How Is Turing Test Used To Evaluate Intelligence of A Machine?
How Is Turing Test Used To Evaluate Intelligence of A Machine?
In 1950, Alan Turing introduced a test to check whether a machine can think like a human or not, this test is
known as the Turing Test. In this test, Turing proposed that the computer can be said to be an intelligent if it
can mimic human response under specific conditions.
Turing Test was introduced by Turing in his 1950 paper, "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," which
considered the question, "Can Machine think?"
The Turing test is based on a party game "Imitation game," with some modifications. This game involves
three players in which one player is Computer, another player is human responder, and the third player is a
human Interrogator, who is isolated from other two players and his job is to find that which player is machine
among two of them.
Consider, Player A is a computer, Player B is human, and Player C is an interrogator. Interrogator is aware
that one of them is machine, but he needs to identify this on the basis of questions and their responses.
The conversation between all players is via keyboard and screen so the result would not depend on the
machine's ability to convert words as speech.
The test result does not depend on each correct answer, but only how closely its responses like a human
answer. The computer is permitted to do everything possible to force a wrong identification by the
interrogator.
• Automated reasoning: To use the previously stored information for answering the questions.
• Machine learning: To adapt new changes and can detect generalized patterns.
• Vision (For total Turing test):To recognize the interrogator actions and other objects during a test.
• Motor Control (For total Turing test):To act upon objects if requested.
What is an intelligent agent? With examples, explain different type of intelligent agents
Artificial intelligence is defined as the study of rational agents. A rational agent could be anything that makes
decisions, as a person, firm, machine, or software. It carries out an action with the best outcome after
considering past and current percepts(agent’s perceptual inputs at a given instance). An AI system is
composed of an agent and its environment. The agents act in their environment. The environment may
contain other agents.
An agent is anything that can be viewed as:
• perceiving its environment through sensors and
Agents can be grouped into five classes based on their degree of perceived intelligence and capability:
• Simple Reflex Agents: The Simple reflex agents are the simplest agents. These agents take
decisions on the basis of the current percepts and ignore the rest of the percept history.
• Model-based Agents: The Model-based agent can work in a partially observable environment, and
track the situation. It consists of two important factors, which are Model and Internal State.
• Goal-based agents: The knowledge of the current state environment is not always sufficient to
decide for an agent to what to do. The agent needs to know its goal which describes desirable
situations.
• Utility-based agents: These agents are similar to the goal-based agent but provide an extra
component of utility measurement which makes them different by providing a measure of success at
a given state. Utility-based agent act based not only goals but also the best way to achieve the goal.
• Learning agents: A learning agent in AI is the type of agent which can learn from its past
experiences, or it has learning capabilities. It starts to act with basic knowledge and then able to act
and adapt automatically through learning.