Pertimbangan Penentuan Regimen Dosis Obat: Dr. Tri Widyawati, M.Si, PH.D
Pertimbangan Penentuan Regimen Dosis Obat: Dr. Tri Widyawati, M.Si, PH.D
Pertimbangan Penentuan Regimen Dosis Obat: Dr. Tri Widyawati, M.Si, PH.D
Blok 9 FKG_KF4.1
September 2022
Outline
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dosis
• Drug consumption can be expressed in cost, number of units,
number of prescriptions or by the physical quantity of drugs.
• In g, mg, mcg, ml or UI
• Dose-response relationship
D
A
B
E
C
Types of Dose
• Effective dose (ED) or effective concentration (EC):
→ a dose or concentration of a drug that produces a biological
response.
The term effective dose is used when measurements are taken in
vivo, while the term effective concentration is used when the
measurements are taken in vitro
Types of Dose
• Lethal dose:
→a dose (usually recorded as dose per kilogram of subject body
weight) at which a given percentage of subjects will die.
• Toxic dose:
→ a dose that exceed the therapeutic efficacy of a drug
Types of Dose
• Optimum dose: the dose of drug that will produce the desired effect
with minimum likelihood of undesirable symptoms
• Maximum dose: the largest amount of a drug that an adult can take
with safety
• Minimum dose: the smallest amount of a drug that will produce the
desired effect in an adult
Ex: Digoxin
- Loading dose: 0.75-1.5 mg over 24 hours in divided dose
-Maintenance dose: 62.5-250 mcg daily , reduced in elderly!!
Calculate the dose in solution
• 2% lignocaine x 10 = 20 mg/ml
• 0.5% bupivacaine x 10 = 5 mg/ml
• 2.5% thiopentone x 10 = 25 mg/ml
• Epinephrine 1: 1.000
= 1 g epinephrine in 1000 ml
= 1000 mg epinephrine in 1000 ml
= 1 mg/ml
Calculation of Pediatric Drug Dosage
◼ Young’s rule:
dose = adult dose x (age in years)/(age + 12)
◼ Clark’s rule:
dose = adult dose x weight (kg)/70
dose = adult dose x weight (lbs)/150
◼ Body surface area
(neonate BSA/adult BSA) x 100 = % of adult dose needed
Contoh menghitung dosis PARASETAMOL untuk anak