Joins in Oracle:

================

Equi join - An equi join is a type of join that combines tables

based on matching values in specified columns.

Non-Equi join - The nonequijoins is such a join which match column

values from different tables based on an inequality
(instead of the equal sign like >, <, >=, <= ) expression

4 Types of Equi join:

=====================

Inner Join
Left Outer join
Right Outer Join
Full Outer Join

2 methods to write join query:

==============================

1. Implicit method
2. ANSI Method

Table scripts for practice:

***************************

create table customer

(
cust_id number,
cust_name varchar2(50),
mob_no number(10),
email varchar2(50),
country_id number(3)
);

Insert into customer (CUST_ID,CUST_NAME,MOB_NO,EMAIL,COUNTRY_ID) values

(1000,'Kannan',8989898989,'[email protected]',200);
Insert into customer (CUST_ID,CUST_NAME,MOB_NO,EMAIL,COUNTRY_ID) values
(1001,'Arun',8989898990,'[email protected]',204);
Insert into customer (CUST_ID,CUST_NAME,MOB_NO,EMAIL,COUNTRY_ID) values
(1002,'Karthik',8989898991,'[email protected]',202);
Insert into customer (CUST_ID,CUST_NAME,MOB_NO,EMAIL,COUNTRY_ID) values
(1003,'Shankar',8989898992,'[email protected]',203);
Insert into customer (CUST_ID,CUST_NAME,MOB_NO,EMAIL,COUNTRY_ID) values
(1004,'Sree',8989898993,'[email protected]',205);
Insert into customer (CUST_ID,CUST_NAME,MOB_NO,EMAIL,COUNTRY_ID) values
(1005,'Babu',8989898994,'[email protected]',200);
Insert into customer (CUST_ID,CUST_NAME,MOB_NO,EMAIL,COUNTRY_ID) values
(1006,'Radha',8989898995,'[email protected]',202);
Insert into customer (CUST_ID,CUST_NAME,MOB_NO,EMAIL,COUNTRY_ID) values
(1007,'Senthil',8989898996,'[email protected]',200);

commit;
create table country
(
Country_id number(3),
Country_name varchar2(50)
);

Insert into country (COUNTRY_ID,COUNTRY_NAME) values (200,'INDIA');

Insert into country (COUNTRY_ID,COUNTRY_NAME) values (201,'CHINA');
Insert into country (COUNTRY_ID,COUNTRY_NAME) values (202,'USA');
Insert into country (COUNTRY_ID,COUNTRY_NAME) values (203,'SINGAPORE');
Insert into country (COUNTRY_ID,COUNTRY_NAME) values (204,'UK');

commit;

============================================

Inner Join:
------------

-- implicit method

select
c.cust_id,
c.cust_name,
c.mobile_no,
c.email,
c.country_id,
r.country_name
from customer c, region r
where c.country_id=r.country_id;

Inner Join:
------------
-- ANSI Method

select
c.cust_id,
c.cust_name,
c.mobile_no,
c.email,
c.country_id,
r.country_name
from customer c inner join region r
on c.country_id=r.country_id;

*******************************************************

Left Outer Join:

------------
-- implicit

select
c.cust_id,
c.cust_name,
c.mobile_no,
c.email,
c.country_id,
r.country_name
from customer c, region r
where c.country_id=r.country_id(+);

Left Outer Join:

------------
-- ANSI

select
c.cust_id,
c.cust_name,
c.mobile_no,
c.email,
c.country_id,
r.country_name
from customer c Left Outer join region r
on c.country_id=r.country_id;

***************************************************************

Right Outer Join:

------------
-- implicit

select
c.cust_id,
c.cust_name,
c.mobile_no,
c.email,
c.country_id,
r.country_name
from customer c, region r
where c.country_id(+)=r.country_id;

Right Outer Join:

------------
-- ANSI

select
c.cust_id,
c.cust_name,
c.mobile_no,
c.email,
c.country_id,
r.country_name
from customer c Right Outer join region r
on c.country_id=r.country_id;

*****************************************************
Full Outer Join:
------------
-- ANSI

select
c.cust_id,
c.cust_name,
c.mobile_no,
c.email,
c.country_id,
r.country_name
from customer c Full Outer join region r
on c.country_id=r.country_id;

*********************************************************

3 tables -- customer city country

select
c1.cust_id,
c1.cust_name,
c1.mob_no,
c1.email,
c1.city_id,
c2.city_name,
c2.region_id country_id,
c3.country_name
from customer c1,city c2, country c3
where c1.city_id=c2.city_id
and c2.region_id=c3.country_id;

select
c1.cust_id,
c1.cust_name,
c1.mob_no,
c1.email,
c1.city_id,
c2.city_name,
c2.region_id country_id,
c3.country_name
from customer c1 inner join city c2
on c1.city_id=c2.city_id
inner join country c3
on c2.region_id=c3.country_id;

*************************************************************

select * from employees;

select * from departments;

select
e.employee_id,
e.first_name,
e.email,
e.SALARY,
e.department_id,
d.DEPARTMENT_NAME,
d.LOCATION_ID
from Employees e,departments d
where e.department_id=d.department_id;

select
e.employee_id,
e.first_name,
e.email,
e.SALARY,
e.department_id,
d.DEPARTMENT_NAME,
d.LOCATION_ID
from employees e inner join DEPARTMENTS d
on e.department_id=d.department_id;

-- Left Outer Join

select
e.employee_id,
e.first_name,
e.job_id,
e.salary,
e.department_id,
d.DEPARTMENT_NAME
from employees e, departments d
where e.department_id=d.department_id(+);

select
e.employee_id,
e.first_name,
e.job_id,
e.salary,
e.department_id,
d.DEPARTMENT_NAME
from employees e left join departments d
on e.department_id=d.department_id;

----------------------------------------------------

-- Right outer join

select
e.employee_id,
e.first_name,
e.job_id,
e.salary,
d.department_id,
d.DEPARTMENT_NAME
from employees e, departments d
where e.department_id(+)=d.department_id;
select
e.employee_id,
e.first_name,
e.job_id,
e.salary,
e.department_id,
d.DEPARTMENT_NAME
from employees e right join departments d
on e.department_id=d.department_id;

-- Full Outer Join

select
e.employee_id,
e.first_name,
e.job_id,
e.salary,
e.department_id,
d.DEPARTMENT_NAME
from employees e full join departments d
on e.department_id=d.department_id;

********************************************************************************

select the departmet_id where no employees are working

select
d.department_id,
d.DEPARTMENT_NAME
from employees e, departments d
where e.department_id(+)=d.department_id and e.employee_id is null;

================================================================================

3 tables join

select * from locations;

select
e.employee_id,
e.first_name,
e.job_id,
e.salary,
e.department_id,
d.DEPARTMENT_NAME,
d.location_id,
l.country_id
from employees e, departments d, locations l
where e.department_id=d.department_id and d.location_id=l.location_id and
l.country_id='UK';

select
e.employee_id,
e.first_name,
e.job_id,
e.salary,
e.department_id,
d.DEPARTMENT_NAME,
d.location_id,
l.country_id
from employees e inner join departments d
on e.department_id=d.department_id
inner join locations l
on d.location_id=l.location_id and l.country_id='CA' and e.salary >10000;

select
e.employee_id,
e.first_name,
e.job_id,
e.salary,
e.department_id,
d.DEPARTMENT_NAME,
d.location_id,
l.country_id,
c.COUNTRY_NAME
from employees e inner join departments d
on e.department_id=d.department_id
inner join locations l
on d.location_id=l.location_id
inner join COUNTRIES c on l.COUNTRY_ID=c.COUNTRY_ID
where l.country_id='CA' and e.salary >10000;

--------------------------------------------
4 tables join with sub query:
=============================
select
e.employee_id,
e.first_name,
e.job_id,
e.salary,
e.department_id,
d.DEPARTMENT_NAME,
d.location_id,
l.country_id,
c.country_name
from employees e inner join (select department_id,department_name,location_id from
departments) d
on e.department_id=d.department_id
join locations l
on d.location_id=l.location_id
join countries c
on l.country_id=c.country_id where c.country_name='United Kingdom' and e.salary
>10000;

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--Cross Join or Cartesian product

select * from departments;

select
e.employee_id,
e.first_name,
e.email,
e.SALARY,
e.department_id,
d.DEPARTMENT_NAME,
d.LOCATION_ID
from employees e, departments d
--where e.department_id=d.department_id;

107*27=2889

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
self Join

select * from employees;

select
e1.employee_id,
e1.first_name,
'reports to',
e2.employee_id,
e2.first_name
from employees e1,employees e2
where e1.manager_id=e2.employee_id order by e1.employee_id;

--------------------------------------------------------------------

--Non-Equi Join

select
e.employee_id,
e.first_name,
e.email,
e.SALARY,
e.department_id,
d.DEPARTMENT_NAME,
d.LOCATION_ID
from employees e, departments d
where e.department_id!=d.department_id;