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Experts disagree on how to define and measure intelligence. Generally, intelligence involves abilities like reasoning, problem-solving, and planning. It involves learning from experience to recognize and solve problems. Theories of intelligence include the concept of general intelligence, the idea of multiple intelligences involving different skills, and the triarchic approach focusing on analytical, creative, and practical intelligence for adapting to environments.

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Katrina Mae Reyes
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56 views

Copy Intelligence Theory

Experts disagree on how to define and measure intelligence. Generally, intelligence involves abilities like reasoning, problem-solving, and planning. It involves learning from experience to recognize and solve problems. Theories of intelligence include the concept of general intelligence, the idea of multiple intelligences involving different skills, and the triarchic approach focusing on analytical, creative, and practical intelligence for adapting to environments.

Uploaded by

Katrina Mae Reyes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What Is Intelligence?

Despite substantial interest in the subject, there still isn't a consensus among experts about
the components of intelligence or whether accurate measurements of intelligence are even
possible.

Although contemporary definitions of intelligence vary considerably, experts generally agree


that intelligence involves mental abilities such as logic, reasoning, problem-solving, and
planning. Specifically, current definitions tend to suggest that intelligence is the ability to:

Learn from experience: ( The acquisition, retention, and use of knowledge is an important
component of intelligence.)

Recognize problems: (To use knowledge, people first must identify the problems it might
address.)

Solve problems: (People must then use what they have learned to come up with solutions to
problems.)

(Research on intelligence plays a significant role in many areas including educational


program funding, job applicant screening, and testing to identify children who need additional
academic help.)
History of Intelligence in Psychology

Given the intense interest in the concept of intelligence, some of the field's greatest minds
have explored it from numerous angles. Following are some of the major theories of
intelligence that have emerged in the last 100 years.

General Intelligence

British psychologist Charles Spearman (1863–1945) described the


concept of general intelligence, or the "g factor." After using factor
analysis to examine mental aptitude tests, Spearman concluded that
scores on these tests were remarkably similar.

Primary Mental Abilities

Psychologist Louis L. Thurstone (1887–1955) focused on seven primary mental abilities


rather than a single, general ability.3 These include:

Verbal comprehension: (The ability to define and understand words)


Perceptual speed: (The ability to see differences and similarities among objects)
Reasoning: (The ability to find rules)
Numerical ability: (The ability to solve mathematical problems)
Associative memory: (The ability to memorize and recall)
Word fluency:( The ability to produce words rapidly)
Spatial visualization: (The ability to visualize relationships)
●Multiple Intelligences

The theory of multiple intelligences proposes the differentiation of human intelligence into
specific modalities of intelligence, rather than defining intelligence as a single, general ability.
Haward gardner proposed eight different intelligences based on skills and abilities that are
valued in various cultures:

•Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence -The ability to control body movements and handle objects
skillfully

•Interpersonal intelligence: The capacity to detect and respond appropriately to the moods,
motivations, and desires of others

•Intrapersonal intelligence: The capacity to be self-aware and in tune with inner feelings,
values, beliefs, and thinking processes

•Logical-mathematical intelligence: The ability to think conceptually and abstractly, and to


discern logical or numerical patterns

•Musical intelligence: The ability to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and timbre

•Naturalistic intelligence: The ability to recognize and categorize animals, plants, and other
objects in nature

•Verbal-linguistic intelligence: Well-developed verbal skills and sensitivity to the sounds,


meanings, and rhythms of words

•Visual-spatial intelligence: The capacity to think in images and visualize accurately and
abstractly
●The Triarchic Approach to Intelligence

Psycologist Robert Sternberg defined intelligence as mental


activity directed toward purposive adaptation to, selection, and
shaping of real-world environments relevant to one's life.

● Sternberg proposed the concept of successful intelligence,which involves three


factors

•Analytical intelligence: The ability to evaluate information and solve problems


•Creative intelligence: The ability to come up with new ideas
•Practical intelligence: The ability to adapt to a changing environment

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