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SAFETYDATA
SAFETY DATASHEET
SHEET
HYDRAULIC LIME
PORTLAND CEMENT

1 \ IDENTIFICATION OF THE MIXTURE AND THE COMPANY P501: Dispose of contents/container at an appropriate waste collection
1.1 \ Product identifier point.

Mixture name: Hydraulic lime 2.3 \ Other hazards

Commercial Designation: Hydraulic lime HL 5 Hydraulic lime does not meet the classification criteria as PBT or vPvB,
according to Annex XIII of REACH (Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006).
Packing Capacity:
25 kg bags
bulk No other hazards have been identified.

1.2 \ Identified uses of the mixture and uses advised against 3 \ COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON COMPONENTS
3.1\ Substances
Please check the uses identified in table 1 of the Annex to this SDS. Not applicable as the product is a mixture and not a substance.

3.2\ Mixtures
Uses advised against: None
3.2.1 \ Substance that poses a danger to health or the environment
1.3 \ SDS supplier identification
CIMPOR - Industria de Cimentos, SA Substance natural hydraulic lime
Avenida José Malhoa, 22, 1099-020 Lisbon % Mass in cement ÿ 90 (m/m)
Phone: +351 21 311 81 00 REACH Registration No. 01-2119475523-36-0005
EINECS 285-561-1
E-mail of the person responsible for the SDS: [email protected] CAS 85117-09-5
Hazard class/category Hazard Warnings
1.4 \ Emergency phone number H315: Causes skin
Skin irritation cat. two irritation
INEM, CIAV - Poison Information Center Classification
Serious eye H318: Causes serious
Regulation (EC) No.
Phone: 808 250 250 (Available 24 hours a day) 1272/2008 damage/eye irritation cat. 1 eye damage
Language: Portuguese Specific target organ toxicity, H335: May cause
respiratory tract irritation cat. 3 respiratory irritation

2 \ HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
2.1 \ Classification of the mixture impurities
According to Regulation No. 1272/2008 (CLP) There are no relevant impurities for classification or labeling.

hazard class hazard category 4\FIRST AID

skin irritation two 4.1 \ Description of first aid measures

Serious eye damage/eye irritation 1 general advice
Specific target organ toxicity - 3 Long term effects are not known. Consult a physician after exposure,
airway except in negligible cases.
2.2 \ Label elements after inhalation
According to Regulation No. 1272/2008 (CLP) Remove source of dust or move victim to fresh air.
Provide immediate medical care.
Danger Pictograms
After skin contact
Carefully clean the affected body part in order to remove all traces of the
product. Immediately wash the affected area with plenty of water. Remove
contaminated clothing. If necessary,
consult a doctor.

Signal identification word After eye contact

Danger Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water and consult a doctor.
Hazard Warnings
H315: Causes skin irritation after ingestion
H318: Causes serious eye damage Rinse mouth with water and then drink plenty of water. DO NOT induce
H335: May cause respiratory irritation vomiting. Consult the doctor.
Precautionary Recommendations
4.2 \ Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
P102: Keep out of the reach of children.
P261: Avoid breathing dust/vapours.
Hydraulic lime does not present acute oral, dermal or inhalation toxicity.
P280: Wear protective gloves / protective clothing / eye protection / face
The substance is classified as a skin and respiratory irritant and carries a
protection.
P305+P351+P338+P310: IF IN EYES: Rinse carefully with water for risk of serious eye damage.
There is no risk of adverse systemic effects as local effects (pH effects)
several minutes.
are the main health hazards.
If you wear contact lenses, remove them if possible. Continue to rinse.
Immediately contact a POISON CENTER or doctor
4.3 \ Indications about urgent medical care and necessary special
P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water. treatments
Whenever you contact a doctor following previous exposures, take this
P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in SDS with you.
a position comfortable for breathing. 5\ FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES
breathing. 5.1 \ Extinguishing media

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SAFETY DATA SHEET

HYDRAULIC LIME
PORTLAND CEMENT

Hydraulic lime is not flammable. Use dry powder, foam or CO2 Avoid inhalation or ingestion and contact with skin and eyes. General
extinguishers to extinguish surrounding fire. occupational hygiene measures are necessary to ensure safe handling of
the mixture. Such measures imply good personal hygiene and workplace
5.2 \ Special hazards arising from the substance cleanliness practices (ie regular cleaning with suitable cleaning devices).
none. Do not drink, eat or smoke in the workplace. At the end of the working
day, workers must shower and change clothes. Do not wear contaminated
5.3 \ Recommendations for firefighting personnel clothing at home.
Avoid dust dispersion. Use breathing apparatus. Use extinguishing media
that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding
environment. 7.2 \ Safe storage conditions, including any incompatibilities

6\MEASURES TO TAKE IN CASE OF ACCIDENTAL RELEASE Hydraulic lime should be stored in dry locations (minimized internal
6.1 \ Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency condensation), clean and protected from contamination. Contact with air
procedures and moisture must be avoided. Bulk storage must be carried out in suitable
silos.
6.1.1 \ For personnel not involved in the emergency response
Keep the substance away from acids, large amounts of paper, straw and
Ensure adequate ventilation. nitrogen compounds.
Keep dust levels to a minimum. Do not use aluminum containers for transport or storage if there is a risk
Keep unprotected people away. of contact with water.
Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing – wear suitable personal
7.3 \ Specific end uses
protective equipment (see section 8).
Please check the uses identified in table 1 of the annex to this SDS. For
Avoid inhalation of dust - ensure sufficient ventilation or respiratory
more information, see the corresponding exposure scenario in the annex.
protective equipment is used. Wear suitable protective equipment (see
section 8).
8\EXPOSURE CONTROL/PERSONAL PROTECTION
6.1.2 \ For personnel responsible for emergency response
8.1 \ Control parameters
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Keep dust levels to a minimum. According to NP 1796:2014 [Reference (1)], the weighted average
concentration for an 8-hour working day and a 40-hour week, to which
Keep unprotected people away. practically all workers are considered to be exposed, day after day day, no
Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing – wear suitable personal adverse health effects
protective equipment (see section 8). (VLE-MP), is from:
Avoid inhalation of dust - ensure sufficient ventilation or respiratory VLE - MP
protective equipment is used. Wear suitable protective equipment (see
Inhalable Ca(OH)2 Dusts 5 mg/m3
section 8).

6.2 \ Environmental precautions 8.2 \ Exposure control

Contain the spill. Keep material dry whenever possible. Cover spill area to To control potential hazards, dust dispersion must be avoided. Additionally,
prevent dust dispersion. Avoid uncontrolled spillage into waterways and the use of personal protective equipment is recommended. The use of
sewers (increased pH). In eye protection equipment (e.g. waterproof goggles or visors) is mandatory
In case of large spillage in water courses, inform the Portuguese unless the possibility of contact can be excluded by the nature or type of
Environment Agency (APA). activity/application (i.e. closed process). Respiratory protection, protective
clothing and safety footwear should be used where appropriate.
6.3 \ Methods and materials for containment and cleaning
In all cases, avoid dust dispersion.
Keep material dry whenever possible. Please check the relevant exposure scenario in the annex to this SDS.
Collect spillage or leak result by mechanical means.
Use suction systems or collect the product, with a shovel, into bags. 8.2.1 \ Appropriate technical controls
In hydraulic lime operations use engineering controls to keep dust levels
in the air below the recommended exposure limits, such as the use of
6.4 \ Reference to other sections
closed circuits with suction and filters.
For more information on exposure controls/personal protection or disposal
considerations, see sections 8 and 13 and the annex to this safety data
sheet. 8.2.2 \ Individual protection measures, namely personal protective
equipment
7\HANDLING AND STORAGE
Eye/ Face Protection: Do
7.1 \ Precautions for safe handling not wear contact lenses. Wear waterproof or panoramic safety
7.1.1 \ Protection measures glasses in accordance with EN 166 [Reference (2)] when handling
hydraulic lime to prevent contact
Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Wear personal protective equipment with the eyes. It is advisable to have individual pocket eyewash stations.
(see section 8 of this safety data sheet). Do not wear contact lenses when
Skin protection:
handling this product. It is advisable to have individual pocket eyewash
Wear protective nitrile gloves, clothing that reduces all forms of
stations. Keep dust levels to a minimum.
contact with the skin (full suits that completely cover the skin, long
Minimize dust dispersion. Dust sources should be kept in closed systems
pants, long-sleeved uniform with zips in the openings) and
with extraction and filtration. When handling the bagged product, the usual
protective footwear that prevents the penetration of dust and be resistant
precautions should take into account the risks described in Council
Directive 90/269/EEC. to caustic products.
Breath protection:
Local ventilation is recommended to keep dust levels below
7.1.2 \ General information on occupational hygiene established limits. Must wear mask

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SAFETYDATA
SAFETY DATASHEET
SHEET
HYDRAULIC LIME
PORTLAND CEMENT

with a particulate filter suitable for the dust level and which complies with Calcium oxide reacts with water and generates heat. This can be dangerous
the appropriate EN standard. with flammable materials.
Please check the relevant exposure scenario in the annex to this SDS.
10.4\ Conditions to avoid
Hydraulic lime must not be exposed to air and humidity to avoid its
Thermal Hazards: Not applicable.
degradation.
8.2.3\ Control of environmental exposure 10.5\ Incompatible materials
All ventilation systems must have a filter before exhausting to atmosphere. Hydraulic lime reacts exothermically with acids, forming salts.
Reacts with aluminum and brass in the presence of moisture, giving rise to
Contain the spill. Keep the material dry whenever possible. Cover spill area hydrogen:
to prevent dust dispersion. Avoid uncontrolled spills into water courses or
Ca(OH)2 + 2Al + 6H2O ÿ Ca[Al(OH)4]2 +3H2
drainage systems (increased pH). If there is a significant spill to waterways,
inform the APA. 10.6\ Hazardous decomposition products
None.
Please check the relevant exposure scenario in the annex to this safety Additional information: Calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide to
data sheet. form calcium carbonate, which is a common material in nature.

9. PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

9.1 \ General information on physicochemical properties 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Property characteristic 11.1 \ Information on toxicological effects

appearance Gray (brown) powder.
hazard class Effects
Odor Odorless
Oral: Oral LD50 > 2000 mg/kg body weight (OECD 425, substance Ca(OH)2,
olfactory threshold There is no threshold, odorless.
rat). The results are applicable to hydraulic (chemical) lime by comparison.
pH 12.3 (saturated solution at 20°C)
Dermal: no data available
Fusion point > 450ºC (study result, EU A.1 method) acute toxicity Inhalation: no data available
Boiling point Not applicable. Hydraulic lime does not show acute toxicity. The study of acute dermal or
inhalation toxicity with hydraulic lime is considered scientifically unjustified.
Flash point Not applicable. Acute toxicity classification is not warranted.

Rate and evaporation Not applicable.

Calcium hydroxide is irritating to the skin.
Flammability (solid, gas)
Non-flammable (result of study, method EU A.10) These results are applicable to hydraulic lime.
Based on experimental results on a similar substance, Hydraulic lime requires
Non-explosive (no chemical structures usually associated with explosive corrosion / irritation
Explosive limits classification as a skin irritant [R38, skin irritant.
properties).

Steam pressure Not applicable. Cat 2 skin irritant (H315 – causes skin irritation)]
Calcium hydroxide carries a risk of serious eye damage (eye irritation studies,
vapor density Not applicable.
in vivo, rabbit). These results
Relative density 2.70 (study result, EU A.3 method) eye injuries are applicable to hydraulic lime.
serious/irritation Based on experimental data with a similar substance, hydraulic lime is
water solubility Moderately soluble (result of study, method EU A.3) eyepiece classified as severely irritating to
partition coefficient Not applicable (inorganic substance). the eyes [R41, risk of serious damage to eyes; Cat eye injuries. 1 (H318 –
causes serious eye damage)].
auto ignition temperature There is no auto-ignition below 400ºC (result of study, method EU A.16)
No data available. Hydraulic lime is not considered a skin sensitizer, based on
the nature of its main effect (pH change) and the fact that calcium is an
decomposition
Not applicable. essential requirement for human nutrition. Furthermore, none of its constituent
temperature
Awareness compounds, major constituents or impurities, namely calcium carbonate,
Viscosity Not applicable. respiratory or calcium silicate and calcined clay minerals, are known to have any sensitizing
cutaneous potential.
No oxidizing properties (based on the chemical structure of the substances
present, the product does not contain excess oxygen or structural groups
Oxidizing
known to correlate with the tendency to react exothermically with combustible
properties Sensitization rating does not apply.
materials).
Bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ca(OH)2 and CaO, Ames tests, OECD
471): negative.
Chromosomal aberrations in mammals (Ca(OH)2): negative.
9.2\ Other information
Not applicable. Mutagenicity in cells
These results are applicable to hydraulic lime by similarity with Ca(OH)2.

germline Hydraulic lime does not contain any major constituents or impurities that are
10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY known to be genotoxic. The pH effect of hydraulic lime does not give rise to a
10.1 \ Reactivity mutagenic risk.
Human epidemiological data support the absence of any mutagenic potential
In an aqueous medium, Ca(OH)2 dissociates, resulting in the formation of of hydraulic lime.
Genotoxicity classification does not apply.
calcium cations and hydroxyl anions (when below the limit of solubility in
Calcium (when administered as calcium lactate) is not carcinogenic
water). (experimental result, rat). The pH effect does not give rise to a carcinogenic
risk. Human epidemiological data support the absence of any carcinogenic
carcinogenicity
10.2\ Chemical stability potential from hydraulic lime. The classification for the purposes

Hydraulic lime is stable as long as it is stored properly (see point 7). carcinogens does not apply.
Calcium (administered as calcium carbonate) is non-toxic for reproduction
(experimental result, mouse). The effect
10.3\ Possibility of hazardous reactions of pH does not give rise to a reproductive risk. Human epidemiological data
support the absence of any potential for reproductive toxicity from hydraulic
Hydraulic lime reacts exothermically with acids. When heated to over 580 lime.
In both animal and human clinical studies with various calcium salts no
°C, calcium hydroxide decomposes to produce calcium oxide (CaO) and toxicity
reproductive effects were found. Also see the Committee
water (H2O): reproductive
Food science (section 16.6). Thus, hydraulic lime is not toxic for reproduction
Ca(OH)2 ÿ CaO + H2O or development. Classification according to Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 for
reproductive toxicity is not required.

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SAFETY DATA SHEET

HYDRAULIC LIME
PORTLAND CEMENT

hazard class Effects 12.3 \ Bioaccumulation potential

Based on human data with CaO and Ca(OH)2 and by comparison Not relevant as hydraulic lime is an inorganic material.
with similar substances, it is concluded that hydraulic lime is irritating
to the respiratory tract.
STOT - dose As assessed in the SCOEL (2008) recommendations, based on 12.4 \ Mobility on the ground
only
human data with CaO and Ca(OH)2 and by comparison with similar
substances, hydraulic lime is classified as an airway irritant [R37, Hydraulic lime reacts with water and carbon dioxide, forming, respectively,
airway irritant; STOT SE 3 (H335 – may cause respiratory irritation)].
calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, which are sparingly soluble and
have low mobility in most soils.
Oral calcium toxicity is obtained through the upper intake levels (UL)
for adults, determined by the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF),
with UL = 2500 mg/day, corresponding to 36 mg/kg of body weight/ 12.5 \ Results of the PBT and vPvB assessment
day (70 kg person) for calcium. The toxicity of hydraulic lime via the
dermal route is not considered to be relevant given the negligible Not relevant as hydraulic lime is an inorganic material.
absorption through the skin and because local irritation is the first
effect to appear (pH change).
STOT - dose
12.6 \ Other adverse effects
repeated
Hydraulic lime toxicity by inhalation (local effect, mucosal irritation) There are no other adverse effects.
is obtained by a TWA (8h) determined for CaO and Ca(OH)2 by the
Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits (SCOEL) of
1 mg/m3 of breathable dust.
13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
13.1 \ Methods of treatment and waste
Classification of hydraulic lime as toxic after prolonged exposure is
not necessary. Hydraulic lime waste disposal must comply with current legislation.
danger of Processing, use or contamination of this product may alter waste
Hydraulic lime does not present a risk of aspiration.
aspiration management options. THE
disposal of the packaging and unused contents must be carried out in
12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION accordance with the applicable requirements in force.
12.1 \ Toxicity The packaging used is for the product only and must not be reused for other
purposes. After use, empty the packaging completely.
12.1.1 \ Acute/prolonged toxicity to fish

• LC50 (96 hours) for freshwater fish: 50.6 mg/l (Ca(OH)2) Packing:
• LC50 (96 hours) for saltwater fish: 457 mg/l (Ca(OH)2) Completely empty packaging and process in accordance with National and
local legislation.
12.1.2\Acute/prolonged toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
LER code: 15 01 01 (paper and cardboard packaging waste);
• EC50 (48 hours) for freshwater invertebrates: 49.1 mg/l (Ca(OH)2)
LER code: 15 01 02 (plastic packaging waste);
• LC50 (96 hours) for saltwater invertebrates: 158 mg/l
LER code: 15 01 03 (wood packaging waste).
(Ca(OH)2)
14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
12.1.3 \ Acute/prolonged toxicity to aquatic plants Hydraulic lime is not covered by international regulations for the transport of
• EC50 (72 hours) for freshwater algae: 184.57 mg/l (Ca(OH)2) hazardous materials (IMDG, IATA, ADR/RID) and therefore no classification
is required.
• NOEC (72 hours) for freshwater algae: 48 mg/l (Ca(OH)2)
No special precautions other than those mentioned in 8 are required.
12.1.4 \ Acute/prolonged toxicity to microorganisms eg bacteria
14.1 \ UN Number
At high concentration, by increasing the temperature and pH, calcium oxide Not applicable.
is used for the disinfection of sewage sludge.
14.2\ Own UN boarding designation
12.1.5 \ Acute/prolonged toxicity to aquatic organisms Not applicable.
• NOEC (14 days) for saltwater invertebrates: 32 mg/l 14.3\ Class(es) of dangerous transport
(Ca(OH)2)
Not applicable.
12.1.6 \ Acute/prolonged toxicity to soil organisms 14.4\ Packing group
• EC10/CL10 or NOEC for soil microorganisms: 2 000 mg/kg soil Not applicable.
on dry basis (Ca(OH)2)
14.5\ Hazards for the environment
• EC10/CL10 or NOEC for soil microorganisms: 12 000 mg/kg of
Not relevant.
dry base soil (Ca(OH)2)
14.6\ Special precautions for the user
12.1.7 \ Acute/prolonged toxicity to terrestrial plants
Not applicable.
• NOEC (21 days) for terrestrial plants: 1 080 mg/kg (Ca(OH)2)
14.7\ Transport in bulk in accordance with Annex II of the MARPOL73/78
12.1.8 \ General effect Convention and the IBC Code.
The pH effect is relevant. Although the product is used to correct water Not applicable.
acidity, an excess of more than 1 g/l can be harmful to aquatic life. A pH
value greater than 12 will rapidly decrease as a result of dilution and 15. INFORMATION ON LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS
carbonation.
15.1 \ Health, safety and environmental regulations/legislation specific
12.2 \ Persistence and degradability to the substance or mixture.
Not relevant as hydraulic lime is an inorganic material. European regulatory information.

(1) Commission Regulation (EU) No 2015/830 of 28 May 2015 amending

Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the

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SAFETY DATASHEET
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HYDRAULIC LIME
PORTLAND CEMENT

European Parliament and Council on Registration, Evaluation, REACH - Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of
Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). Chemicals (European Regulation for the
(2) Commission Regulation (EU) No 453/2010 of 20 May 2010 amending Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and
Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of Restriction of Chemicals)
the Council on registration, evaluation, authorization and restriction RID - Regulations for the international transport of
of chemicals (REACH). hazardous materials by rail
(3) Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of SCOEL - Scientific Committee for Occupational Exposure Limits
the Council of 16 December 2008 – CLP Regulation (which amends
and repeals Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC and amends STOT - Specific target organ toxicity
the Regulation (EC) no. 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and ELV - MP - Exposure limit value - Weighted average
of the Council of 18 December 2006 – REACH). TWA - Time Weighted Average

National Regulatory Information. 16.3\ Key reading references and data sources
(1) Decree-Law No. 220/2012 of 10 October (ensures the execution in
(1) NP 1796:2014 - Safety and Health at Work. Limit values for
the domestic legal order of the obligations arising from the
occupational exposure to chemical agents.
obligations arising from Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008).
(2) Decree-Law No. 293/2009 of 13 October (transposes Regulation (EC) (2) EN 166:2001 - Individual eye protection. Specifications.
No. 1907/2006, of the European Parliament and of the Council, of (3) Anonymous, 2006: Higher tolerable intake levels of vitamins and
18 December (REACH) and creates the Agency of Chemicals). minerals. Scientific Committee for Food, European Food Safety
Authority, ISBN: 92-9199-014-0 [SCF document].
(3) European Agreement on Social Dialogue for the Prevention of
Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica" and its
(4) Anonymous, 2008: Scientific Committee Recommendation on
"Guide to Best Practices for the protection of workers' health through
Occupational Exposure Limits (SCOEL) for Calcium Oxide (CaO)
the correct handling and use of crystalline silica and related
and Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), European Commission, DG
products" (http ://www.nepsi.eu/agreement-good practice-guide/ Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities Opportunities,
good-practice-guide.aspx). SCOEL / SUM /137, February 2008.
15.2\ Chemical risk safety assessment
16.4\ Training Council
An assessment of the chemical safety of natural hydraulic lime was carried out.
In addition to health, safety and environmental training programs to be
provided to workers, companies must ensure that workers read, understand
16. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
and apply the requirements of this safety data sheet.
16.1 \ Modification information
This Safety Data Sheet is the 1st edition.
16.5\ Limitation of Liability
16.2\ Abbreviations and acronyms
The information contained in this safety data sheet reflects the current
ADR - Agreement for the transport of hazardous materials by knowledge available and is reliable provided that the product is used in
road accordance with the indicated conditions and for the application specified
APA - Portuguese Environment Agency on the packaging and/or in the technical guide literature. Any other use of
CAS - Chemical Abstracts Service the product, including its use in combination with any other product or any
EC50 - Mean effective concentration: statistically determined other process, is at the
concentration at which it is estimated to cause a user responsibility.
defined non-lethal effect in 50% of a given It is implied that the user is responsible for determining appropriate
population of organisms under defined conditions security measures and for enforcing legislation covering their own activities.

EC10 - Mean effective concentration: statistically determined

concentration that is estimated to cause a defined For other information contact:
non-lethal effect in 10% of a given population of
organisms under defined conditions COMMERCIAL TECHNICAL SERVICE
Avenida José Malhoa
CL50 - Lethal concentration for 50% of test animals die 1099-020 LISBON
Phone: 21 940 86 00
CL10 - Lethal concentration for 10% of test animals die
www.cimpor-portugal.pt
DL50 - Lethal dose at which 50% of test animals die

EINECS - European Inventory of Existing Commercial ATTACHMENT

chemical substances
SDS - Safety Data Sheet Exposure scenarios for the production and use of natural hydraulic lime.
IATA - International Air Transport Association
IBC - International Code for Construction and the
Ship Carrier Equipment
Hazardous Chemicals in Bulk
IMDG - Hazardous materials by international sea

LER - European Waste List

vPvB - Very persistent and very bioaccumulative
NOEC - Concentration with no observable effect
UN - United Nations
PBT - Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic

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