Scribd
Upload
49 views

Synchronous Generators

1) A synchronous generator produces an internal generated voltage (EA) from the rotating magnetic field of its rotor. EA induces voltages in the stator windings. 2) EA is not equal to the output voltage (VΦ) due to factors like armature reaction distorting the air gap field and the self-inductance and resistance of the stator coils. 3) The equivalent circuit model accounts for these differences using the synchronous reactance (XS) and models the relationship between EA, VΦ, and the armature current (IA).

Uploaded by

Andreea CoZma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
49 views

Synchronous Generators

1) A synchronous generator produces an internal generated voltage (EA) from the rotating magnetic field of its rotor. EA induces voltages in the stator windings. 2) EA is not equal to the output voltage (VΦ) due to factors like armature reaction distorting the air gap field and the self-inductance and resistance of the stator coils. 3) The equivalent circuit model accounts for these differences using the synchronous reactance (XS) and models the relationship between EA, VΦ, and the armature current (IA).

Uploaded by

Andreea CoZma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

ElectricAL MACHINES I

Course 11
Synchronous generator operation
In the synchronous machine a magnetized rotor creates a
rotating magnetic field in the air gap. If the rotor field is ideally
sinusoidal and if the rotor rotates at constant speed, this will
induce ideally sinusoidal voltages in the stator windings.
.
The internal generated voltage (EA) of a
synchronous generator

K is a constant related to the construction of the machine


• If ω is expressed in electrical radians per second, then K can
be written as

• If ω is expressed in mechanical radians per second, then K can


be written as

• Where NC is the number of conductors and P the number of


pole pairs
The equivalent circuit of a synchronous generator

The voltage EA is the internal generated voltage produced


in one phase of a synchronous generator, but it is not the voltage
that appears at the terminals of the generator.
The only situation in which EA is the same as the output
voltage VΦ of a phase is when there is no armature (stator)
current flowing in the machine.
Among the factors that induce differences between EA and VΦ can
be mentioned:
• The distortion of the air-gap magnetic field by the current
flowing in the stator (called armature reaction);
• The self-inductance of the armature coils;
• The resistance of the armature coils;
• The effect of salient-pole rotor shapes
Because the stator magnetic field produces a voltage of its
own in the stator, called Esat, the total voltage in a phase can be
expressed as:

Esat can be expressed as (where X is the reactance and IA the


armature current

Thus, the first relation becomes:


Taking also into consideration both the stator self-
inductance and consequently its corresponding reactance XA,
and the stator resistance RA, the relation becomes :

If the two above reactances are combined into a single one, called
synchronous reactance of the machine XS,

the final equation can be put as:


The per-phase equivalent circuit of a synchronous generator is
given below (the internal field circuit resistance and the external
variable resistance have been combined into a single resistor RF).
All quantities having the F subscript denote a field (rotor)
parameter.
The phasors diagrams of a synchronous generator

• at unity power factor

• for lagging power factor


• for leading power factor

For a given phase voltage and armature current, a larger internal


generated voltage EA is needed for lagging loads than for leading loads.
Therefore, a larger field current is needed with lagging loads to get
the same terminal voltage.
For a given field current and magnitude of load current, the terminal
voltage is lower for lagging loads and higher for leading loads.
In real synchronous machines, the synchronous reactance is much larger
than the winding resistance RA, so RA is often neglected in the qualitative
study of voltage variations.

You might also like