HARDWARE: PROCESSING

AND STORAGE DEVICES

PROCESSING DEVICE
• this is where instructions are
processed
TYPES OF PROCESSING
DEVICE
SYSTEM UNIT
• houses the different computer components
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
∙ It is also known as microprocessor.
∙ Brain of the computer.
∙ Processes instructions given by the
user.
∙ Multi core processors are basically a
single chip that employs multiple
processors.
∙ The cores interface with each other
to improve response speed as
compared to single core processors.
MOTHERBOARD
∙ also known as main board or system
board.
∙ The microprocessor is attached to this
equipment.
∙ This is where computer components and
accessories or peripherals can be
attached.
∙ This component has slots or sockets for
the monitor, mouse, keyboard, optical
drives, speakers and other components
that can be connected via Universal
Serial Bus (USB).
MOTHERBOARD
The function of some parts of the motherboard is
the following
✔Socket Connector – this is where the microprocessor is
attached to
The function of some parts of the motherboard is
the following
✔RAM Memory Slots – is where the random access memory is
inserted
The function of some parts of the motherboard is
the following
✔Northbridge and Southbridge Chipsets – provide interface
between the microprocessor, random access memory and
peripheral bus
The function of some parts of the motherboard is
the following
✔PCI Slots – Peripheral
Component Interconnect
is also known as
expansion slots. For
expansion cards such as
video card, sound card
and other expansion
cards
The function of some parts of the motherboard is
the following
✔Integrated Drive
Electronics Connectors –
these are slots for hard
disk drive and optical
drivers.
The function of some parts of the motherboard is
the following
✔How does IDE Connector works?
The function of some parts of the motherboard is
the following
✔Back Panel Connector – monitor,
mouse, keyboard, speakers,
headsets, printers, projectors, etc.
can be connected. Other
peripherals can be connected at
the back panel via universal serial
bus (USB). There is a slot at the
back panel for connection to the
local area network
The function of some parts of the motherboard is
the following
✔AGP Slot – this is the slot
for accelerator graphics
port (AGP) video cards
VIDEO CARD
∙ is needed to be able to view the
screen display and images
clearly.
∙ can either be integrated in the
motherboard or can be installed
separately.
∙ Video cards provide 3D or 3
Dimensional Graphics.
• They also provide connection to
television and video recorders
SOUND CARD
∙ can be integrated component of
the motherboard this can also be
a separate component attached
to the motherboard.
∙ An integrated sound card
provides high quality sound and a
separate sound card provides
more options for writing music
and better listening experience.
HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD)
∙ It is the permanent storage unit
of the computer.
∙ Also known as hard drive and
magnetic disk.
∙ Data is recorded by magnetizing
the spinning platter by the
read/write head.
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
∙ It is the temporary storage unit of
the computer.
∙ Also known as primary memory.
∙ Once the computer is turned on
the operating system is occupied
to the RAM.
∙ For other files and programs that
are accessed by the user they are
copied into the RAM from the HDD
OPTICAL DISK DRIVE (ODD)
∙ Different optical media can be
read and written on via laser.
∙ When recording data, with the
disc spinning at a constant
speed the laser emitted heats
the disc’s (thus the term “burn”)
magnetic property.
STORAGE DEVICE
• it is where computer programs and
files are stored
TYPES OF STORAGE
DEVICE
HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD)
∙ high capacity storage unit
ranging from 320GB to 20TB.
∙ Consists of platters inside a
metal case with a read/write head
that (it is almost touching the
platter) reads and writes data.
FLASH MEMORY
∙ a type of secondary memory
where data can be written and
can be erased.
∙ Used in embedded devices such
as digital cameras, cellular
phones and video camera to
name a few.
MAGNETIC TAPE
∙ Magnetic tapes were available
since the 1950s.
∙ It is composed of the same
material as that of the cassette
or audio tapes.
∙ Primarily used to backup data.
∙ It can hold large amount of data.
∙ Slow data access.
MAGNETIC TAPE
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
∙ It is the temporary storage unit
of the computer.
∙ Also known as primary memory.
COMPACT DISC AND DIGITAL
VIDEO DISC
• CD is an acronym for Compact Disc and
is a 5-inch optical disc that can contain
up to 700MB of data.
• DVD is an acronym for Digital Video Disc
or Digital Versatile Disc. It is a 5-inch
optical disc that is able to store from
4.7GB to 17GB of data.
 FLOPPY DISK
• Floppy disks have been a common
method of storing data since the
early days of personal computers;
3.5-inch floppy disks are disks that
are coated with a magnetic
material and are housed in plastic.
They are capable of storing
1.44MB of data.
OTHER STORAGE DEVICES
• HD-DVD is the high-density successor to DVD that was developed for
recording high-definition video to disc. A single-layer HD-DVD is capable
of storing up to 15GB of data, and a dual-layer disc can store up to 30GB
of data.
• Blu-Ray is a high-density optical storage method that was designed for
recording high-definition video. A single-layer Blu-Ray disc can store up
to 25GB of data, and a dual-layer Blu-Ray disc can store up to 50GB of
data.
• iPod is the brand name of portable media players that was developed by
Apple, and can be used to store audio, video, and other files.
• Zune is a portable media player that was developed by Microsoft. It has
similar features to the iPod and can share files wirelessly
UNITS OF MEMORY OF
STORAGE DEVICES
UNITS OF MEMORY
o Bit (b) – short for binary digit, it is the smallest unit of
measurement
o Byte (B) – One (1) byte is equivalent to 8 bits. A single byte
corresponds to a single letter, number or punctuation mark
o Kilobyte (KB) - One kilobyte is equivalent to 1,024bytes.
o Megabyte (MB) – One (1) megabyte is equivalent to 1,048,576
bytes or roughly 1 million bytes
o Gigabyte (GB) – One (1) gigabyte is equivalent to 1,024MB.
o Terabyte (TB) – One (1) terabyte is equivalent to 1,024GB
CATEGORIES OF
STORAGE DEVICES
CATEGORIES OF STORAGE DEVICES
o Primary Storage or Main Memory
▪ Temporary memory
▪ which the computer has direct access
▪ It is the fastest to access data and information from but it is volatile.
o Secondary Storage
▪ Permanent memory
▪ Slower access to data and information as compared to primary
storage.
o Tertiary Storage
∙ slowest in terms of access time.
∙ Examples of tertiary storage are magnetic tape and optical storage.
TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICES