Political Science Project
Political Science Project
Political Science Project
ON
THE TOPIC :
ROLE OF MODEL UNITED NATION IN SPREADING
AWARENESS ABOUT UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM
SUBMITTED TO : Submitted by :
Sir, Ramesh Dhar Dwivedi, Saywong Rai
Assistant professor , Pol Sc, BA.LLB 5TH Sem
Sardar Patel Subharati Institute of law Sardar Patel Subharati Institute of Law
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The success and final outcome of this project required alot of guidance
and assistance from many people and I am extremely privileged to have
got this all along the completion of my project. All that I have done is
only due to such supervision and assistance and I would not forget to
thank them.
I respect and thank sir Ramesh Dhar Dhwivedi, for providing me an
opportunity to do the project work at home and giving us all support and
guidance which made me complete the project duly. I am extremely
thankful to him for providing such a nice support and guidance, although
he had busy schedule managing the corporate affairs. Also I would thank
my family member and friends for all the support, love and care they
have showered upon me.
CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION ON MODEL UNITED NATIONS
2. UNITED NATIONS
3. HISTORY OF MODEL UNITED NATIONS
4. ROLE OF MODEL UNITED NATION IN SPREADING
AWARENESS ABOUT UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM :
ACADEMIC ASPECTS
PROCEDURE
CONFERENCE MANAGEMENT
LANGUAGE
ATTIRE
COMMITTEES
Due to its unique international character, and the powers vested in its
founding Charter, the Organization can take action on a wide range of
issues, and provide a forum for its 193 Member States to express their
views, through the General Assembly, the Security Council, the
Economic and Social Council and other bodies and committees.
The work of the United Nations reaches every corner of the globe.
Although best known for peacekeeping, peacebuilding, conflict
prevention and humanitarian assistance, there are many other ways the
United Nations and its System (specialized agencies, funds and
programmes) affect our lives and make the world a better place. The
Organization works on a broad range of fundamental issues, from
sustainable development, environment and refugees protection, disaster
relief, counter terrorism, disarmament and non-proliferation, to
promoting democracy, human rights, gender equality and the
advancement of women, governance, economic and social development
and international health, clearing landmines, expanding food production,
and more, in order to achieve its goals and coordinate efforts for a safer
world for this and future generations.
The first recorded MUN conference took place here at the University of
Oxford in 1921. However, at this point in time, students were modelling
League of Nations committees, as the United Nations was not to be
founded until 1945. MUN conferences were therefore referred to as
'International Assemblies'. However, the protocol of these conferences
was largely similar to today.
MUN travelled across the Atlantic Ocean at the same time as Mir
Mahmood, President of the first Oxford International Assembly,
travelled to Harvard in 1922. In response to his visit, the Harvard Liberal
Club created the first American International Assembly in 1923,
launching Model UN in the USA.
After the end of the Second World War, the International Assemblies
were to be replaced by Model United Nations conferences. The first
known conference to model UN procedure took place at Swathmore
College in 1947, which featured debates concerning nuclear weaponry,
refugees and post-war reconstruction: topics that we still see featured at
conferences today.
In the second half of the 20th Century, the popularity of High School
MUN increased dramatically, as more and more conferences began to
take shape all around the world. This increase in popularity is most
commonly attributed to the founding of THIMUN in 1968. The Hague
International Model United Nations is, to this day, one of the largest
MUN conferences in the world.
1. ACADEMIC ASPECTS
2. PROCEDURE
In order to maintain decorum, most model UN committees use
parliamentary procedures derived from Robert's Rules of Order.[1] In
addition, the United Nations has spearheaded efforts to introduce new
model UN rules of procedure that are more closely aligned with those
used by the actual UN. Since there is no governing body for Model UN,
each conference differs in their rules of procedure.
The following rules of procedure apply to general MUNs but may not
apply to every MUN:
FLOW OF DEBATE :
Most MUN committees follow a flow of debate. This starts with a
speakers list, followed by formal/informal debate and then voting
procedure. A Dais will maintain a list of speakers and the delegates
follow the order written on the 'speaker list'. Delegates may be added to
the speaker list by raising their placards or sending a note to the chair.
During this time, delegates talk to the entire committee. They
make speeches, answer questions, and debate on resolutions and
amendments. If there are no other motions, the committee goes back to
the speaker list by default.
Formal/Informal debate includes both moderated and unmoderated
caucuses. Caucus is an opportunity to discuss policy ideas. A Moderated
Caucus is more formal and is run by the committee chair, an
Unmoderated caucus is a time where delegates move around the room
and have a more informal discussion on the topic. In a moderated or
unmoderated caucus, the committee goes into a recess and the rules of
procedure are suspended. Anyone may speak if recognized by the chair.
A vote on a motion is necessary to go into a moderated caucus. There is
a comparatively shorter time limit per speech. In an unmoderated
caucus, the delegates informally meet with other delegates and the staff
for discussions.
RESOLUTION:
A Resolution is a legal document that expresses the general opinion of
the committee. Once passed it can be seen as a list of actions that your
committee recommends.
Resolutions are the written compilation of the ideas discussed during
debate. They are considered the final results of conversations, writings,
and negotiations. Resolutions must go through a draft, approval by the
dais, and consequent debate and modification.
MUN Resolutions are composed of both preambulatory and operative
clauses. Preambulatory clauses help to outline the general problems that
a resolution will fix, whereas operative clauses help to display solutions
in an organized and easily understandable way.
3. CONFERENCE MANAGEMENT
MUNs are run by a group of administrators known as the secretariat. A
secretariat is headed by a Secretary-General. Other members of the
secretariat include the Director-General, Under-Secretaries-General and
President of General Assembly.
COMMITTEE DIAS
Each committee usually has a dais that is composed of a chair (also
known as moderator or director), vice-chair and a team of pages. The
dais is responsible for managing debate in a particular committee. The
chair is responsible for moderation, the vice-chair is responsible for
note-taking and the pages help pass notes between delegates.
In crisis committees, there can also be a crisis staff composed of a crisis
director, assistant director, and crisis staffers. These members are
responsible for facilitating the back-room portion of a committee.
4. LANGUAGE
Traditionally, English has been the official and working language of
most conferences. However, as Model UN has become more popular
around the world, and as conferences in countries such as the United
States have sought to appeal to underrepresented minorities (such as
the Spanish-speaking community), committees using languages other
than English, or which are bilingual, have become common. However,
this is still not a mainstream phenomenon, especially in the United
States, where most bilingual or Spanish language committees are found
only at conferences hosted in Puerto Rico or the South West.
5. ATTIRE
Nearly all model United Nations conferences require delegates to
wear Western business attire. Dressing professionally is an important
way to show respect for the nation, organization, or individual one is
representing, as well as for the rest of one's committee.
6. COMMITTEES
CRISIS COMMITTEES
Crisis is a specialized form of model UN where participants can emulate
a variety of entities, from a board of directors to historical figures. Crisis
committees tend to be much53W smaller in size than their classic
counterparts, and revolve around a quickly-developing series of events
known as a "crisis." Delegates are assigned positions, and must create
directives consisting purely of operative actions this means that rather
than solving problems with Resolutions, delegates pass
Directives. While delegates are working to solve the crisis at hand
through directives, they are also often tasked with individual objectives
that can be achieved with the submission of crisis notes. Delegates may
sometimes find out what other committee members have been doing
through crisis updates.
Unlike regular committees, crisis committees have two distinct forums:
the in-room and the out-room (also known as the front-room and the
back-room, respectively). The in-room consists of delegate activity in
the committee, including the usual speaking, while out-room refers to
directives sent to staffers (also known as directors), communication with
other crisis committees. Directives can either be written by an
individual, several individuals working together, or the whole
committee.
Staffers can update crisis events based partly on a preset direction and
partly on interaction from delegates and committees. Crisis committees
are also subject to more variation in rules and experimentation than
regular committees. One relatively common variant is the "midnight
crisis" where delegates attend a committee session at night to respond to
an emergency situation. There also may be crisis committees that
interact with each other, where resolutions that are written impact debate
in other committees.
1. Agenda Setting
2. Debate & Caucus
3. Working Papers
4. Debate & Caucus
5. Draft Resolutions
6. Amendments
7. Vote on Draft
8. Final Resolutions
SIMULATION
Simulation exercises are used in government, the military and
throughout industry and commerce as a highly effective means of
training the participants in particular skills for a specific purpose e.g.
flying an airplane. Therefore, simulation is a process in which real life
procedures are recreated in a reduced , controlled, and perhaps idealized,
set of circumstances.
Simulating the United Nations, however, has much wider educational
objectives.
Objectives
The achievements and personal gains can be divided into four principal
areas:
– the goals of humanity,
– increased awareness of others,
– the acquisition of knowledge,
– the development of practical language skills.
INCREASED AWARENESS
MUN participants gain an awareness and adopt attitudes important for
their own lives and for the lives of those around them. No nation,
however rich and powerful or however geographically isolated, can
stand alone. Human beings, in order to live together on the planet in a
spirit of tolerance and respect for the diversity of human culture, need
ethical and social skills. These are necessary for developing rules and
procedures, agreements, contracts and treaties. Such skills are acquired,
fostered and developed through Model United Nations.
Knowledge acquisition
To understand how people of nations and cultures other than our own
live, why they believe certain things and why they behave in certain
ways which may seem unfamiliar or even hostile to us, we need to know
something about them. Taking on the role of a diplomat representing a
Member State of the United Nations or representing an NGO or a UN
Agency requires detailed knowledge of the country or organization
concerned.
But more than this: it requires knowledge of all the other countries and
organizations you will be dealing with or negotiating with.
Furthermore, you will be assigned to a particular forum or committee,
dealing with specific issues and problems. Before you can reasonably
discuss them with your fellow delegates you will need to know a lot
about the issues and the current situation with regard to these issues. It is
no use proposing solutions to problems which have already been
implemented or which have been tried and have failed in the past.
You need to acquire and develop this level of language competence for:
– studying appropriate material on the internet, especially UN
documents and reports, official government policy statements of the
various nations and organizations and by reading relevant books, quality
newspapers and periodicals;
– formulating position papers, policy statements and draft resolutions;
– lobbying and negotiating with allies, interest groups and international
organizations in order to gather support for, or to organize opposition to,
the various proposals;
– editing and rewriting draft resolutions before presenting them to the
committee for debate;
– presenting resolutions by speaking for and defending them in debate;
– opposing, in debate, resolutions one does not agree with;
– drafting and proposing amendments;
– speaking on the resolutions discussed during plenary sessions;
– negotiating and drafting trade agreements, peace treaties, ceasefires,
etc.;
– conducting and participating in meetings according to rules of
parliamentary procedure;
– writing reports and articles.
SPECIALIST SKILLS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The resources and data that have been compiled and used in this project,
The Role of the Model United Nations in spreading awareness about the
United Nations system has mostly been derived from the internet and
has been analysed and worked upon by me and then been compiled in a
format, all the necessary data has been derived through several weblinks
they are :
1. Oxfordglobal.org
2. Wikipedia.com
3. Nmun.org
4. Un.org
5. Wichita.edu.com
6. Vedantu.com
7. Participedia.com
8. Qatar.thimun.org
9. Munworldindia.com