirkulasi Perpustakaan
2. Aplikasi Online Penjualan Handphone 7. Aplikasi Rental Mobil
3. Aplikasi Online Pengelolaan KRS 8. Aplikasi Penjualan Handphone
4. Aplikasi Online Penjualan Tiket Pesawat 9. Aplikasi Penjualan CD Musik
5. Aplikasi Online Penjualan Tiket Kereta 0. Aplikasi Sewa PC

 Kirimkan file-file di bawah ke [email protected] subject email

[OOP5-Universitas] Nama-NIM
• Source project netbeans dari aplikasi yang dibuat
• Ekspor (dumped) database MySQL (*.sql)
 Deadline: 2 Minggu
 Nyontek akan diberi nilai 0
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Referensi
1. Sharon Zakhour et al, The Java Tutorial Fourth Edition,
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial
2. Cay Horstmann, Big Java: Earl Objects 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons,
2013
3. Deitel & Deitel, Java Howto Program 9th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2012
4. Richard M. Reese, Oracle Certified Associate Java SE 7 Programmer
Study Guide, Packt Publishing, 2012
5. Walter Savitch, Absolute Java 5th Edition, Pearson Education, 2013
6. Mark Allen Weiss, Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in Java 3rd
Edition, Pearson Education, 2012
7. Anany Levitin, Introduction to the Design and Analysis of Algorithms
3rd Edition, Pearson Education, 2012
8. Ying Bai, Practical Database Programming with Java, John Wiley &
Sons, 2011
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