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Chapter 4-5 - SystemParticleRigidBody

1. The document reviews the theory of motion of a system of particles including the center of mass, motion of the center of mass, conservation of momentum, kinetic energy of a system, torque and angular momentum of a system, moment of inertia of a rigid body, and rolling motion with and without sliding. It provides equations and definitions for these concepts. 2. It also includes 4 example problems and 7 practice problems applying these concepts. The problems cover finding the center of mass, velocities after collisions, angular acceleration and displacement of a rotating wheel, torque on a rotating wheel, conservation of energy for an object on a rotating reel, angular momentum of a rotating rod and particles, and work done by a person walking on a

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47 views25 pages

Chapter 4-5 - SystemParticleRigidBody

1. The document reviews the theory of motion of a system of particles including the center of mass, motion of the center of mass, conservation of momentum, kinetic energy of a system, torque and angular momentum of a system, moment of inertia of a rigid body, and rolling motion with and without sliding. It provides equations and definitions for these concepts. 2. It also includes 4 example problems and 7 practice problems applying these concepts. The problems cover finding the center of mass, velocities after collisions, angular acceleration and displacement of a rotating wheel, torque on a rotating wheel, conservation of energy for an object on a rotating reel, angular momentum of a rotating rod and particles, and work done by a person walking on a

Uploaded by

Bảo Ngọc
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Mo#on

of system of par#cle
Review theory
1. The Center of Mass
!
!
∑ ii
m r
i
rcm =
∑m i
i

2. Mo1on of the Center of Mass


!
dri !
! ∑ i dt ∑ i i
m m v
!
vcm =
drcm
= i = i ! !
dt M M
!
Macm = ∑ Fi
!
!
!
dvcm
∑ mi ai ∑ Fi i
acm = = i = i
dt M M

3. Conserva1on of Momentum
!
! ! ! ! ! dP ! """""!
P = ∑ pi = ∑ mi vi = Mvcm Fnet _ ext = 0 => = 0 => P = const
i i dt
4. Kine1c Energy of a System 1
K = ∑ K i = ∑ mi vi2
i i 2

5. Torque & Angular momentum of a System

Torque of a force about a fixed point O


! !
τF! /O = r ∧ F

Angular momentum about a fixed point O


! ! ! ! !
L /O = r ∧ p = r ∧ mv

6. The moment of iner1a of a rigid body I = ∑ mi ri2


i

The net external torque acting on a system equals the rate of change
of the angular momentum of the system.
"
dL /Δ ! ! !
dt
= τnet,ext / Δ L /Δ = I Δ ω
Δ
Steiner theorem:

2 d
I Δ = I z + md G
ω: angular velocity in rotational motion
7. Rolling mo1on without sliding: α: angular acceleration
Vcm,acm: speed and acceleration of the CM
For rolling with sliding :
For rolling without sliding :
f friction = µ k .N
f friction = f static ≤ f s. max
v cm ≠ ωR v cm = ωR
a cm ≠ αR a cm = αR
Wfric = −µ k N.s Work of static friction force is zero

! !
ma cm = Fnet,ext Icm α = τnet ,ext / cm
Kine1c Energy in Rolling:

1 2 1
K= mvcm + Icmω2
2!#!
$ " 2!#!
$ "
K.E of Translational motion K.E of Rotational Motion
of CM about the axis throughCM
Example1
Example2
Example3
Example4
Problems
1. A water molecule consists of an
oxygen atom with two hydrogen
atoms bound to it (Fig.). The angle
between the two bonds is 106°. If the
bonds are 0.100 nm long, where is the
center of mass of the molecule?

2. A ball of mass 0.200 kg has a velocity of 150î m/s; a


ball of mass 0.300 kg has a velocity of 0.400î m/s.
They meet in a head-on elastic collision. (a) Find their
velocities after the collision. (b) Find the velocity of
their center of mass before and after the collision.
3. A wheel starts from rest and rotates with constant
angular acceleration to reach an angular speed of 12.0
rad/s in 3.00 s. Find (a) the magnitude of the angular
acceleration of the wheel and (b) the angle in radians
through which it rotates in this time.

4. Find the net torque on the


wheel in Figure about the axle
through O if a = 10.0 cm and
b = 25.0 cm.
5. An object with a weight of 50.0 N is attached to the free
end of a light string wrapped around a reel of radius 0.250
m and mass 3.00 kg. The reel is a solid disk, free to rotate in
a vertical plane about the horizontal axis passing through its
center. The suspended object is released 6.00 m above the
floor. (a) Determine the tension in the string, the
acceleration of the object, and the speed with which the
object hits the floor. (b) Verify your last answer by using the
principle of conservation of energy to find the speed with
which the object hits the floor.
6. A light rigid rod 1.00 m in length joins two particles, with
masses 4.00 kg and 3.00 kg, at its ends. The combination
rotates in the xy plane about a pivot through the center of
the rod. Determine the angular momentum of the system
about the origin when the speed of each particle is 5.00 m/s.
7. A 60.0-kg woman stands at the rim of a horizontal
turntable having a moment of inertia of 500 kg.m2 and a
radius of 2.00 m. The turntable is initially at rest and is
free to rotate about a frictionless, vertical axle through its
center. The woman then starts walking around the rim
clockwise (as viewed from above the system) at a
constant speed of 1.50 m/s relative to the Earth. (a) In
what direction and with what angular speed does the
turntable rotate? (b) How much work does the woman do
to set her- self and the turntable into motion?

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