Name: _____________________

Class: _____________
TEST 1
Time allowed: 180 minutes
I.LISTENING (5.0 points)
Part 1. For questions 1-5, listen to a piece of news about a cloud kitchen, Kitopi and decide whether
the following statements are True (T), False (F), or Not Given (NG) according to what you hear. Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
1. Kitopi has every intention of expanding its business on account of the soaring demands for food delivery.
2. Such issues as quality, speed and availability are not much problematic in traditional dining business.
3. Kitopi attempts to create ample space for up to 70 brands with a view to speeding up preparation.
4. Kitopi plans to achieve total automation for at least 40 percent of its products in the near future.
5. A lot of customers cancel their orders when drivers fail to deliver food within thirty minutes.
Your answers:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Part 2. For questions 6-10, listen to part of a news report about VaxiCode in Quebec and answer the
questions. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer.
6. Which system kicks in in Canada today?
_______________________________________________________
7. Who comprises the majority of customers in the interviewed café?
_______________________________________________________
8. What does the government give fully vaccinated people?
_______________________________________________________
9. How are restaurants, bars, gyms and the like described?
_______________________________________________________
10. What is the time from now until enforcement comes into effect called?
_______________________________________________________

Part 3. For questions 11-15, listen to a discussion in which two marine biologists, Gina Kelso and
Thomas Lundman, talk about an award-winning television film they made about wildlife in Antarctica,
and choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D which fits best according to what you hear. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
11. Gina’s interest in marine biology dates from
A. her earliest recollections of life in Africa.
B. one memorable experience in childhood.
C. the years she spent studying in England.
D. a postgraduate research project she led.
12. The first wildlife TV series they both worked on
A. made use of a previously untried format.
B. was not filmed in a natural environment.
C. was not intended to be taken too seriously.
D. required them to do background research.
13. How did Thomas feel when he was asked to produce the programmes about Antarctica?
A. disappointed not to be presenting the series
B. surprised that people thought he was suitable
C. uncertain how well he would get on with the team
D. worried about having to spend the winter there
14. When they were in Antarctica, they would have appreciated
A. a less demanding work schedule. B. more time to study certain animals.
C. a close friend to share their feelings with. D. a chance to share their work with colleagues.
15. What was most impressive about the whales they filmed?
A. the unusual sounds the whales made B. the number of whales feeding in a small bay
C. how long the whales stayed feeding in one area D. how well the whales co-operated with each other

Your answers:
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Page 1 of 13 pages
Part 4. For questions 16-25, listen to a talk about language and complete the following sentences.
Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS taken from the recording for each blank.
Unlike speakers of many regional dialects, which are incomprehensible to non-natives, those who speak three
different languages: (16) _______________________________________, can easily communicate.
One of the best-loved TV shows in Azerbaijan is (17) ____________________________________, often
shown without dubbing or subtitles.
It seems true that two ways of speaking should be considered two distinct languages or regional dialects
based on the (18) _____________________________________________.
Around the 16th century, a standardized language was developed in Europe with a view to supporting politics,
national defence and (19) a ___________________________________________________.
Promoting speech spoken in the capital as the standard spread throughout the world as a result of (20)
______________________________________________.
Florentine language became standard Italian because it was used by (21)
_______________________________ in their literary works.
A study conducted in 1999 revealed that the form of language used by tenants in (22)
______________________________ determined landlord’s answers.
Some people in the USA discount AAVE as deviant English, although it conforms to (23)
_______________________________________.
Linguists prefer to call different forms of English as varieties, between which there is a (24) _______________
distinction.
Over history, human language evolved and influenced each other, so forms of speech developed on a (25)
_____________________________________, which accounts for the beauty of language.
II. LEXICO AND GRAMMAR (3.0 pts)
Part 1: Choose the answer A, B, C, or D that best completes each of the following sentences. Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
1. We weren’t _____ happy about the decision.
A. altogether B. by and large C. in large measures D. in all
2. The speaker was given a very _____ welcome and roundly applauded.
A. cordial B. belligerent C. indolent D. erudite
3. Over the years, the various sports I used to play in my youth have ______ as I am no longer able to find the
time for them.
A. swept the board B. fallen by the wayside
C. fallen off the wagon D. dropped like a stone
4. He's got no manners! How can you tolerate such a(n) _____ person?’
A. placid B. cantankerous C. uncouth D. sullen
5. Whilst the cheetah has impressive acceleration over short distances, it cannot _____ sustain such speeds
for any significant length of time.
A. conceivably B. perceivably C. predictably D. comprehensively
6. The teacher _____ the girl’s mobile phone until after school os she was using if during lessons.
A. commissioned B. convened C. confiscated D. reneged
7. In order to recover from the sadness, he threw himself into a _____ of activities.
A. cyclone B. typhoon C. whirlwind D. hurricane
8. They're a real _____ organisation, interested in making a profit.
A. devil-may-care B. fly-by-night C. open-handed D. down-to-earth
9. I made a(n) _____ movement and knocked over all the glasses on the fable.
A. unwilling B. nonchalant C. outrageous D. involuntary
10. Anyone who lies under oath will be charged with _____ the course of justice.
A. perverting B. inverting C. converting D. diverting
11. All sides have to accept that the arbitrator's decision will be _____.
A. fixing B. tying C. binding D. compelling
12. We always invite George to our dinner parties he's a very _____ guest.
A. congenial B. congenital C concomitant D. confederate
13. The government is using the taxes from the working class to bail out the banks that ruined the economy?
That really _____! The most remarkable or foolish of its kind
Page 2 of 13 pages
A. sows wild oats B. spills the beans C. takes the biscuit D. upsets the apple cart
14. The party grew more and more _____ as the evening went on and did not end until dawn.
A. frayed B. sporadic C. swarthy D. raucous
15. Disagreements among party members have led to a major political _____.
A. tussle B. wrangle C. scrap D. squabble
16. Shelley refrained from mentioning Wilbur's theory since he was ___ of its limitations in the circumstances
pertaining.
A. concerned B. cognisant C. informed D. dubious
17. The mayor's _____ was a lavish affair, with lots of food and fine wine.
A. banquet B. barnacle C. borage D. boudoir
18. We can't possibly deal with all this work ourselves; let’s _____ some of it to a consultancy.
A. thrash out B. branch out C. splash out D. farm out
19. A(n) _____ of strikes had made life difficult for commuters.
A. onslaught B. clinch C. plague D. attack
20. A _____ moon shone through the heavy rain which beat down on the pavement.
A. pale B. feeble C. vague D. sullen
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Part 2: Write the correct form of each bracketed word in the in the space provided.
1. The concert was supposed to be a charity event but it had strong political _intonationovertones____.
TONE
2. She was old, fat and ___ungainly___, and had to struggle to get to her feet. GAIN
3. Tonight he faces the most __dubiousredoubtable__ opponent of his boxing career. DOUBT
4. The article is a ___blast-offcounterblast____ to the recent criticism of the government in the press.
BLAST
5. The top of the wooden chest was ___outlaidinlaid____ with gold. LAY
6. Five billion dollars of this year's budget is already _remarkedearmarked___ for hospital improvements.
MARK
7. UN investigators should be given _unhindered____ access to investigate abuses. HINDER
8. He _____sidestepped___ the issue by saying it was not his responsibility. STEP
9. This stretch of land was once covered with __luxuriant____ forest, but is now bare. LUXURY
10. The prison service should try to __rehabilitate_____ prisoners so that they can lead normal lives when
they leave prison. HABIT
III. READING (6.0 pts):
Part 1. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in
each space. Write your answers in the space provided.
Impressionism was a movement that fundamentally changed how art was (1) _perceived___ in the
late 19th century and many of the Impressionists have become so well known today that (2) _everyone__
recognizes their names and their work. What is (3) _less__ widely known is that women were also involved in
the movement, (4) __despite_ facing challenges.
These women (5) _shared__ artistic values with the other Impressionists. They emphasized color over
lines and shapes, and chose to depict transient moments from modern life, as (6) __opposed_ to painting
classical themes. They were interested in the movement of light and less (7) _concerned___ with strict realism
than the art establishment of the time. And alongside their male (8) _counterparts__ they faced repeated
rejection by the influential Académie, where art was judged and displayed in Paris, and (9) _participated__ in
the independent Impressionist exhibitions that were organized in response, first shocking and (10) __then__
winning over the public.
Your answers:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 2: Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to fill in each blank in the following passage. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
The Bridge
Our group (1) ___ silent at the base of a narrow steel ladder that rose vertically through the maze of
girders at the south-east end of Australia's Sydney Harbour Bridge. We needn't have worried about the first
part of the climb. Up to this point our guided tour had been little more than a (2) ___ but now our task was to
face the ladder. It must have been at least fifty feet high. There were handrails and our safety belts would be
tethered to a cable to (3) ___ a fall but the water couldn't have been less than 250 feet below us and the ( 4)
Page 3 of 13 pages
___ of climbing was daunting.
What lay at the top was stepping out on to the (5) ___ upper arch of the bridge, with blue sky all round
and the water almost 262 feet below. We ought to have found this out before embarking on what now seemed
a singularly (6) ___ mission!

My own (7) ___ was extreme, but, on this sparkling morning, I saw no option but to climb to the
summit of one of the world's best-loved icons - a miracle of engineering recognized by people everywhere. As
I climbed the tension (8) ___ out of me; I was driven by an exhilarating feeling of conquest. At the top, I
dropped my (9) ___ to the vast pool of the harbour below. It might just as well have been a mill pond from this
height. We stood on a small viewing deck in the warm sunshine, (10) ___ with excitement and arms raised
as our guide took a celebratory photograph.
1. A fell B came C rendered D dropped
2. A hobble B stride C saunter D conquer
3. A hold B halt C reduce D break
4. A perspective B proposal C probability D prospect
5. A. stripped B. unexposed C. converted D. unfolded
6. A negligent B reckless C careless D unthinking
7. A acrophobia B claustrophobia C agoraphobia D arachnophobia
8. A exuded B drained C leaked D came
9. A glare B glimpse C gaze D glance
10. A flushed B burned C drenched D flamed
Your answers:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3: Read the passage and do the tasks that follow.

Trends in the Indian fashion and textile industries
During the 1950s, the Indian fashion scene was exciting, stylish and very graceful. There were no
celebrity designers or models, nor were there any labels that were widely recognised. The value of a garment
was judged by its style and fabric rather than by who made it. It was regarded as perfectly acceptable, even for
high-society women, to approach an unknown tailor who could make a garment for a few rupees, providing the
perfect fit, finish and style. They were proud of getting a bargain, and of giving their own name to the end
result.
The 1960s was an era full of mischievousness and celebration in the arts, music and cinema. The
period was characterised by freedom from restrictions and, in the fashion world, an acceptance of innovative
types of material such as plastic and coated polyester. Tight-fitting kurtas and churidars and high coiffures
were a trend among women.
The following decade witnessed an increase in the export of traditional materials, and the arrival in
India of international fashion. Synthetics became trendy, and the disco culture affected the fashion scene.
It was in the early 80s when the first fashion store ‘Ravissant’ opened in Mumbai. At that time
garments were retailed for a four-figure price tag. American designers like Calvin Klein became popular. In
India too, contours became more masculine, and even the salwar kameez was designed with shoulder pads.
With the evolution of designer stores came the culture of designer fashion, along with its hefty price
tags. Whatever a garment was like, consumers were convinced that a higher price tag signified elegant
designer fashion, so garments were sold at unbelievable prices. Meanwhile, designers decided to get
themselves noticed by making showy outfits and associating with the right celebrities. Soon, fashion shows
became competitive, each designer attempting to out-do the other in theme, guest list and media coverage.
In the last decade of the millennium, the market shrank and ethnic wear made a comeback. During the
recession, there was a push to sell at any cost. With fierce competition, the inevitable occurred: the once hefty
price tags began their downward journey, and the fashion-show industry followed suit. However, the liveliness
of the Indian fashion scene had not ended - it had merely reached a stable level.
At the beginning of the 21 st century, with new designers and models, and more sensible designs, the
fashion industry accelerated once again. As far as the global fashion industry is concerned, Indian ethnic
designs and materials are currently in demand from fashion houses and garment manufacturers. India is the
third largest producer of cotton, the second largest producer of silk, and the fifth largest producer of man-made
fibres in the world.
The Indian garment and fabric industries have many fundamental advantages, in terms of a cheaper,
skilled work force, cost-effective production, raw materials, flexibility, and a wide range of designs with
sequins, beadwork, and embroidery. In addition, that India provides garments to international fashion houses
at competitive prices, with a shorter lead time, and an effective monopoly on certain designs, is accepted the

Page 4 of 13 pages
whole world over. India has always been regarded as the default source in the embroidered garments
segment, but changes in the rate of exchange between the rupee and the dollar have further depressed
prices, thereby attracting more buyers. So the international fashion houses walk away with customised goods,
and craftwork is sold at very low rates.
As far as the fabric market is concerned, the range available in India can attract as well as confuse the
buyer. Much of the production takes place in the small town of Chapa in the eastern state of Bihar, a name
one might never have heard of. Here fabric-making is a family industry; the range and quality of raw silks
churned out here belie the crude production methods and equipment. Surat in Gujarat, is the supplier of an
amazing set of jacquards, moss crepes and georgette sheers - all fabrics in high demand. Another Indian
fabric design that has been adopted by the fashion industry is the ‘Madras check’, originally utilised for the
universal lungi, a simple lower-body wrap worn in southern India. This design has now found its way on to
bandannas, blouses, home furnishings and almost anything one can think of.
Ethnic Indian designs with batik and hand-embroidered motifs have also become popular across the
world. Decorative bead work is another product in demand in the international market. Beads are used to
prepare accessory items like belts and bags, and beadwork is now available for haute couture evening wear
too.

Questions 1-7: Complete the notes below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each
answer. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
Indian fashion: 1950-2000
1950s
 No well-known designers, models or 1 ...................
 Elegant clothing cost little
 Women were pleased to get clothes for a 2 ................... price
1960s
 New materials, e.g. 3 ................... and polyester
 Fitted clothing and tall hairstyles
1970s
 Overseas sales of 4 ................... fabrics rose
 Influence of international fashion
1980s
 Opening of fashion store in Mumbai
 Popularity of American designers
 Clothing had a 5 ................... shape
 Designers tried to attract attention by presenting 6 ................... clothes and mixing with stars
1990s
 Fall in demand for expensive fashion wear
 Return to 7 ................... clothing
Your answers:
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7.

Questions 8-13: Decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F) or Not Given (NG).
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
8. At the start of the 21st century, key elements in the Indian fashion industry changed.
9. India now exports more than half of the cotton it produces.
10. Conditions in India are generally well suited to the manufacture of clothing.
11. Indian clothing exports have suffered from changes in the value of its currency.
12. Modern machinery accounts for the high quality of Chapa’s silk.
13. Some types of Indian craftwork which are internationally popular had humble origins.
Your answers:
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Part 4: In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed from the passage. Choose from
paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap.
THE NEW CONSUMERS
Have you ever considered your ten-year-old child a consumer? As parents, you may not have done, but a
growing number of business entrepreneurs are targeting 9- to 12-year-olds, and are doing very nicely, thank

Page 5 of 13 pages
you! We have acknowledged that teenagers have been the targets of advertisements for fast food outlets,
clothes, food and drink for many years, but preteens? Isn't that going too far? Doesn't it smack of immorality?
(1)
Today’s children aren’t just connected via modem - they possess mobile phones and pagers to boot. Other
generations absorbed product information through TV and magazines, but these children live in a
technological world which is, in many ways, more complex than ever before; they have access to information
from sources that were unimaginable fifty years ago. They have grown up in a world of information and
knowledge that is unmatched by previous eras.
(2)
Another consequence of the trend towards two-parent incomes is the increasing tendency for parents to take
their kids wherever they want to go, thus giving preteens more indirect purchasing power. And where do the
kids want to go? Fast food outlets. Take a walk along the high street and see the number of families eating in
such establishments, which give away 'free' toys with meals. The toys may be of dubious value, but they
appeal to the chains' target group.
(3)
Children of this generation are referred to as the ‘Millennials’ (born between 1982-2002) or ‘Generation Y’, and
are more likely to have friends from different ethnic or racial groups. They are also growing up in an era of
community. They have more activities to occupy their time, doing group project work in school, are involved in
extra-curricular activities together after school (so that their school day fits into their parents' work schedule)
and in the evening, they text friends and use the Internet. In contrast, their par ents grew up in an era more
concerned with individuality.
(4)
On the whole, advertisers have been slow to recognise the potential market for the elderly, as longevity and
the increased wealth of today's retirees had not been foreseen by many industries. Insurance companies were
amongst the first to tap this market, with ever-increasing success.
(5)
It must have taken a lot of courage for businesses to target the 9 to 12-year old market. They now understand
the critical powers of the group and do not underestimate their intelligence by being patronising. They don't try
to sell make-up to young girls, for example, on the grounds that they're not in the business of making their
customers grow up too quickly, but may well display nail varnish.
(6)
Of course, such ideas have their origins in children's radio programmes, which began in the 1950s and proved
very popular. In the 1960s, children's comics had Birthday Corners and would print a child's photograph during
the week of their birthday, even on occasion offering a small prize for each one published. Children always get
a thrill out of receiving presents or public recognition.
(7)
There is usually outrage when TV stations run a glut of advertisements for toys at children's viewing times
during the run-up to Christmas, but it seems that this type of direct marketing to 9- to 12-year-olds is becoming
accepted. Is this because the marketing is more direct and unashamed, or are the marketing people right in
their belief that our children are more sophisticated than previous generations, and that this makes them fair
game?

MISSSING PARAGRAPHS
A. Of course, parents still control the purse-strings of preteenagers, but these parents, known as the
generation of 'Baby Boomers', are those who deferred child-bearing until later than was the norm. They spend
less time on housework and food preparation, so have more time to spend with their cherished children.
B. Once such marketing proved effective, other manufacturers began to experiment with mail-order catalogues
for this group. As an inducement to their young consumers, some came up with the winning idea of a Birthday
Club, which sends birthday cards and small value gift vouchers to customers. Given that this age group
doesn't usually receive mail, they have hit upon a winning idea.
C. Not so, say the marketing people. These preteens are a lot more sophisticated than those of previous
generations. No one is implying that they have lost that innocence associated with childhood, but they are
influenced by the world around them and have become streetwise at an earlier age in several respects.
D. Such marketing seems quite tame compared with today's, but it was still rooted in consumerism. The radio
programmes wanted to compete with other stations and the comics aimed to increase their circulation.
E. Because there is more ethnic diversity in the modern world, youngsters are becoming accustomed to
different foods, and are more adventurous in their tastes than before. Not only do they see their friends eating
different food and share it with them, but there is also an unprecedented variety of convenience foods on the
market.
F. Another factor which influences these children is that: they increasingly come from two-income families, so
parents feel the need to be in close communication with their children. Because of the increase in the number
of working mothers, more children have been given greater responsibility. This does not mean that they are
Page 6 of 13 pages
neglected, but they are, of necessity, bigger consumers of high-tech equipment than their parents were.
G. However, children of today, despite their busy schedule, are still driven by fun, as were previous
generations. What is different now is that they can be more speedily gratified. Grandparents have long been
indulgent: towards their grandchildren, and now, as well as buying products which target children, also prepare
them for the future by taking out insurance policies or setting up trust funds, so that they will be ensured a
comfortable: life whilst at university or college.
H. One reason for the lack of foresight is that advertisers follow the theory that whichever age group contains
the largest numbers drives the culture and, historically, this has never been the elderly. The only other group
comparable in numbers to preteenagers is their parents, the Baby Boomers, but they have lost their appeal as
a target group for advertisers.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Part 5: Read an extract from an article and answer the questions. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided.
There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings on the
natural environment. Information which explains and promotes green and sustainable construction design,
strives to convince others of its efficacy and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue. Seldom do these
documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical systems for a
building, on how to utilise this knowledge on a practical level.
While the terms green and sustainable are often considered synonymous, in that they both symbolise
nature, green does not encompass all that is meant by sustainability, which can be defined as minimizing the
negative impacts of human activities on the natural environment, in particular those which have long-term and
irreversible effects. Some elements of green design may be sustainable too, for example, those which reduce
energy usage and pollution, while others, such as ensuring internal air quality, may be considered green
despite having no influence on the ecological balance.
Although there are a good many advocates of ‘green’ construction in the architectural industry, able to
cite ample reasons why buildings should be designed in a sustainable way, not to mention a plethora of
architectural firms with experience in green design, this is not enough to make green construction come into
being. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact lies with
the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project. If the owner considers green design
unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be factored into the design.
The commissioning process plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building he wants, in terms
of design, costs and risk. At the predesign stage, the owner’s objectives, criteria and the type of design
envisaged are discussed and documented. This gives a design team a solid foundation on which they can
build their ideas, and also provides a specific benchmark against which individual elements, such as costs,
design and environmental impact can be judged.
Owners who skip the commissioning process, or fail to take ‘green’ issues into account when doing so,
often come a cropper once their building is up and running. Materials and equipment are installed as
planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately. However, in time, the owner realises
that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied
with the results. These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased environmental
impact.
In some cases, an owner may be aware of the latest trends in sustainable building design. He may have
done research into it himself, or he may have been informed of the merits of green design through early
discussion with professionals. However, firms should not take it as read that someone commissioning a
building already has a preconceived idea of how green he intends the structure to be. Indeed, this initial
interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and promote the ways that green
design can meet the client’s objectives, thus turning a project originally not destined for green design into a
potential candidate.
Typically, when considering whether or not adopting a green approach, an owner will ask about
additional costs, return for investment and to what extent green design should be the limiting factor governing
decisions in the design process. (1) Many of these costs are incurred by the increased cooperation between
the various stakeholders, such as the owner, the design professionals, contractors and end-users. (2)
However, in green design, they must be involved from the outset, since green design demands interaction
between these disciplines. (3) This increased coordination clearly requires additional expenditure. (4) A client
may initially balk at these added fees, and may require further convincing of the benefits if he is to proceed. It
is up to the project team to gauge the extent to which a client wants to get involved in a green design project
and provide a commensurate service.
Of course, there may be financial advantage for the client in choosing a greener design. Case studies
cite examples of green/sustainable designs which have demonstrated lower costs for long-term operation,
ownership and even construction. Tax credits and rebates are usually available on a regional basis for projects
Page 7 of 13 pages
with sustainable design or low emissions, among others.
1. The writer’s main purpose is to ______.
A. explain to professionals how they can influence clients to choose greener designs
B. explain the importance of green building design in reducing long-term damage to the environment
C. explain to owners commissioning a building why ignoring green issues is costly and dangerous
D. explain to professionals why it is important to follow the correct procedures when a building is
commissioned
2. The examples of green and sustainable designs given in paragraph 2 show that ______.
A. designs must be sustainable in order for them to be described as green
B. for the purposes of this paper, the terms green and sustainable have the same meaning
C. some sustainable designs are green, while others are not
D. some designs are termed green, even though they are not sustainable
3. According to paragraph 3, the reason for the lack of green buildings being designed is that _____.
A. few firms have any experience in design and constructing buildings to a green design
B. construction companies are unaware of the benefits of green and sustainable designs
C. firms do not get to decide whether a building is to be constructed sustainably
D. firms tend to convince clients that other factors are more important than sustainability
4. In paragraph 4, what does the word ‘benchmark’ mean?
A. standard B. target C. process D. comparison
5. Which of the following is NOT true about the commissioning process?
A. It is conducted before the building is designed.
B. It is a stage that all clients go through when constructing a building.
C. It is a step in the design procedure in which the client’s goals are identified.
D. It provides the firm with a measure of how well they did their job.
6. In paragraph 5, what does the phrase ‘come a cropper’ mean?
A. experience misfortune B. change one’s mind
C. notice the benefits D. make a selection
7. In paragraph 6, the writer implies that ______.
A. most clients enter the commissioning process with a clear idea of whether or not they want a green building
B. designers are usually less concerned about green design than the clients are
C. the commissioning process offers a perfect opportunity to bring up the subject of green design
D. firms should avoid working with clients who reject green designs in their buildings
8. Where in paragraph 7 does this sentence belong?
In a typical project, landscape architects and mechanical, electrical and plumbing engineers do not
become involved until a much later stage.
A. (1) B. (2) C. (3) D. (4)
9. In paragraph 7, what does the phrase ‘balk at’ mean?
A. display shock towards B. agree to pay
C. question the reason for D. understand the need for
10. Green buildings are most likely to incur more expense than conventional buildings due to ______.
A. higher taxes incurred on sustainable buildings B. higher long-term operational costs
C. the higher cost of green construction materials D. increased coordination between construction teams
Your answers:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 6: You are going to read some extracts taken from an article on artificial intelligence. Choose from
the sections (A-E) the correct answer to each of the question from 1 to 10. The sections may be
chosen more than once.
THE MACHINE AGE
A. As the pace of technological development advances at ever greater speeds, society has had to come to
terms with some exceedingly rapid changes. This has led to some deep collective soul searching about the
effects of technology on ordinary lives. The question is whether the sudden adoption of the virtual world of
cyber space is having a profound effect on human isolation. Do people talk anymore? Or is communication
now mainly through the various electronic media that so many people use? Many lament the rise of these
media within society and wonder how far this virtual life will go. Will we reach the stage where we can actually
transpose our brains into an avatar and lives our lives vicariously in cyberspace? This could finally be the route
to immortality that has long been a subtle human desire, the ability to cheat death and for all.
B. But just how real the fears about the role of technology in our lives are is a complex question to answer.
And there is some evidence that we are simply worrying about the wrong thing. Research does not support the

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idea that the increased connectivity afforded people by the interest has led to greater social isolation. In fact, it
appears to have had the opposite effect, in that the people who are the most connected on social networks
tend to have greater social interaction and are more engaged in public life than those who do not use them.
The ease of use and convenience of new technologies have induced people to adapt to them and to do so at
great speed. It is this speed of change that has alarmed some people. It’s a phenomenon that could simply be
described as “The Shock of the New” and it’s one that has greeted all major societal changes throughout
history and it could, reasonably, be regarded as nothing more alarming than a process by which change
comes to be accepted.

C. So, are there any valid fears with regard to this sudden rise in technological breakthroughs? One possibly
legitimate fear is that the machines may, in the not so distant future, attain greater intelligence than humans.
As technology becomes more sophisticated, we come closer to the reality of artificial intelligence that exceeds
our own. The danger of this is that with so much of our future lives likely to be very deeply interconnected with
machines, they will, in a real sense, control our behavior even if it is only in very subtle, unobtrusive ways.
There is also something to be said for the idea that even now machines have extensive control in the
developed world. Were they to be suddenly switched off, entire sectors of our society would simply collapse.
There would be no access to banking, shopping, transport or communication.
D. In the end, we need to ask ourselves, as a society, whether this interconnectedness with technology is
something we should embrace or resist. And the truth of the matter is that it is almost impossible to envisage
an ideology that would seek to reverse the march of technology. Technology is now an inherent part of our
society and culture and so interwoven into every aspect of our lives that to remove it would essentially mean
the collapse of our civilization as it currently exists. No one would have thought it credible that suddenly, in the
19th century, the brakes should have been put on the industrial revolution and Europe and North America
should have returned to a rural farming existence. The same argument stands for the technology of today.
E. So, in essence, we have no real choice but to embrace technology and its inexorable rise within society. To
try to do otherwise is counterproductive to our own good as a species as well as an exercise in futility. That the
machines will gain in intelligence in the near future is inevitable, but there are ways to safeguard our systems
from nefarious control, as long as we remember that all systems need to have built-in checks and balances,
whether the systems are within or external to the machines in our lives. Humanity is, without doubt, now set
firmly on a path which is dominated by the integral coexistence of man and machine.
In which section are the following mentioned? Your answers
A refutation of a popular assumption about the way people socialize nowadays 1.
The possibility of living forever in the form of an avatar 2.
An explanation of anxiety about the advancing intelligence of machines 3.
The idea that face-to-face contact is diminishing rapidly 4.
Why concern about intelligent machines may be justified 5.
The possibility of human existence becoming an entirely virtual experience 6.
The need to ensure that all structures within society have measures to prevent them from 7.
becoming corrupt
The inevitability of the development of the intellectual capability of machines 8.
An example from the past used to illustrate the ridiculousness of a current idea 9.
The parts of society already entirely dependent on machine input 10.

D. WRITING (6.0 pts)

Part 1: Read the following extract and use your own words to summarize it. You MUST NOT copy or
rewrite the original. Your summary should be between 120 and 140 words long.
Being able to multitask is hailed by most people as a welcome skill, but not according to a recent study
which claims that young people between the ages of eight and eighteen of the so-called “Generation M” are
spending a considerable amount of their time in fruitless efforts as they multitask. It argues that, in fact, these
young people are frittering away as much as half of their time again as they would if they performed the very
same tasks one after the other.
Some young people are juggling an ever larger number of electronic devices as they study. At the
same time that they are working, young adults are also surfing the Internet, or sending out emails to their
friends, and/or answering the telephone and listening to music on their iPods or on another computer. As
some new devices come along, they are added to the list rather than replacing one of the existing devices.
Other research has indicated that this multitasking is even affecting the way families themselves
function as young people are too wrapped up in their own isolated worlds to interact with the other people
around them. They can no longer greet family members when they enter the house, nor can they eat at the
family table.
All this electronic wizardry is supposedly also seriously affecting young people’s performance at
university and in the workplace. When asked about their perception of the impact of modern gadgets on their

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performance of tasks, the overwhelming majority of young people gave a favorable response.
The response from the academic and business worlds was not quite as positive. The former feel that
multitasking with electronic gadgets by children affects later development of study skills, resulting in a decline
in the quality of writing, for example, because of the lack of concentration on task completion. They feel that
many undergraduates now urgently need remedial help with study skills. Similarly, employers feel that young
people entering the workforce need to be taught all over again, as they have become deskilled.
While all this may be true, it must be borne in mind that more and more is expected of young people
nowadays; in fact, too much. Praise rather than criticism is due in respect of the way today’s youth are able to
cope despite what the older generation throw at them.
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Part 2: Chart description

The chart and table below give information about what nursing graduates did after finishing their
courses in the UK in 2009. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features
and make comparisons where relevant.
You should write about 150 words.

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Part 3. Write an essay of about 350 words about the following issue.
Nowadays there is a growing shift towards the use of cashless transactions. While some people argue
in support of a cashless society, others are concerned about problems that follow. Discuss and give
your own opinions.
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--The end--

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