The modulation system used for telegraphy is A.

FDM
B. Space multiplexing
A. frequency-shift keying C. TDM
B. two-tone modulation D. Statistical multiplexing
C. pulse-code modulation
D. single-tone modulation Digital modulation technique used in modems.

One type of pulse communications system uses A. ASK

pulse that appear as a group, and which vary in B. PSK
number according to the loudness of the voice. C. FSK
This type of pulse modulation is called D. All of these

A. pulse duration modulation Which does not affect noise in a channel?

B. pulse amplitude modulation
C. pulse code modulation A. None of these
D. pulse position modulation B. Bandwidth
C. Temperature
D. Quantizing level
The process of assigning PCM codes to absolute
magnitudes What is the advantage of PTM over PAM?

A. Overloading A. Simpler to generate

B. All of these B. Low sampling rate is required
C. Quantizing C. Much better noise immunity
D. Multiplexing D. All of these

Quantization noise is caused by What is the reason why companding is

employed in PCM systems?
A. binary coding techniques
B. serial transmission errors A. To overcome impulse noise in PCM receivers
C. the synchronization between encoder and decoder B. To allow amplitude limiting in the receivers
D. the approximation of the quantized signal C. To solve quantizing noise problem
D. To protect small signals in PCM from quantizing
One of the reasons why FDM is being replaced distortion
by TDM is
Highest theoretical frequency that can be
processed at a sampling rate without aliasing.
A. noise is amplified with voice when an FDM system
is used
B. it is difficult to place channels side by side A. Folding frequency
C. there is more time than frequency B. Resonant frequency
D. Most available frequencies have been used C. Natural frequency
D. Critical frequency
A seven-bit character can represent one of
_________ possibilities. The sinusoidal carrier is pulsed so that one of
the binary states is represented by a carrier
while the other is represented by its absence.
A. 14
B. 64
C. 128 A. FSK
D. 7 B. ASK
C. PSK
Digital transmission provides a higher level of D. QAM
signal quality than analog transmission because
Used for time division multiplexing.
A. repeaters regenerate digital pulses and remove
distortion A. Frequency modulation
B. digital signals are easier to sample than analog B. Pulsed modulation
signals C. SSB
C. digital signals are smaller than analog signals and D. Amplitude modulation
cannot easily be distorted
D. analog signals are continuous and not easily Modulation in which no signal is present
distorted. between pulses

A. Pulse modulation
Multiplexing scheme use by baseband B. QAM
transmission. C. PSK
D. FSK
The modulation technique used by GSM cellular It refers to the time required for a signal to
system complete one cycle.
a.) Wavelength
A. Phase shift keying
b.) Frequency
B. Frequency shift keying
C. Gaussian minimum shift keying c.) Amplitude
D. QAM
d.) Period
Is the total useful information processed or
communicated over a specific amount of time
A modulation which is amplitude modulated
A. Baud rate that consist of recurrent pulses.
B. Bit rate
a.) PAM
C. Information theory
D. Throughput b.) PWM
c.) PPM
In data communication the transmission of
binary signals will require _______. d.) AM

A. Same bandwidth as analog Transmission of information through a

B. More bandwidth than analog communication modem is intended to transmit
C. Less bandwidth than analog digital information over which of the following
D. Bigger cable diameter type of communication
The ratio of frequencies is termed. medium?
a.) Digital
A. interval b.) Hybrid
B. octave
C. harmonics c.) Radio
D. factor d.) Analog

Which of the following is oldest multiplexing

scheme? What do you call a circuit in PCM wherein the
instantaneous sinusoidal wave is regular
A. Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) sample and converted to a discrete amplitude
B. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) levels?
C. Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) a.) analog to digital converter
D. Space Division Multiplexing (SDM)
b.) sample and hold
It is a form of amplitude modulation where c.) modem
signals from two separate information sources
modulate the same carrier frequency at the d.) multiplexer
same time without interfering with each other.
Communication through the use of a modem is
a. QPSK transmission of__________ data information in
b. QUAM ____________ medium.
c. PSK
d. FSK a.) Analog, analog
b.) Analog, digital
Quadrature amplitude modulation is also
c.) Digital, analog
known as
d.) Digital, digital
a. phase division multiplexing
b. phase division modulation
In data transmission technology, signals such
c. phase amplitude multiplexing
as voice or video are binary transmitted over a
d. phase angle modulation
cable known as_________.
a.) Video signals
A PCM has a 30 kHz sampling frequency. What
is the maximum input frequency? b.) Cable signals
c.) Baseband signals
a.) 15 kHz d.) Audio signals
b.) 60 kHz
c.) 45 kHz What is the process in radio communication
where information or intelligence signal at a
d.) 30 kHz
lower frequency is put unto higher radio
frequency for transmission to receiving station?
a.) Detection Which of the following modulating system is
inherently most noise resistant?
b.) Mixing
a. PCM
c.) Modulation
b. PPM
d.) Demodulation
c. FM
d. DSB
Type of multi-channel transmission in the optic
fiber communication that uses a twisted pair
coupler to transmit two signals of different
A type of RF modulation technique in which the
wavelengths.
frequency of an analog signal is varied in
accordance with the variations in the amplitude
of a digital signal.
a.) Frequency-division multiplexing
a. PAM
b.) Forward-division multiplexing
b. FSK
c.) Pulse-code multiplexing
c. FM
d.) Time-division multiplexing
d. PDM

What is the transmission of data through a

different time slots? Group 3 fax uses what type of modulation?
a.) TDM a. QAM
b.) FDM b. PSK
c.) WDM c. Vestigial sideband
d.) CDM d. FM

What type of filter is used in the IF section of Which of the following is most affected by
receivers to block energy outside a certain noise?
frequency range?
a. PSK
b. ASK
▪ A. An input filter
c. FSK
▪ B. A low-pass filter d. QAM

▪ C. A band-pass filter
Quantization noise can be reduced by
▪ D. A high-pass filter

a. taken samples at a faster rate

_________is an analog modulation scheme in b. using a PCM system
which the amplitude of a relatively high-
frequency carrier signal is varied in accordance c. increasing the number of levels during
with the instantaneous amplitude of an sampling
information signal. d. using higher amplitude signals

▪ A. Pulse Modulation An AC transmission path has the characteristics

of _________.
▪ B. QAM
a) A Low-Pass Filter
▪ C. Angle Modulation b) A High-Pass Filter
▪ D. Amplitude Modulation c) A band-pass Filter
d) Both (a) and (b)

A TDM system
The data transmission rate of a modem is
a. needs lower bandwidth measured in ______.
b. gives low signal to noise ratio
c. uses simple circuits as compared to FDM systems a) Bytes Per Second
d. none of the choices b) Baud Rate
c) Bits Per Second
d) Megahertz
In amplitude modulation _____. ASK, PSK, FSK, and QAM are examples of
_________ encoding.
a) Carrier Frequency is Changed
b) Carrier Amplitude is Changed
a. Digital-to-digital
c) Three Sidebands are Produced b. Digital-to-analog
c. Analog-to –analog
d) Fidelity is Improved
d. Analog-to-digital

When amplitude modulation is varied to Unipolar, bipolar, and polar encoding are types
represent information, the method is called of ____encoding.
_____.
a. Digital-to-digital
a) PCM
b. Digital-to-analog
b) PWM c. Analog-to-analog
c) PAM d. Analog-to-digital

d) PPM PCM is an example of ___ encoding.

a. Digital-to-digital
What is a period of a wave? b. Digital-to-analog
a) The number of degrees in one cycle c. Analog-to –analog
d. Analog-to-digital
b) The number of zeros crossing in one cycle
c) The amplitude of a wave In QAM, both phase and ________ of a carrier
frequency are varied.
d) The time required to complete one cycle

a. Amplitude
Steps to follow to produce PCM signal. b. Frequency
c. Bit rate
a) quantizing, sampling & coding
d. Baud rate
b) sampling, quantizing, & coding
Which of the following is most affected by
c) sampling, coding, & quantizing
noise?
d) coding, quantizing, & coding
a. PSK
b. ASK
The series of periodically recurrent pulses is
c. FSK
modulated in amplitude by the corresponding
d. QAM
instantaneous samples.
a. PFM If the frequency spectrum of a signal has a
b. PWM bandwidth of 500 Hz with the highest
frequency at 600 Hz, what should be the
c. PDM sampling rate according to the Nyquist
d. PAM theorem?

a. 200 samples/sec
The sinusoidal carrier is pulsed so that one of b. 500 samples/sec
the binary states is represented by a carrier c. 1000 samples/sec
while the other is represented by its absence. d. 1200 samples/sec
a. FSK
b. ASK If the baud rate is 400 for a 4-PSK, the bit rate
c. PSK is ______ bps.

d. QAM
a. 100
b. 400
Modulation in which no signal is present c. 800
between pulses. d. 1600

Determine the channel capacity of a 4 kHz

a. Pulse modulation channel with S/N = 10 dB.

b. QAM
a. 8.02 kbps
c. PSK b. 4.17 kbps
d. FSK c. 13.74 kbps
d. 26.58 kbps
 a. 5.0 V
If the bit rate for an ASK signal is 1200 bps, the b. 0.5 V
baud rate is c. 0.005 V
d. 0.05 V
a. 300 Determine the bandwidth efficiency for QPSK
b. 400 modulation scheme at a transmission rate of 10
c. 600 Mbps.
d. 1200
a. 2 bits/cycle
Which encoding method uses alternating b. 4 bits/cycle
positive and negative values for 1’s? c. 8 bits/cycle
d. 16 bits/cycle
a. NRZ-I
b. RZ Which of the following modems uses FSK
c. Manchester modulation?
d. AMI
a. Bell 103
b. Bell 201
If the maximum value of a PCM signal is 31 c. Bell 212
and the minimum value is -31, how many bits d. All of the above
were used for coding?
For a binary phase shift keying (BPSK)
a. 4 modulation with a carrier frequency of 80 MHz
b. 5 and an input bit rate of 10 Mbps. Determine the
c. 6 minimum Nyquist bandwidth.
d. 7
Deliberate violations of alternate mark a. 40 MHz
inversion are used in which type of digital-to- b. 10 MHz
digital encoding? c. 20 MHz
d. 50 MHz
a. AMI
b. B8ZS For a quaternary phase shift keying (QPSK)
c. RZ modulation, data with a carrier frequency of 70
d. Manchester MHz, and input bit rate of 10 Mbps, determine
the minimum Nyquist bandwidth.
RZ encoding involves _______ levels of signal
amplitude. a. 10 MHz
b. 5 MHz
a. 1 c. 20 MHz
b. 3 d. 40 MHz
c. 4
d. 5 12 voice channels are sampled at 8000
sampling rate and encoded into 8-bit PCM word.
If the transmission rate of a digital Determine the rate of the data stream.
communication system of 10 Mbps modulation
scheme used in 16-QAM, determined the a. 768 kbps
bandwidth efficiency. b. 12 kbps
c. 12.8 kbps
d. 46.08 kbps
a. 16 bits/cycle
b. 4 bits/cycle A binary digital signal is to be transmitted at
c. 8 bits/cycle
10 Kbits/s; what absolute minimum bandwidth
d. 2 bits/cycle
is required to pass the fastest information
change undistorted?
For digital communications, determine the
signal to noise ratio in dB which would be
required for an ideal channel with a bandwidth a. 5 kHz
of 2500 Hz. b. 10 kHz
c. 20 kHz
d. 2.5 kHz
a. 5
b. 9.54 dB
For sample rate of 30 kHz in a PCM system,
c. 4.77 dB determine the maximum analog input
d. 3.4
frequency.
For a PCM system with a maximum decoded
voltage at the receiver of ±2.55 V and minimum a. 30 kHz
dynamic range of 46 dB, determine the b. 15 kHz
maximum quantization error. c. 60 kHz
d. 45 kHz.
 d. the 60 Hertz power line
It is a process of converting an infinite number
of possibilities to a finite number of conditions. It is also known as digital modulation

a. Sampling a. Digital transmission

b. Coding b. Digital sampling
c. Quantization c. Digital radio
d. Aliasing d. Data transmission

The baud rate It is a numerical indication of how efficiently a

PCM code is utilized
a. is always equal to the bit transfer rate
b. is equal to twice the bandwidth of an ideal channel a. Coding efficiency
c. is not equal to the signaling rate b. Companding
d. is equal to one – half the bandwidth of an ideal c. Pre-emphasis
channel d. Dynamic Range

A digital modulation technique which is a form Type of PCM which is designed to take
of constant – amplitude angle modulation advantage of the sample-to-sample
similar to standard frequency modulation redundancies in the typical speech waveform
except the modulating signal is binary signal
that varies between two discreet voltage levels. a. Single – bit PCM code
b. Pulse Code Modulation
a. QAM c. Differential PCM
b. ASK d. Delta modulation
c. PSK
d. FSK A form of angle – modulated, constant
amplitude digital modulation similar to
Start and stop bits, respectively, are conventional phase modulation except its input
is binary digital signal and there are limited
a. Mark, space numbers of output phase possible.
b. Space, mark
c. Space, space a. ASK
d. Mark, mark b. PSK
c. FSK
The most common method used for sampling d. QAM
voice signals in PCM systems
It is simply the data rate at which serial PCM
a. unnatural sampling bits are clocked out of the PCM encoder onto
b. flat top sampling the transmission line.
c. natural sampling
d. free sampling a. line speed
b. baud rate
In PCM, it converts the PAM sampled to parallel c. output rate
PCM codes d. bit rate

a. Analog-to-Digital converter A quantizing is _______.

b. Digital-to-analog converter
c. Pre-emphasis circuit a. Multiplexer
d. Compander b. Demultiplexer
c. A/D converter
The OSI layer that provides the control d. D/A converter
functions necessary to establish, manage and
terminated the connections as required to Refers to the rate of change of a signal on a
satisfy the user request. transmission medium after encoding and
modulation have occurred
a. Application layer
b. Network layer a. baud rate
c. Session layer b. phase shift
d. Physical layer c. bit rate
d. frequency deviation
In PAM demultiplexing, the receiver clock is
derived from The magnitude difference between adjacent
steps in quantization is called __________.
a. standard radio station WWV
b. a highly accurate internal oscillator a. Quantum
c. the PAM signal itself b. Step size
c. Resolution Part of the PCM system that prevents aliasing
d. Any of these or foldover distortion

What is the bandwidth required to transmit at a a. Bandpass filter

rate of 10 Mbps in the presence of a 28-bd S/N b. Anti – foldover distortion
ratio? c. Anti – aliasing
d. Any of these
a. 1.075 MHz
b. 10 MHz It is defined as the process of transforming
c. 5 MHz messages or signals in accordance with a
d. 10.5 MHz definite set of rules.

The slope of the analog signal is greater than a. Quantizing

the delta modulator can maintain b. Sampling
c. Coding
a. overload distortion d. Decoding
b. granular noise
c. slope overload The PCM code for each channel occupies a fixed
d. peak limiting time slot called

A carrier recovery is needed with a. Frame time

b. Baud
a. FSK c. Transmission time
b. BPSK d. Epoch
c. DPSK
d. QAM The number of amplitude, frequency, or phase
changes that take place per second is known as
Pulse – amplitude modulation signals are the
multiplexed by using
a. data rate in bits per second
a. Subcarrier b. frequency of operation
b. Bandpass filters c. speed limit
c. A/D converters d. baud rate
d. FET switches
The basic modulator and demodulator circuits
in PSK are
The biggest disadvantage of PCM is
a. PLLs
a. its inability to handle analog signals b. Balanced modulators
b. the high error rate which is quantizing noise c. Shift registers
introduces d. Linear summers
c. its incompatibility with TDM
d. the large bandwidths that are required for it Information capacity is convenient to express
as
Mark and space refer respectively to
a. baud
a. dot and dash
b. message and interval b. bits
c. binary 1 and binary 0
d. on and off
c. dot length
Pulse width modulation may be generated
d. bits per second or bps
a. by differentiating pulse position modulation
b. with a monostable multivibrator Sampling technique that when the tops of the
c. by integrating the signal sample pulses retain their natural shape during
d. with a free running multivibrator the sample interval

A transmission of binary data which involves

a. unnatural sampling
the transmission of two non – zero voltage
b. flat top sampling
level
c. natural sampling
d. free sampling
a. Unipolar
b. Polar A form of digital modulation similar to PSK
c. Bipolar except the digital information is contained in
d. Non – return to zero both the amplitude and the phase of the
transmitted carrier.
a. ASK c. 28 kHz
b. FSK d. 112 kHz
c. QAM Type of PCM that uses single-bit PCM code to
d. PSK achieve digital transmission of analog signals

For the 16-PSK and a transmission system with a. Adaptive delta modulation
a 10kHz bandwidth, determine the maximum b. Pulse code modulation
bit rate c. Differential modulation
d. Delta modulation
a. 40,000 bps
b. 80,000 bps It is a delta modulation system where the step
c. 20,000 bps size of the digital-to-analog converter is
d. 16,000 bps automatically varied, depending on the analog
input signal.
The type of modulation most often used with
direct-sequence spread spectrum is
a. Adaptive Delta Modulation
b. PCM
a. QAM c. Differential modulation
b. SSB d. Delta modulation
c. FSK
d. PSK A QAM modulator does not use ____.
In order to reduce quantizing noise, one must
a. XNOR
b. Bit Splitter
a. increase the number of standard amplitudes c. Balanced modulator
b. send pulses whose sides are more nearly vertical d. 2-to-4 level converter
c. use an RF amplifier at the receiver
d. increase the number of samples per second It is a form of phase-division multiplexing
where two data channels modulate the same
Companding is used carrier frequency that is shifted 90 degrees in
phase.
a. to overcome quantizing noise in PCM
b. in PCM transmitters, to allow amplitude limiting in a. PSK
the receiver b. FSK
c. to protect small signals in PCM form quantizing c. QAM
distortion d. ASK
d. in PCM receivers, to overcome impulse noise
One eight-bit PCM code is called
Transmitting data as serial binary word is
called _______.
a. FDM frame
b. TDM time slot
a. digital communications c. TDM frame
b. quantizing d. FDM time slot
c. PAM
d. PCM A transmission of binary data which involves
the transmission of only a single non-zero
Emphasizing low-level signals and compressing voltage level.
higher level signals is called

a. Unipolar
a. quantizing b. Bipolar
b. companding c. Polar
c. pre-emphasis d. Non-return to zero
d. sampling
If the active time of the binary pulse is less
Sixteen different levels (symbols) are used to than 100% of the bit time
encode binary data. The channel bandwidth is
36 MHz. The maximum channel capacity is A. Non return to zero
B. Bipolar
a. 18 Mbps C. Unipolar
b. 72 Mbps D. Return to zero
c. 288 Mbps
d. 2.176 Gbps It is a popular type of line encoding that
produces a strong timing component for clock
What is the minimum bandwidth required to recovery and does not cause wandering
transmit a 56 kbps binary signal with no noise?

A. Digital biphase
a. 14 kHz B. diphase
b. 56 kHz
C. Manchester code A. bit rate is greater than baud
D. Any of these B. bit rate is always less than the baud
C. bit rate is never greater than the baud
In a PAM/TDM system, keeping the multiplexer D. bit rate is slightly less than the baud
and DEMUX channels step with one another is
done by a A common method of achieving carrier recovery
for BPSK
A. clock recovery circuit
B. sync pulse A. Trellis code
C. sampling B. Bandwidth efficiency
D. sequencer C. Squaring loop
D. Carrier recovery
Which of the following is correct?
What is the relationship of bit rate and baud in
A. The bit rate may be greater than the baud rate FSK and PSK?
B. The baud rate may be greater than the bit rate
C. The bit and baud rate are always the same A. greater than
D. The bit and baud rates are not related B. slightly greater than
C. less than
The magnitude of a quantum in quantization of D. equal
PCM codes.
For a single-channel PCM system with a sample
A. Maximum decodable voltage rate of 6000 samples per second and a seven-
B. Dynamic range bit compressed PCM code, what is the line
C. Resolution speed?
D. Coding level
A. 21,000 bps
Higher order TDM levels are obtained by B. 42,000 bps
C. 14,000 bps
A. dividing pulse widths D. 12,000 bps
B. using the a-law
C. using u-law In delta modulation, the modulator is
D. forming supermastergroups sometimes called _____.

Results when the sample exceeds the highest A. continuous ADC

quantization interval B. tracking ADC
C. variable slope ADC
A. Overload distortion D. slope ADC
B. Quantization error
C. Quantization noise For an 8-PSK system, operating with an
D. Granular noise information bit rate of 24 kbps, determine the
bandwidth efficiency
The carrier used with a BPSK demodulator is
A. 8 bits/cycle
A. Generated by an oscillator B. 2 bits/cycle
B. The BPSK signal itself C. 3 bits/cycle
C. Twice the frequency of the transmitted carrier D. 4 bits/cycle
D. Recovered from the BPSK signal
Element of a PCM system that periodically
In digital modulation, if the information signal samples the analog input signal and converts
is digital and the amplitude of the carrier is those samples to a multilevel PAM signal
varied proportional to the information signal.
A. Bandpass filter
A. Quaternary Shift Keying (QAM) B. Sample-and-hold circuit
B. Phase Shift Keying (PSK) C. Analog-to-digital converter
C. Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) D. Digital-to-analog converter
D. Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
Quadrature amplitude modulation is
Slow speed modems
A. Amplitude modulation only
A. FSK B. QPSK only
B. BPSK C. AM plus QPSK
C. QPSK D. AM plus FSK
D. QAM
The most common modulation system used for
What is the relationship of bit rate and baud in telegraphy is
QPSK and 8-PSK?
A. frequency-shift keying In Delta Modulation, the bit rate is
B. two-tone modulation
C. pulse-code modulation A. n times the sampling frequency
D. single-tone modulation B. n times the modulating frequency
C. n times the Nyquist criteria
In digital modulation, it is similar to standard D. none of the above
amplitude modulation except there is only two
amplitudes possible In Differential Pulse Code Modulation
techniques, the decoding is performed by
A. frequency shift keying
B. quaternary amplitude modulation A. accumulator
C. amplitude shift keying B. sampler
D. phase shift keying C. PLL
D. quantizer
A 9600-baud rate signal can pass over the voice
grade telephone line if which kind of Granular noise occurs when
modulation is used?

A. step size is too small

A. BPSK B. step size is too large
B. QPSK C. there is interference from the adjacent channel
C. DPSK D. bandwidth is too large
D. QAM
The digital modulation technique in which the
The modulation system inherently most noise- step size is varied according to the variation in
resistant is the slope of the input is called

A. SSB, suppressed carrier A. delta modulation

B. frequency modulation B. PCM
C. pulse-position modulation C. adaptive delta modulation
D. pulse-code modulation D. pam
It is the most prevalent encoding technique The digital modulation scheme in which the
used for TDM signals step size is not fixed is

A. PAM A. delta modulation

B. PLM B. adaptive delta modulation
C. PPM C. dpcm
D. PCM D. pcm
The process of converting the analog sample In Adaptive Delta Modulation, the slope error
into discrete form is called reduces and

A. modulation A. quantization error decreases

B. multiplexing B. quantization error increases
C. quantization C. quantization error remains same
D. sampling D. none of the above
The expression for bandwidth BW of a PCM Polar coding is a technique in which
system, where v is the number of bits per
sample and FM is the modulating frequency, is
given by A. 1 is transmitted by a positive pulse and 0 is
transmitted by negative pulse
B. 1 is transmitted by a positive pulse and 0 is
A. bw ≥ vfm transmitted by zero volts
B. bw ≤ vfm C. both a & b
C. bw ≥ 2 vfm D. none of the above
D. bw ≥ 1/2 vfm
The polarities in NRZ format use
In digital transmission, the modulation
technique that requires minimum bandwidth is
A. complete pulse duration
B. half duration
A. delta modulation C. both positive as well as negative value
B. pcm D. each pulse is used for twice the duration
C. dpcm
D. pam
The format in which the positive half interval C. filters are not available
pulse is followed by a negative half interval D. none of the above
pulse for transmission of ‘1’ is
ASK modulated signal has the bandwidth
A. polar nrz format
B. bipolar nrz format A. same as the bandwidth of baseband signal
C. manchester format B. half the bandwidth of baseband signal
D. none of the above C. double the bandwidth of baseband signal
D. none of the above
The maximum synchronizing capability in
coding techniques is present in In Binary Phase Shift Keying system, the
binary symbols 1 and 0 are represented by
A. manchester format carrier with phase shift of
B. polar nrz
C. polar rz A. Π/2
D. polar quaternary nrz B. Π
C. 2Π
The advantage of using Manchester format of D. None of these
coding is
BPSK system modulates at the rate of
A. power saving
B. polarity sense at the receiver A. 1 bit/ symbol
C. noise immunity B. 2 bit/ symbol
D. none of the above C. 4 bit/ symbol
D. none of the above
Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI) is also known
as The binary waveform used to generate BPSK
signal is encoded in
A. pseudo ternary coding
B. manchester coding A. bipolar nrz format
C. polar nrz format B. manchester coding
D. none of the above C. differential coding
In DPSK technique, the technique used to D. none of the above
encode bits is
The bandwidth of BFSK is _________ than
A. ami BPSK.
B. differential code
C. uni polar rz format A. lower
D. manchester format B. same
C. higher
D. not predictable
In Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI) is
The frequency shifts in the BFSK usually lies in
A. 0 is encoded as positive pulse and 1 is encoded as the range
negative pulse
B. 0 is encoded as no pulse and 1 is encoded as A. 50 to 1000 Hz
negative pulse B. 100 to 2000 Hz
C. 0 is encoded as negative pulse and 1 is encoded C. 200 to 500 Hz
as positive pulse D. 500 to 10 Hz
D. 0 is encoded as no pulse and 1 is encoded as
positive or negative pulse The spectrum of BFSK may be viewed as the
sum of
The number of bits of data transmitted per
second is called A. two ask spectra
B. two psk spectra
A. data signaling rate C. two fsk spectra
B. modulation rate D. none of the above
C. coding
D. none of the above The maximum bandwidth is occupied by

A. ask
The difficulty in achieving the Nyquist criterion B. bpsk
for system design is C. fsk
D. none of the above
A. there are abrupt transitions obtained at edges of
the bands
B. bandwidth criterion is not easily achieved
QPSK is a modulation scheme where each A. does, does not
symbol consists of B. does not, does
C. does, does
A. 4 bits D. does not, does not
B. 2 bits
C. 1 bits The relation between the probability of bit error
D. m number of bits, depending upon the and probability of symbol error in M-ary
requirements orthogonal signalling is

The data rate of QPSK is _______ of BPSK. A. m/m-1

B. 2m/m-1
A. thrice C. (m/2)/m-1
B. four times D. m/m+1
C. twice Performance of BFSK signal is than BPSK.
D. same
A. 3 dB worse
QPSK system uses a phase shift of B. 3 dB better
C. 6 dB worse
A. Π D. 6 dB better
B. Π/2
C. Π/4
D. 2Π

Which modulation scheme is also called as on-

off keying method?

A. ask
B. fsk
C. psk
D. gmsk

In differential PSK the date is

A. encoded differentially
B. decoded differentially
C. encoded & decoded differentially
D. none of the mentioned

M-ary signaling produces error performance

with orthogonal signaling and error
performance with multiple phase signaling.

A. degraded, improved
B. improved, degraded
C. improved, improved
D. degraded, degraded

In which system, bit stream is portioned into

even and odd stream?

A. bpsk
B. msk
C. qpsk
D. fsk

The error performance of MPSK as M or k

increases.

A. increases
B. decreases
C. stays constant
D. none of the mentioned

In MPSK adding new signals make it vulnerable

to noise and in MFSK ______ make it
vulnerable.
 A common method of achieving carrier recovery for
BPSK.
The first digital code was the: Squaring loop
Morse code
It is used to compare two or more digital modulation
Advantage of digital over analog transmission. systems that use different transmission rates,
Noise immunity modulation scheme or encoding techniques.
Energy per bit-to-noise power density ratio
In delta modulation, “granular noise” is produced
when: High-frequency radioteletype systems commonly
the signal does not change use:
FSK
Which coding scheme requires DC continuity:
unipolar NRZ In digital modulation, such as FSK, the rate of
change of frequency at the input is called
Refers to the rate of change of a signal on a bit rate
transmission medium after encoding and modulation 37. The fundamental frequency of a binary square
have occurred. wave.
Baud rate 1/2-bit rate
Form of angle modulated constant envelope digital
What is the relationship of bit rate and baud in FSK modulation.
and PSK? Phase-shift keying
Equal
The threshold point of QPSK system is
What is the relationship of bit rate and baud in QPSK + or – 0.785
and 8-PSK?
Bit rate is greater than baud A form of digital modulation similar to PSK, it
transmits 2 separate information signals using 2 AM
A digital modulation technique also known as “on-off” carriers at the same frequency but differ in phase by
keying. 90O.
Amplitude Shift Keying or ASK QAM

From of digital modulation using its modulation signal The term used to define jitter above 10 Hz is _____.
(a binary pulse stream) that varies between two Wander
discrete voltage levels.
FSK He is credited with inventing PCM in 1937.
Alex H. Reeves
In FSK, a figure of merit used to express the degree
of modulation. In PCM, the circuit that periodically samples the
H-factor analog input and converts it to PAM.
Sample and hold
Most common modulation technique used for radio
telegraphy. In PCM, it converts the PAM samples to parallel PCM
FSK codes.
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
It is a type of FSK where the mark and space
frequencies are synchronized with the input binary Modern digital systems use a _____ to demodulate a
rate. PAM signal.
Continuous-Phase Frequency-Shift Keying or LPF
CPFSK
A signal which varies between 3 levels.
The most common circuit used for demodulating Bipolar code
binary FSK signals.
Phase locked loop Variation of the PCM that uses a single but PCM code.
Delta modulation
A form of digital modulation similar to PSK except
the digital information is contained in both the In delta modulation method, what causes error in the
amplitude and the phase of the transmitted carrier. demodulated signal?
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Slope overload
The disadvantage of PC systems is that
For an 8-PSK system, operating with an information it requires a large bandwidth
bit rate of 24 kbps, determine the bandwidth
efficiency. Companding is employed in PCM system
3 bits/cycle to protect small signals from quantizing
distortion
For a 16-PSK and a transmission system with a 10
kHz bandwidth, determine the maximum bit rate. An integrated circuit that performs the PCM encoding
40,000 bps and decoding functions.
Codec
Method of encoding audio signals used in US
standard 1.544 Mbps 24-channel PCM system. One eight-bit PCM code is called
Mu-law TDM frame

A digital modulation technique in which the polarity A transmission of binary data which involves the
of the transmitted pulse indicates whether the transmission of two non-zero voltage level.
demodulator output should rise or fall at each pulse. Bipolar
Delta modulation
It can be used to categorize the type of transmission.
In PCM sampling, the time when the FET is “on” is Duty cycle
called
Acquisition If the active time of the binary pulse if less than
100% of the bit time.
The most common method used for sampling voice Return to zero (RZ)
signals in PCM systems.
Flat-top sampling What is the category of data transmission if the
binary pulse is maintained for the entire bit time.
What is the result if the input of the ADC is changing Non return to zero (NRZ)
while performing conversion?
Aperture distortion Variation of biphase that is used for encoding SMPTE
(Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)
The result whenever the sampling rate is less than time code data and for recording on video tapes.
twice the highest audio frequency. Biphase-M
Alias or Foldover distortion
The OSI layer that is responsible for the transmission
It is a process of converting an infinite number of of bits.
possibilities to a fine number of conditions. Physical layer
Quantization
The magnitude of a quantum in quantization of PCM The OSI layer that manages traffic on the link.
codes. Data link layer
Resolution The OSI layer that has inter-host communication.
Session layer
It is a numerical indication of how efficiently a PCM
code is utilized. The OSI layer that accepts and structures the
Coding efficiency message for the application.
Presentation
BW efficiency is also known as
information capacity The OSIL layer that serves as an interface for the
user to the network.
Type of PCM that uses single-bit PCM code to achieve Application layer
digital transmission of analog signals.
Delta modulation The OSI layer that is task with the end-to-end
accountability through a network.
A digital modulation technique that does not need to Network layer
recover the phase coherent carrier.
Differential phase shift keying The OSI layer that ensures and controls the end-to-
end integrity of data message, by providing reliable,
transparent transfer of data.
The slope of the analog signal is greater than the Transport layer
delta modulator can maintain.
Slope overload Synchronous modes use what modulation technique?
PSK and QAM
In is a delta modulation system where the step size
of the Digital-to-Analog converter is automatically Asynchronous data modulation.
varied, depending on the analog input signal. FSK
Adaptive Delta Modulation
Digital modulation scheme modems commonly used
The type of PCM which is designed to take advantage PSK
of the sample-to-sample redundancies in the typical
speech waveform. What refers to the sampling of analog signal using a
Differential PCM sample and hold circuit, such that the sample has the
same amplitude for its whole duration
It is a form of phase-division multiplexing where two
data channels modulate the same carrier frequency
that is shifted 90 degrees in phase. ANSWER: flat top sample
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation or QAM

It is the most prevalent encoding technique used for

TDM signals.
Pulse Code Modulation or PCM