It is a dialect of German

West germanic language spoken by the Ashkenazi

Jews

 The term “ Yiddish is derived from the word “

Jewish” and also a spoken language of Jewish
people
Originated during the 9th century the year 1000
C.E

• YIVO serves as the world headquarters of Yiddish

language and pioneered important linguist
research on Yiddish
• Diallect which integrates many langauages including
German, Hebrew, Aramaic, and various Slavic and
romance Languages
 yiddish alphabet
• Consist of 22 consonants and 5 vowels

• Yiddish language uses the same alphabet as Hebrew

yIDDISH PRODUCESS A CVcc or cvvc
cvcc
FOR EXAMPLE: (‫ )לאַ כן‬lakhn /lakn/ (means laugh)
cvvc
( ‫ )שיין‬sheyn /ʃein/ (means beautiful)
LEXICAL CATEGORIES
1. noun
2. articles
3. adjectives
4. pronouns
5. verb
1. GENDER
2. CASE
3PLURAL
3 GRAMMATICAL GENDERS
1. Masculine ( ‫זכר‬zokher)
2.Feminine ( ‫נקֿבה‬nekeyve)
3.Neuter ( ‫נײטראַ ל‬neytral)
Masculine ( ‫זכר‬zokher)
1.loanwords are generally assigned masculine gender
by default unless they end in a schwa (:).
Ex:café which means coffee
2..Nouns denoting specifically male humans and animals
• John
Feminine ( ‫נקֿבה‬nekeyve)
1. Female humans and animals are usually feminine
• example
• hun ‫(הון‬which means hen)
• Angela
• Carla
• 2. nouns ending in an unstressed schwa
• abstract noun suffixes are feminine
Example: ‫ונג‬- -ung and ‫הײט‬- -hayt
Neuter ( ‫נײטראַ ל‬neytral)
diminutive nouns with the suffix -l
Ex:"duckling" is a diminutive of "duck"
 Gramatical Case

• NOMINATIVE- Used for the subject

• ACCUSATIVE- Direct object

• DATIVE- indirect object or Object of as Preposittion

PLURAL
REGULAR FORMS
1.Nouns ending in a consonant, the plural is regularly formed
with n
EXAMPLE: the plural of ‫טיש‬tish 'table' is ‫טישן‬tishn.
2. Nouns ending in an unstressed vowel, the plural is regularly
formed with the suffix -s
EXAMPLE:the plural of ‫גרוּפע‬grupe 'group' is ‫גרוּפעס‬grupes
PLURAL
• IRREGUALR FORMS
• -es (these are usually nouns of Slavic origin)and -er with
umlaut (e.g., ‫מאַ ן‬man 'man' → ‫מענער‬mener 'men'; ‫קינד‬kind
'child' → ‫קינדער‬kinder 'children')
• or umlaut alone (e.g., ‫האַ נט‬hant 'hand' → ‫הענט‬hent 'hands')
• Some words do not change in the plural (e.g., ‫ֿפיש‬fish 'fish').
Nouns built on the diminutive suffixes -l and -ele form the
plural in -ekh
(e.g., ‫מײדל‬meydl 'girl' → ‫מײדלעך‬meydlekh 'girls').
ARTICLES
are a subcategory that falls under determiners.
Simply put, in the English language, not all
determiners are articles, but all articles are
determiners.
 Yiddish definite article
• Definite article Singular Plural
Masculine Neuter Feminine
• Nominative ‫דער‬der ‫די‬ ‫דאָ ס‬di ‫די‬di
• Accusative dos
‫דעם‬ dem ‫דעם‬
• Dative dem ‫דער‬der
adjectives
arewords that
generally modifies a
noun or noun phrase
or describes its
referent
2 TYPES OF ADJECTIVES
• Attributive directly modify a noun and are inflected to
agree with the gender, number and case of the noun they
modify.
Example:One says ‫דער גוטער מאַ ן‬der guter man 'the good man',
but ‫דער מאַ ן איז גוט‬Der man iz gut 'The man is good'.
• Predicate-not undergoing changes to express grammatical
functions or attributes (uninflected)
Example: in “Jack is handsome,” Jack is the subject, and handsome ( ‫שיין‬
sheyn) is the predicate adjective
PRONOUNS
•Verbs
• Yiddish verbs are conjugated for person (first,
second, and third) and number (singular and plural) in
the present tense. In the imperative, they conjugate
only for number. Nonfinite verb forms are the
infinitive and the past participle.
• The infinitive of a verb is formed with the suffix ‫ן‬- -n
(which takes the form ‫ען‬- -en in certain phonological
contexts). The imperative uses the base form of the
verb with no affixes in the singular, and takes the
suffix ‫ט‬- -t in the plural
 Past participle
• (so-called weak verbs) form the past participle by adding
the prefix - ‫גע‬ge- and the suffix ‫ט‬- -t to the stem, e.g.
‫געקויֿפט‬gekoyft 'bought'. However,
• strong verbs form the past participle with - ‫גע‬ge- and ‫ן‬- -n,
usually accompanied by a vowel change, e. g. ‫געהאָ לֿפן‬
geholfn 'helped' from the stem - ‫העלֿפ‬helf- 'help'. The
vowel change is unpredictable, and there is no way to tell
from the infinitive whether a verb is weak or strong.
Separable verbs
• Like German, Yiddish has a family of separable verbs.
These are verb stems co-occurring with a particle that
sometimes occurs as a prefix attached to the verb stem
and sometimes as a separate word. The particle appears
separate from the verb in the present tense, but is
attached as a prefix in the infinitive and participle. For
example, in ‫אויסזאָ גן‬oyszogn 'to reveal', the particle ‫אויס‬
oys is attached to the verb; but in the present tense ‫זאָ גט‬
‫אויס‬zogt oys 'reveals', the particle appears as a separate
word. In the past participle, the particle appears before
the prefix ge-, as in ‫אויסגעזאָ גט‬oysgezogt 'revealed'.
AUXILIARY VERB CONSTRUCTTION

• Yiddish does not have the inflected past tense (preterite).

Instead, the auxiliary verbs ‫האָ בן‬hobn 'to have' or ‫זײַ ן‬zayn
'to be' are used with the past participle of the verb to
construct the past tense. Most verbs take ‫האָ בן‬hobn; for
example, the past tense of ‫איך קויף‬ikh koyf 'I buy' is ‫איך‬
‫האָ ב געקויֿפט‬ikh hob gekoyft 'I bought'
SYNTAX
-It is the arrangement of words and
phrases to create a well-formed senntences
in a specific language
syntax or the word order
Yiddish exhibits Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) order
OR A SUBJECT-OBJECT VERB.
HERE’S AN EXAMPLE OF SVO PATTERN
oyb [dos yingl vet oyfn veg zen a kats]
S V 0
Whether the boy will on the way see a cat
syntax or the word order
HERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF OBJECT-SUBJECT-VERB
PATTERN

Dos bukh shik ikh avek

O V S
the book send I away
 HOPE YOU DID
ENJOY MY
PRESENTATION
 THANK YOU
FOR
WATCHING
AND GOD BLESS
YOU ALL!!