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Projeyardim 1

A thermistor is a sensor that converts temperature to resistance, with resistance decreasing as temperature increases. It is a type of resistor whose resistance varies predictably with temperature, though not linearly. Thermistors are used to measure temperature and implement temperature control.

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57 views4 pages

Projeyardim 1

A thermistor is a sensor that converts temperature to resistance, with resistance decreasing as temperature increases. It is a type of resistor whose resistance varies predictably with temperature, though not linearly. Thermistors are used to measure temperature and implement temperature control.

Uploaded by

Victor Serrano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thermistor

A thermistor is an input transducer (sensor) which converts


temperature (heat) to resistance. Almost all thermistors have a
negative temperature coefficient (NTC) which means their
resistance decreases as their temperature increases. It is
possible to make thermistors with a positive temperature
coefficient (resistance increases as temperature increases) but
these are rarely used. Always assume NTC if no information is
given.

A multimeter can be used to find the resistance at various


temperatures, these are some typical readings for example:
Photograph © Rapid Electronics
• Icy water 0°C: high resistance, about 12k .
• Room temperature 25°C: medium resistance, about
5k .
• Boiling water 100°C: low resistance, about 400 .
circuit symbol
Suppliers usually specify thermistors by their resistance at 25°C (room temperature).
Thermistors take several seconds to respond to a sudden temperature change, small
thermistors respond more rapidly.

A thermistor may be connected either way round and no special precautions are required
when soldering. If it is going to be immersed in water the thermistor and its connections
should be insulated because water is a weak conductor; for example they could be coated with
polyurethane varnish.

Bakmanız gereken “Liquid Temperature Probes” aşağıda bazı örnekleri var:

Thermal Bridge

Thermal Bridge
The uniqueness of QTI's Thermal Bridge is that it does not require an external
trim resistor. You can purchase a complete probe that is already optimized for
linearity over a set range without "hand calibrating" by adding a trim resistor to the board. We
have the ability to trim the thermistor to match the specific resistor making the probe very
accurate.
QT06001B

NPT Fitting, with Tube Temperature Probe, 7/16" hex with 1" tip
General purpose, stainless steel, threaded fitting for liquid temperature
measurement
QT06001C

NPT Fitting, with Tube Temperature Probe, 1/4" hex with 1" tip
General purpose, stainless steel, threaded fitting for liquid temperature
measurement

QT06023

Handle Temperature Probe, pointed tip


Temperature probe with handle and piercing tip for easy handling for multi-
point temperature sensing

Thermistors are special solid temperature sensors that behave like


temperature-sensitive electrical resistors. No surprise then that their
name is a contraction of "thermal" and "resistor". There are basically
two broad types, NTC-Negative Temperature Coefficient, used mostly
in temperature sensing and PTC-Positive Temperature Coefficient, used
mostly in electric current control.

Thermistor Terminology

A glossary slightly modified from that given in a US government publication: MIL-PRF-


23648D. Note that the term being described is in bold typeface.

A thermistor is a thermally sensitive resistor that exhibits a change in electrical resistance


with a change in its temperature. The resistance is measured by passing a small, measured
direct current (dc) through it and measuring the voltage drop produced.

The standard reference temperature is the thermistor body temperature at which nominal
zero-power resistance is specified, usually 25°C.

The zero-power resistance is the dc resistance value of a thermistor measured at a specified


temperature with a power dissipation by the thermistor low enough that any further decrease
in power will result in not more than 0.1 percent (or 1/10 of the specified measurement
tolerance, whichever is smaller) change in resistance.

The resistance ratio characteristic identifies the ratio of the zero-power resistance of a
thermistor measured at 25°C to that resistance measured at 125°C.

The zero-power temperature coefficient of resistance is the ratio at a specified temperature


(T), of the rate of change of zero-power resistance with temperature to the zero-power
resistance of the thermistor.

A NTC thermistor is one in which the zero-power resistance decreases with an increase in
temperature.

A PTC thermistor is one in which the zero-power resistance increases with an increase in
temperature.
The maximum operating temperature is the maximum body temperature at which the
thermistor will operate for an extended period of time with acceptable stability of its
characteristics. This temperature is the result of internal or external heating, or both, and
should not exceed the maximum value specified.
.
The maximum power rating of a thermistor is the maximum power which a thermistor will
dissipate for an extended period of time with acceptable stability of its characteristics.

The dissipation constant is the ratio, (in milliwatts per degree C) at a specified ambient
temperature, of a change in power dissipation in a thermistor to the resultant body temperature
change.

The thermal time constant of a thermistor is the time required for a thermistor to change
63.2 percent of the total difference between its initial and final body temperature when
subjected to a step function

The resistance-temperature characteristic of a thermistor is the relationship between the


zero-power resistance of a thermistor and its body temperature.

The temperature-wattage characteristic of a thermistor is the relationship at a specified


ambient temperature between the thermistor temperature and the applied steady state wattage.

The current-time characteristic of a thermistor is the relationship at a specified ambient


temperature between the current through a thermistor and time, upon application or
interruption of voltage to it.

The stability of a thermistor is the ability of a thermistor to retain specified characteristics


after being subjected to designated environmental or electrical test conditions.

Figura 1: pré-projeto do sensor de temperatura para cooler.


Figura 2: diagrama de blocos do projeto.

Para o sensor de temperatura, utilizamos um divisor resistivo, com uma resistência ajustável e
o um resistor dependente da temperatura. Utilizamos como comparador o amplificador
operacional TL072, e para chavear o cooler o transistor BD139. Para a histerese, fizemos uma
lógica com resistores e um transistor. A figura 3 apresenta o diagrama esquemático completo
do projeto.

Figura 3: projeto do sensor de temperatura para cooler.

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