Safety Icons and Symbols

SAFETY SYMBOL HAZARD EXAMPLES PRECAUTION

DISPOSAL Special disposal Substances, shattered Dispose wastes as of directed
considerations glass, living by your teacher
required organisms such as
bacteria, protists, or
fungus cultures

Organisms or organic Bacteria, fungus, Avoid skin contact with

BIOLOGICAL materials that can harm blood,raw organs, organisms ormaterial.
humans plant material Wear dust mask or gloves.
Washhands
thoroughly
EXTREME HEAT Materials thatcan burn Boiling solutions, hot Use properprotection
skinby being very cold plates, liquid nitrogen, when handling. Remove
or very hot dry ice, all flames flammablesnear open
flames or spark
sources
SHARP OBJECT Use of apparatuses or Razor blade, scalpel, Practice goodjudgment
glassware that can easily nails, push pins, etc. behavior andfollow
woundor cut skin procedures for the use of
tools
FUME Potential danger to Ammonia, burning Make sure there is good
olfactory tractfrom sulfur,moth balls, nail ventilation and never smell
fumes polish remover, fumes directly
acetone, other volatile
substances
ELECTRICAL Possible danger from Improper grounding, Double-checksetup with
electrical shock or burn liquid spills, short instructor.
circuits Check condition of wires
and
apparatus
CORROSIVE Substances (acids and Acid such as vinegar, Wear goggles and an apron
bases) that can eat away hydrochloric acid,
flesh (tissue) and other hydrogenperoxide,
materials sodium hydroxide
TOXIC Noxiou chemicals Mercury, manymetal Follow your teacher
that can be compounds, instructions.
acquired through skin iodine, poinsettia Always wash hands
absorption, inhalation, leaves thoroughlyafter use
oringestion

RADIOACTIVE Radioactive Uranium, thorium, Be careful inhandling.

substances such as plutonium andother Notify yourteacher of
uranium and elements that emit spills or excess
plutonium radiation substances
FLAMMABLE Combustible Alcohol, powders, Avoid heat and flame
materials thatmay kerosene, potassium sources. Beaware of
catch fireif permanganate locations of fire safety
exposed to an equipment
open flameor
spark
HYGIENE Always washyour hands
after completing an
experiment.

Basic Lab Apparatus and Equipment’s

Microscope- is an apparatus that produces enlarged images of very minute organisms Or objects, allowing the
observer a remarkably close view of tiny form and appearance at a scale convenient for examination and analysis.

Incubator- A heated, insulated box that maintains optimal temperature, humidity and other conditions such as the carbon
dioxide and oxygen content of the atmosphere inside. It is a device used to grow and maintain microbiological cultures or
cell cultures.

Micropipette- is a standard type of laboratory equipment that is used to measure the small volumes of liquids (usually
in microliters). Micropipettes are also used to transfer a small volume of liquids accurately from one vessel to another.
Micropipette works on the principle of air displacement.

Forceps- usually made of high-quality carbon-steel, which guarantees they can withstand repeated sterilization in high-
temperature autoclaves. They aresmall enough to be used or operated while being held in the hand or hands, hinged
instrument used for grasping and holding objects.
Centrifuge- is a laboratory equipment that is applied for the separation of mixtures of fluids (either gas or liquid, based
on density. Separation is attainedby rotating a vessel containing material at a very fast speed; the centrifugal force thrusts
heavier materials to the outside of the container.

Petri dish- A shallow transparent lidded dish. usually cylindrical, meant to be reusable and made of glass, often of heat
resistant. Also known as a Petri plate or cell-culture dish that biotechnologists use for culturing cells or tissues of
microorganisms such as protists, bacteria and fungi.

Mortar and pestle- Compliments one another, a bowl, typically made of hard wood, metal, ceramic, or hard stone, the
other one heavy and blunt club- shaped object. It is used to grind, mesh or crush various substances.

Beaker- A cylindrical container with a flat bottom and also have a small spout(or "beak") to assist in pouring. It is used
for stirring, mixing, heating or for measuring liquids in a variety of laboratory applications.

Digital scale- A transparent enclosure with doors so that dust does not collectand so any air currents in the room do not
affect the balance's operation. It is used to measure the mass of a substance in a remarkably high degree of precision

Bunsen burner- was named after Robert Bunsen, is made entirely of metal barrel with a collar, air holes, gas intake,
gas valve and a stand. When connected to a source of fuel, it can be lit with a spark thus producing a blue flame. In
biotechnology, it is used commonly for heating, sterilizing and disinfecting tools and equipment for the transfer of bacterial
colonies from one agar plate to another

Dropper pipette- A glass tube tapered to a narrow point and fitted witha rubber bulb at the top. It is used is to
transfer with precision small volumes of liquids

Thermometer- A narrow, concealed glass tube containing mercury or alcohol which extends along the tube as it expands. It is
a device that measures temperature or temperature gradient by means of a variety of principles.

Goggles or safety glasses - are types of protective eyewear that usually cover or protect the eye in order to avoid
particulate matter, water or chemicals fromstriking the eyes.

Beaker tongs- designed to grasp and lift laboratory items including hot evaporating dishes, beakers, crucibles, and
other laboratory apparatuses.

Ring stand- comprises of a heavy base and a vertical rod, both usually made of metal. Several accessories, such as clamps
of various types and iron rings can be attached to the rod by thumbscrews at whatever heights and orientations. The
iron stand carries the iron ring with wire gauze when substances or mixtures are being heated in a beaker or
Erlenmeyer flask.

Test tube- laboratory glassware consisting of a finger-like length of glass or clear plastic tubing, open at the top and
closed at the bottom. Test tubes are used in biology and related sciences for handling and culturing all kinds of live
organisms, such as molds, bacteria, seedlings, plant cuttings and many more.

Funnel- a Y-shaped equipment described as wide at the top and slim at the bottom which is used for transferring or guiding
liquid or powder into a small opening.

Gloves- Have separate sheaths or openings for each finger and the thumb. As a form of personal protective equipment
(PPE) gloves protect the user's hands from general hazard. These items may protect from work-related hazards and risks
where the hands are greatly involved in the completion of a task.

Lab gown- Knee-length overcoat which is made from white or light-colored cotton, linen or cotton polyester blend, allowing
it to be washed at high temperature and making it easy to see if it is clean. A lab coat or other protective clothing should be
worn when handling chemicals or biological materials. The lab coat will protect the biotechnologist’s personal clothing and
exposed skin (such as on arms) from contaminants.

Graduated cylinder- It has a narrow cylindrical shape. Each marked line on represents the amount of liquid that has
been measured. It is used to measure liquid volumes accurately. They are widely used in chemistry and biology labs,
where volume of accurately measured liquids needs to be used.

THE DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES

Applications
CLONING is a molecular biology technique which is used Dolly the Sheep
for the creation of genetically identical copy of a cell or an
organism. Clones are organisms that are exact genetic
copies. Every single bit of their DNA is identical. Clones can
occur naturally; identical twins are just one of several
examples. Or they can be made in the laboratory. Dolly, an
adult ewe, was the initial mammal to be cloned from adult
somatic cells by the process of nuclear transfer.
DNA SEQUENCING is a method used to determine the exact order of the • distinguishing areas of DNA
four nucleotide bases – adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine - that associated with features,
make up a strand of DNA. The sequence of bases differs amongst includingspecific diseases or
organisms and codes for their distinctive characteristics. Determining the increased susceptibility to
sequence can assist scientists to compare DNA between organisms, which specific diseases
can help reveal how the organisms are related. It has also supplied an • recognizing gene expression
important tool for determining the thousands of nucleotide variations and how different genes
associated with specific genetic diseases, which may help to better interact
comprehend these diseases and develop treatment. • identification of substances,
individuals and species
CELL AND TISSUE CULTURE are the growth of tissues or cells separate • Formation of many clones from a
from the organism. Tissue culture is a technique of biological research single explant (a cell, organ, or
in which fragmentsof tissue from an animal or plant are transferred to an piece of tissuewhich has been
unnatural environment in which they can continue to survive and transferred from animals or plants
function. It is typically facilitated via useof a liquid, semisolid, or solid to a nutrient medium
growth medium such as broth or agar. • Selection and culturing of
desirable characteristic traits.
• Reproduction without the need for
seeds.
• No constraints on growing plants
due to seasons.
• short production time with long
generation time

CENTRIFUGATION is a method of separating molecules having distinct • Separating chalk powder from
densities by rotating them in a solution around an axis at high speed. water
Centrifugation uses centrifuge, a device that can rapidly spin, to speed up • Removing fat from milk to
this process. It is one of the most helpful and commonly used techniques produce skimmed milk
in the molecular biology laboratory. • The clarification and stabilization
of wine
• Separation of urine components
and blood components

CHROMATOGRAPHY is an important procedure that allows the • In testing water samples and
separation, recognition, and purification of the components of a mixture also checks air quality.
for qualitative and quantitative study. There are four major types of • In food spoilage and additive
chromatography, these are Liquid Chromatography, Gas detection
Chromatography, Thin-Layer Chromatography and Paper
Chromatography • Determining the nutritional
quality of food
• In forensic pathology and crime
scene analysis like examining
blood and hairsamples in a
crime place.
GEL ELECTROPHORESIS is a laboratory procedure applied to isolate
DNA, RNA, or proteins from a mixture according to molecular size. In gel • To obtain a DNA fingerprint for
electrophoresis, the molecules to be separated are driven by an electrical forensic purposes
field through a gel that contains tiny pores. Gel electrophoresis requires
a gel, a slab of Jell-O- like substance. Gels for DNA separation are • To check a PCR reaction.
frequently made from a polysaccharide known as agarose, which comes
as dry, pulverized or powdered flakes. • To scan for genes associated
with a certain diseases

SPECTROPHOTOMETRY involves running statistical analysis, so data

must be in numerical form for accurate measurement of the interaction of • Detection of concentration of
light with different materials. Light can be reflected, transmitted, substances
scattered, or absorbed, and a materialcan emit light, either because it
has absorbed some light and remits it.A spectrophotometer is a • Characterization of proteins
special device that gauges how much lig ht a material absorbs. Every
substance will transmit or reflect back and absorb light slightly • Respiratory gas analysis in
differently. hospitals

• Molecular weight determination

of compounds

• Genetic fingerprinting
POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION, OR PCR, is a method to make numerous • Parental testing – in forensic cases
copies of a definite DNA region in vitro (in a test tube rather than an
organism). PCR tests have become essential for rapid diagnosis and • Formulation of cancer therapy
epidemiology of diseases such as tuberculosis and the new Corona virus treatments
disease. In fact, the development of PCR is arguably the key technology that • Early detection of various types of
has allowed the biotechnology revolution. A verysmall sample of DNA can cancer & HIV
be magnified many times to allow analysis. • DNA sequencing, cloning & gene
expression
NAME: ______________________________________________________ SCORES:_______________________________________
SECTION: _________________________________________________

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided before the number.

1. Suppose your brother accidentally cut his finger with a broken glass. What willyou do?
a. Continue with what you’re doing.
b. Call your mother and tell her what happened.
c. As first aid, put a medicated plaster around his finger.
d. Call the attention of your neighborhood about what happen
2. While reading the procedure of an activity, you happen to come across this icon. What does it m ean?

a. It’s a toy. C. It’s a sign of an electrician.

b. It’s a trademark sign. d. It’s a sign that you will be using electricity in the activity.

3. Given the following laboratory apparatus: graduated cylinder, reagent bottle, test tube and watch glass. Which will you use to get
the volume of water?
a. test tube b. graduated cylinder c. watch glass d. reagent bottle

4. You are asked by your teacher to get the mass of a fruit that will be used in an experiment. What apparatus will you use?
a. Florence flask b. graduated cylinder c. Erlenmeyer’s flask d. digital scale

5. You have come across this icon. What does this mean?
a. It is poisonous. c. It is a metal.
b. It is radioactive d. It is a nonmetal.

6. After completing an experiment, all biological and chemical wastes should be

a. dumped in the sink. c. left at your lab table for the next class
b. taken home. d. disposed as directed by the teacher

7. The desire to maintain a safe laboratory environment for all begins with_____________?
a. prevention b. ubiquity c. microbiology d. accidents

8. Which of the following kind(s) of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is commonly used?
a. Safety glasses b. Lab coats c. Gloves d. All of the above

9. You are heating a piece of glass and now want to pick it up. You should
a. use a rag or paper towels. c. pick up the end that looks cooler
b. use tongs. d. pour cold water on it.

10. Good work practices include,

a. smelling and tasting chemicals inside the lab c. using damaged equipment and glassware.
b. confining long hair and loose clothing d. not washing hands before and after laboratory

11. Incubator and petri dish are commonly used for .

a. growing cultured specimens c. deteriorates cultured specimens
b. exposing cultured specimens d. kill cultures specimens.

12. When you finish experimenting and observing chemicals, biological specimens,or other lab substances, always
a. treat your hands with skin lotion. c. wipe your hands on a towel.
b. wipe your hands on your clothes. d. wash your hands with soap and water

13. Flammable materials, like alcohol, should never be placed or used near
a. an open door. c. another student.
b. an open flame. d. a sink

14. For accurate volume measurements, which is the best piece of equipment to use?
a. beaker b. funnel c. graduated cylinder d. dropper
15. Which piece of equipment is used to see exceedingly small specimens and samples?
a. microscope c. protective googles
b. eyedropper d. magnifying glass

16. Which glass container used to hold, mix, or heat large quantities of solids orliquids?
a. test tube b. petri dish c. forceps d. beaker

17. Which laboratory device is used for the separation of fluids, gas or liquid, based on density?
a. centrifuge b. incubator c. microscope d. petri dish
18. It is a glass lidded container used in biotechnology for culturing micro- organisms
a. evaporating dish b. test tube c. petri dish d. beaker

19. A heated, insulated box that maintains optimal temperature, humidity, and other conditions to grow and
maintain microbiological cultures or cell cultures.
a. Centrifuge b. mortar and pestle c. petri dish d. incubator

20. It is used to measure the mass of a substance in a remarkably high degree ofprecision
a. weighing scale b. digital scale c. fish scale d. thermometer
21. A is a special instrument that measures how much light asubstance absorbs.
a. galvanometer b. spectrophotometer c. thermometer d. speedometer
22. It is a method used to determine the exact order of the four nucleotide bases- adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine - that make up
a strand of DNA.
a. DNA cloning b. DNA fingerprinting c. DNA sequencing d. DNA testing

23. It is a molecular biology technique which is used for the creation of a genetically identical copy of a cell or an organism.
a. DNA cloning b. DNA fingerprinting c. DNA sequencing d. DNA testing
24. It refers to the practices performed immediately before and during a clinical procedure.
a. Septic technique b. Aseptic technique c. Biology technique d. Microbial technique
25. In this technique, the molecules to be separated are pushed by an electrical field through a gel that contains small
pores.
a. Gel electrophoresis b. DNA cloning c. DNA sequencing d. Spectrophotometry