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Math10 Q1 04 Division of Polynomials

1) The document provides instructions for dividing polynomials using two methods: long division and synthetic division. 2) In long division, the process is similar to traditional long division with numbers. Terms are arranged in descending order of degree and each term of the quotient is found by successive long divisions. 3) Synthetic division uses the coefficients of the terms. The divisor's constant term is inverted and used to successively multiply and add the dividend's coefficients to find the quotient and remainder.

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61 views2 pages

Math10 Q1 04 Division of Polynomials

1) The document provides instructions for dividing polynomials using two methods: long division and synthetic division. 2) In long division, the process is similar to traditional long division with numbers. Terms are arranged in descending order of degree and each term of the quotient is found by successive long divisions. 3) Synthetic division uses the coefficients of the terms. The divisor's constant term is inverted and used to successively multiply and add the dividend's coefficients to find the quotient and remainder.

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MATHEMATICS 10 – FIRST QUARTER Step 3) Multiply the divisor by the first term of

LESSON 4 Dividing Polynomials the quotient.


When you were in Grade 7, you have learned that
x2
polynomial is an algebraic expression whose variables x + 3 x3 − 3x 2 − 9 x + 27
must have nonnegative-integer powers. The degree of a x3 + 3x 2
polynomial in one variable is the highest exponent among
Step 4) Subtract the product from the dividend
all the terms in the polynomial.
then bring down the next term.
Recall: x2
POLYNOMIALS are mathematical expressions that x + 3 x3 − 3 x 2 − 9 x + 27
represents the sum of term(s) of the form 𝒌𝒙𝒏 where −( x 3 + 3 x 2 )
𝒌 is any number (coefficient), 𝒏 is a non-negative
integer (exponent) and 𝒙 is a variable − 6 x 2 − 9 x + 27

PRACTICE EXERCISE Step 5) Repeat steps 2 to 4. This time, the


Determine whether each expression is a polynomial difference and the next term will be the
or not. new dividend.
______1. 𝑥 5 − 3𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 Step 6) Continue the process until a remainder
______2. 6𝑥 + 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 −2 + 3 is obtained. The remainder can be
______3. 7𝑥 + 𝑥 6 zero or a polynomial whose degree is lower
______4. 5√𝑥 + 3𝑥 than the divisor.
______5. √5 𝑥 + 3𝑥 5 x2 − 6 x + 9
x + 3 x 3 − 3 x 2 − 9 x + 27
We can name polynomials according to
NUMBER OF TERMS and DEGREE. −( x 3 + 3 x 2 )
− 6 x 2 − 9 x + 27
PRACTICE EXERCISE
− (−6 x 2 − 18 x)
9 x + 27
− (9 x + 27)
0
𝑥 3 −9𝑥−3𝑥 2 +27
The quotient of 𝑥+3
is 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9.

PRACTICE EXERCISE:
Find the quotient using long division method.
1) Divide (11𝑥 − 20𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 3 − 14) by (𝑥 − 2)
TWO WAYS TO DIVIDE POLYNOMIALS
1. Long Division
2. Synthetic Division

LONG DIVISION
This way is like the process when we perform
TRADITIONAL WAY of dividing numbers.

Illustrative Example 1:
Divide (𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 + 27) by (𝑥 + 3).

Step 1) Arrange the polynomials in descending 2𝑥 3 +9𝑥 2 +3𝑥−4


powers of 𝑥 and write in the form divisor dividend 2) 𝑥+4

If there are missing terms, replace it with 0.


x + 3 x3 − 3x 2 − 9 x + 27
Step 2) Divide the first term of the dividend by the first
term of the divisor to get the first term of the quotient:
x2
x + 3 x3 − 3x 2 − 9 x + 27

Prepared by RSP – Math 10 SY 2022-2023


SYNTHETIC DIVISION PRACTICE EXERCISE
In this method, consider the coefficients of Find the quotient using synthetic division.
each term. 1) Divide (11𝑥 − 20𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 3 − 14) by (𝑥 − 2)

Illustrative Example 2:
Divide (𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 + 27) by (𝑥 + 3).

Step 1) Arrange the dividend in descending


order of degrees: 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 27

Step 2) Write the coefficients of the


polynomials. The divisor is (𝑥 + 3), so use get
the inverse of the constant term of the divisor,
thus we will use −3.
2𝑥 3 +9𝑥 2 +3𝑥−4
2) 𝑥+4

Step 3) Bring down the first coefficient

Step 4) Multiply −3 by 1 and write the result


below −3

Step 5) Add −3 and −3 3) Using long division and synthetic division,


2𝑥 3 +3𝑥 2 −10𝑥+12
find the quotient of 𝑥−3

Step 6) Multiply −3 by −6 and write the result


below −9. Then, Add −9 and 18.

Step 7) Repeat the process until all columns are


filled. Multiply −3 by 9 and write the result below
−27. Add 27 and −27.

Step 8) Identify the quotient and the remainder.

Note that the degree of the quotient is one less


than the degree of the dividend.

Therefore, the quotient is 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 and the


remainder is 0.

NOTE:
Either you used the long division method or
synthetic division, you will arrive with the same
quotient and remainder.

Prepared by RSP – Math 10 SY 2022-2023

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