SURBHI ASSIGNMENTS TOPIC : SETS MATHEMATICS- XI

ASSIGNMENT-MATHEMATICS CLASS-XI
SETS

Set: A well-defined collection of objects.

In everyday life, we often speak of collections of objects of a particular kind, such as, a pack of cards,
students of class XI, a cricket team, etc. In mathematics also, we come across collections, for
example, of natural numbers, points, prime numbers, etc. More specially, we examine the following
collections:
(i) Odd natural numbers less than 20, i.e., {1, 3, 5, 7, 9,11,13.15,17,19}
(ii) The vowels in the English alphabet, namely, { a, e, i, o, u}
(iii) Prime factors of 210, namely, { 2,3,5 ,7 }
(iv) The solution of the equation: x2 – 5x + 6 = 0,is given by { 2, 3}

(I) Sets are usually denoted by capital letters A, B, C, X, Y, Z, etc.

(II) The elements of a set are represented by small letters a, b, c, x, y, z, etc.
# If a is an element of a set A, we say that “ a belongs to A” the Greek symbol  (epsilon),it is used
to denote the phrase ‘belongs to’. Thus, we write a  A. If ‘b’ is not an element of a set A, we write b
 A and read “b does not belong to A”.
# Thus, in the set V of vowels in the English alphabet, a  V but b  V.
# In the set P of prime factors of 30, 3  P but 15  P.

There are two methods of representing a set :

(i) Roster or tabular form
(ii) Set-builder form.
(i) In roster form, all the elements of a set are listed, the elements are being separated
by commas and are enclosed within braces { }. For example, the set of all even positive integers less
than 7 is described in roster form as {2, 4, 6}. Some more examples of representing a set in roster
form are given below :
(a) The set of all natural numbers which divide 42 is {1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 42}.
In roster form, the order in which the elements are listed is immaterial.
Thus, the above set can also be represented as {1, 3, 7, 21, 2, 6, 14, 42}.
(b) The set of all vowels in the English alphabet is {a, e, i, o, u}.
(c) The set of odd natural numbers is represented by {1, 3, 5, . . .}. The dots tell us that the list of odd
numbers continue indefinitely.

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# It may be noted that while writing the set in roster form an element is not generally repeated, i.e., all
the elements are taken as distinct. For example, the set of letters forming the word ‘SCHOOL’ is { S,
C, H, O, L} or {H, O, L, C, S}. Here, the order of listing elements has no relevance.

(ii) In set-builder form, all the elements of a set possess a single common property which is not
possessed by any element outside the set. For example, in the set {a, e, i, o, u}, all the elements
possess a common property, namely, each of them is a vowel in the English alphabet, and no other
letter possess this property. Denoting this set by V, we write
V = {x : x is a vowel in English alphabet}
It may be observed that we describe the element of the set by using a symbol x (any other symbol like
the letters y, z, etc. could be used) which is followed by a colon “ : ”. After the sign of colon, we write
the characteristic property possessed by the elements of the set and then enclose the whole description
within braces. The above description of the set V is read as “the set of all x such that x is a vowel of
the English alphabet”.
In this description the braces stand for “the set of all”, the colon stands for “such that”.
For example, the set
A = {x : x is a natural number and 3 < x < 10} is read as
“the set of all x such that x is a natural number and x lies between 3 and 10.”
Hence, the numbers 4, 5, 6,7, 8 and 9 are the elements of the set A.
If we denote the sets described in (a), (b) & (c) above in roster form by A, B,C, respectively,
then A, B, C can also be represented in set-builder form as follows:
A= {x : x is a natural number which divides 42}
B= {y : y is a vowel in the English alphabet}
C= {z : z is an odd natural number}

*The union of two sets A and B is the set of all those elements which belong to A or B.
Symbolically, we write A U B = {x : x ∈ A or x ∈ B}
Some Properties of the Operation of Union
a. A ∪ B = B ∪ A (Commutative law)
b. ( A ∪ B ) ∪ C = A ∪ ( B ∪ C)(Associative law )
c. A ∪ ∅ = A (Law of identity element, ∅ is the identity of ∪)
d. A ∪ A = A (Idempotent law)
e. U ∪ A = U (Law of U)
*The intersection of two sets A and B is the set of all those elements which belong to both A and B.
Symbolically, we write A ∩ B = {x : x ∈ A and x ∈ B}
*If A and B are two sets such that A ∩ B = ∅, then A and B are called disjoint sets.

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For example, let A = { 2, 4, 6, 8 } and B = { 1, 3, 5, 7 }. Then A and B are disjoint sets, because
there are no elements which are common to A and B.
Some Properties of Operation of Intersection
a. A ∩ B = B ∩ A (Commutative law).
b. ( A ∩ B ) ∩ C = A ∩ ( B ∩ C ) (Associative law).
c. ∅ ∩ A = ∅, U ∩ A = A (Law of ∅ and U).
d. A ∩ A = A (Idempotent law)
e. A ∩ ( B ∪ C ) = ( A ∩ B ) ∪ ( A ∩ C ) (Distributive law ) i. e.,∩ distributes over ∪
* A set A is said to be subset of a set B if every element of A is also an element of B.
* If a set contains n no. of elements then no. of subsets will be 2n
* The collection of subsets of a set A is called the power set of A denoted by P(A).
* If every element of A is also an element of B, then sets A and B are said to be equal.
*Difference of sets A - B= {x : x ∈ A and x ∉ B}
*Complement of a set A= A′ ={x : x ∈ U and x ∉ B}
Some Properties of Complement Sets
 Complement laws: (i) A ∪ A′ = U (ii) A ∩ A′ = ∅
 De Morgan’s law: (i) (A ∪ B)´ = A′ ∩ B′ (ii) (A ∩ B )′ = A′ ∪ B′
3. Law of double complementation : (A′ )′ = A
4. Laws of empty set and universal set ∅′ = U and U′ = ∅.

* n(AUB) = n(A) +n(B) – n(A∩B)

* n(AUBUC) = n(A) +n(B) + n(C) – n(A∩B) – n (A∩B)- n(A∩B)+n(A∩B∩C)
........................................................................................
ASSIGNMENT:
1. Write the solution set of the equation x2+5 x – 6 = 0 in roster form.
2. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Insert the appropriate symbol ∈ or ∉ in the blank spaces:
a. 5 ∈ .A (ii) 8 ∉ A (iii) 0. . .A (iv) 4. . . A (v) 2. . .A (vi) 10. . .A
3. Write the set {x :x is a positive integer and x2< 45} in the roster form.
4. List all the elements of the following sets :
a. A = {x : x is an odd natural number}
b. B = {x : x is an integer,-1/2 <x <9/2 }
c. C = {x : x is an integer, x2≤ 4}
d. D = {x : x is a letter in the word “ROYAL”}
e. E = {x : x is a month of a year not having 31 days}
f. F = {x :x is a consonant in the English alphabet which precedes k }.

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5. Write the set A = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, . . . }in set-builder form.

6. Write the following sets in the set-builder form :
(i){3, 6, 9, 12} (ii) {2,4,8,16,32} (iii) {5, 25, 125, 625} (iv) {2, 4, 6, . . .} (v) {1,4,9, . . .,100}
7. Match each of the set on the left described in the roster form with the same set on the right
described in the set-builder form :
(i) {P, R, I, N, C, A, L} (a) { x : x is a positive integer and is a divisor of 18}
(ii) { 0 } (b) { x : x is an integer and x2 – 9 = 0}
(iii) {1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18} (c) {x : x is an integer and x + 1= 1}
(iv) {3, –3} (d) {x : x is a letter of the word PRINCIPAL}

8. Write the following sets in roster form:

A = {x : x is an integer and –5<x < 7}
B = {x : x is a natural number less than 13}
C = {x : x is a two-digit natural number such that the sum of its digits is 8}
D = {x : x is a prime number which is divisor of 60}
E = The set of all letters in the word SURBHI
F = The set of all letters in the word BUILDER

9. State which of the following sets are finite or infinite :

a. {x : x ∈ N and (x – 1) (x –2) = 0}
b. {x : x ∈ N and x2= 4}
c. {x : x ∈ N and 2x –1 = 0}
d. {x : x ∈ N and x is prime}
e. {x : x ∈ N and x is odd}
10. Find the pairs of equal sets, if any, give reasons:
A = {0}, B = {x :x > 15 and x < 5, x ∈ N},
C = {x :x – 5 = 0 }, D = {x: x2= 25, x ∈ N},
E = {x :x is an integral positive root of the equation x2– 6x –27 = 0}.
11. Which of the following pairs of sets are equal? Justify your answer.
a. X, the set of letters in “ALLOY” and B, the set of letters in “LOYAL”.
b. A = {n :n ∈ Z and n2 ≤ 4} and B = {x : x ∈ R and x2– 3x + 2 = 0}.
12. Which of the following are examples of the null set
a. Set of odd natural numbers divisible by 2
b. Set of even prime numbers
c. { x : x is a natural numbers, x < 5 and x > 7 }

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d. { y : y is a point common to any two parallel lines}

13. Which of the following sets are finite or infinite
a. The set of months of a year
b. {1, 2, 3, . . .}
c. {1, 2, 3, . . .99, 100}
d. The set of positive integers greater than 100
e. The set of prime numbers less than 99
14. State whether each of the following set is finite or infinite:
a. The set of lines which are parallel to the x-axis
b. The set of letters in the English alphabet
c. The set of numbers which are multiple of 5
d. The set of animals living on the earth
e. The set of circles passing through the origin (0,0)
15. In the following, state whether A = B or not:
a. A = { a, b, c, d } B = { d, c, b, a }
b. A = { 4, 8, 12, 16 } B = { 8, 4, 16, 18}
c. A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} B = { x : x is positive even integer and x ≤ 10}
d. A = { x : x is a multiple of 10}, B = { 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, . . . }
16. Are the following pair of sets equal ? Give reasons.
a. A = {2, 3}, B = {x : x is solution of x2+ 5x + 6 = 0}
b. A = { x: x is a letter in the word FOLLOW}B = { y : y is a letter in the word WOLF}
17. From the sets given below, select equal sets :
A = { 2, 4, 8, 12}, B = { 1, 2, 3, 4}, C = { 4, 8, 12, 14}, D = { 3, 1, 4, 2}
E = {–1, 1}, F = { 0, a}, G = {1, –1}, H = { 0, 1}
18. Consider the sets ∅, A = { 1, 3 }, B = {1, 5, 9}, C = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}.
Insert the symbol ⊂ or ⊄ between each of the following pair of sets:
a. ∅ . . . B (ii) A . . . B (iii) A . . . C (iv) B . . . C
19. Match each of the set on the left in the roster form with the same set on the right
described in set-builder form:
a. {1, 2, 3, 6} (i) {x : x is a prime number and a divisor of 6}
b. {2, 3} (ii) {x : x is an odd natural number less than 10}
c. {M,A,T,H,E,I,C,S} (iii) {x : x is natural number and divisor of 6}
d. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} (iv) {x :x is a letter of the word MATHEMATICS}.
20. Let A = { a, e, i, o, u} and B = { a, b, c, d}. Is A a subset of B ? Is B a subset of A?
21. Let A, B and C be three sets. If A ∈ B and B ⊂ C, is it true thatA ⊂ C?. If not, give an
example.

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22. Make correct statements by filling in the symbols ⊂ or ⊄ in the blank spaces :
a. { 2, 3, 4 } . . . { 1, 2, 3, 4,5 }
b. { a, b, c } . . . { b, c, d }
c. {x : x is a student of Class XI of your school}. . .{x : x student of your school}
d. {x : x is a circle in the plane} . . .{x : x is a circle in the same plane withradius 1 unit}
e. {x :x is a triangle in a plane} . . . {x : x is a rectangle in the plane}
f. {x :x is an equilateral triangle in a plane} . . . {x : x is a triangle in the same plane}
g. {x :x is an even natural number} . . . {x : x is an integer}
23. Examine whether the following statements are true or false:
a. { a, b } ⊄ { b, c, a }
b. { a, e } ⊂ { x : x is a vowel in the English alphabet}
c. { 1, 2, 3 } ⊂ { 1, 3, 5 }
d. { a }⊂ { a, b, c }
e. { a }∈ { a, b, c }
f. { x : x is an even natural number less than 6} ⊂ { x : x is a natural numberwhich
divides 36}
24. Let A = { 1, 2, { 3, 4 }, 5 }. Which of the following statements are incorrect and why?
(i){3, 4} ⊂ A (ii) {3, 4} ∈ A (iii) {{3, 4}} ⊂ A(iv) 1 ∈ A (v) 1 ⊂ A (vi) {1, 2, 5} ⊂ A
(vii) {1, 2, 5} ∈ A (viii) {1, 2, 3} ⊂ A (ix)∅∈ A (x) ∅ ⊂ A (xi) {∅} ⊂ A
25. Write down all the subsets of the following sets
(i){a} (ii) {a, b} (iii) {1, 2, 3} (iv) ∅
26. How many elements has P(A), if A = ∅?
27. Write the following as intervals :
a. {x : x ∈ R, – 4 < x ≤ 6}
b. {x : x ∈ R, – 12 < x < –10}
c. {x : x ∈ R, 0 ≤ x < 7}
d. {x : x ∈ R, 3 ≤ x ≤ 4}
28. Write the following intervals in set-builder form :
(i) (– 3, 0) (ii) [6 , 12] (iii) (6, 12] (iv) [–23, 5)
29. What universal set(s) would you propose for each of the following :
(i) The set of right triangles. (ii) The set of isosceles triangles.
30. Given the sets A = {1, 3, 5}, B = {2, 4, 6} and C = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8}, which of the
following may be considered as universal set (s) for all the three sets A, B and C
a. {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
b. {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}

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c. {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
d. {}
31. Let A = { 2, 4, 6, 8} and B = { 6, 8, 10, 12}. Find A∪ B.
32. Let A = { a, e, i, o, u } and B = { a, i, u }. Show that A ∪ B = A
33. Let X = {Ram, Geeta, Akbar} be the set of students of Class XI, who are in school hockey
team. Let Y = {Geeta, David, Ashok} be the set of students from Class XI who are in the
school football team. Find X ∪ Y and interpret the set.
34. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} and B = { 2, 3, 5, 7 }. Find A ∩ B and hence show that
A ∩ B = B.
35. In each of the following, determine whether the statement is true or false. If it is true, prove it.
If it is false, give an example.
a. If x ∈ A and A ∈ B , then x ∈ B
b. If A ⊂ B and B ∈ C , then A ∈ C
c. If A ⊂ B and B ⊂ C , then A ⊂ C
d. If A ⊄ B and B ⊄ C , then A ⊄ C
e. If x ∈ A and A ⊄ B , then x ∈ B
f. If A ⊂ B and x ∉ B , then x ∉ A
36. (i) Let V = { a, e, i, o, u } and B = { a, i, k, u}. Find V – B and B – V
(ii) Let A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, B = { 2, 4, 6, 8 }. Find A – B and B – A.
37. Find the union of each of the following pairs of sets :
a. X = {1, 3, 5} Y = {1, 2, 3}
b. A = [ a, e, i, o, u} B = {a, b, c}
c. A = {x : x is a natural number and multiple of 3},B = {x : x is a natural number less
than 6}
d. A = {x : x is a natural number and 1 <x ≤ 6 },B = {x : x is a natural number & 6 <x
<10 }
e. A = {1, 2, 3}, B = 
38. Let A = { a, b }, B = {a, b, c}. Is A ⊂ B ? What is A ∪ B ?
39. If A and B are two sets such that A ⊂ B, then what is A ∪ B ?
40. Decide, among the following sets, which sets are subsets of one and another:
A = { x : x ∈ R and x satisfy x2 – 8x + 12 = 0 },
B = { 2, 4, 6 }, C = { 2, 4, 6, 8, . . . }, D = { 6 }.
41. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {3, 4, 5, 6}, C = {5, 6, 7, 8 }and D = { 7, 8, 9, 10 }; find
(i)A ∪ B (ii) A∪ C (iii) B ∪ C (iv) B ∪ D (v) A ∪ B ∪ C (vi) A ∪ B ∪ D (vii) B ∪ C ∪ D
42. If A = { 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 }, B = {7, 9, 11, 13}, C = {11, 13, 15}and D = {15, 17}; find

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(i)A ∩ B (ii) B ∩ C (iii) A ∩ C ∩ D(iv) A ∩ C (v) B ∩ D (vi) A ∩ (B ∪ C)(vii) A ∩ D (viii)

A ∩ (B ∪ D) (ix) ( A ∩ B ) ∩ ( B ∪ C ) (x)( A ∪ D) ∩ ( B ∪ C)
43. If A = {x : x is a natural number }, B = {x : x is an even natural number}C = {x : x is an odd
natural number}and D = {x : x is a prime number }, find A ∩ B (ii) A ∩ C (iii) A ∩ D(iv) B
∩ C (v) B ∩ D (vi) C ∩ D
44. Which of the following pairs of sets are disjoint
a. {1, 2, 3, 4} and {x : x is a natural number and 4 ≤ x ≤ 6 }
b. { a, e, i, o, u } and { c, d, e, f }
c. {x : x is an even integer } and {x : x is an odd integer}
45. If A = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21}, B = { 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 },C = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 }, D =
{5, 10, 15, 20 }; find (i)A – B (ii) A – C (iii) A – D (iv) B – A(v) C – A (vi) D – A (vii) B –
C (viii) B – D(ix) C – B (x) D – B (xi) C – D (xii) D – C
46. If X= { a, b, c, d } and Y = { f, b, d, g}, find
(i) X – Y (ii) Y – X (iii) X ∩ Y
47. If R is the set of real numbers and Q is the set of rational numbers, then what is R – Q?
48. State whether each of the following statement is true or false. Justify your answer.
a. { 2, 3, 4, 5 } and { 3, 6} are disjoint sets.
b. { a, e, i, o, u } and { a, b, c, d }are disjoint sets.
c. { 2, 6, 10, 14 } and { 3, 7, 11, 15} are disjoint sets.
d. { 2, 6, 10 } and { 3, 7, 11} are disjoint sets.
49. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} and A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}. Find A′.
50. Let U be universal set of all the students of Class XI of a coeducational school and A be the
set of all girls in Class XI. Find A′.
51. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, A = {2, 3} and B = {3, 4, 5}.Find A′, B′ , A′ ∩ B′, A ∪ B and hence
show that ( A∪ B )′ = A′ ∩ B′.
52. Let U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }, A = { 1, 2, 3, 4}, B = { 2, 4, 6, 8 } andC = { 3, 4, 5, 6 }.
Find (i) A′ (ii) B′ (iii) (A ∪ C)′ (iv) (A ∪ B)′ (v) (A′)′ (vi)(B – C)′
53. If U = { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h}, find the complements of the following sets :
(i) A = {a, b, c} (ii) B = {d, e, f, g}
(ii) C = {a, c, e, g} (iv) D = { f, g, h, a}
54. Taking the set of natural numbers as the universal set, write down the complements
of the following sets:
a. {x : x is an even natural number} (ii) { x : x is an odd natural number }
b. {x : x is a positive multiple of 3} (iv) { x : x is a prime number }
c. {x : x is a natural number divisible by 3 and 5}
d. { x : x is a perfect square } (vii) { x : x is a perfect cube}

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e. { x : x + 5 = 8 } (ix) { x : 2x + 5 = 9}
f. { x : x ≥ 7 } (xi) { x : x ∈ N and 2x + 1 > 10 }
55. If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }, A = {2, 4, 6, 8} and B = { 2, 3, 5, 7}. Verify that
(i) (A ∪ B)′ = A′ ∩ B′ (ii) (A ∩ B)′ = A′ ∪ B′
56. Draw appropriate Venn diagram for each of the following :
(i) (A ∪ B)′, (ii) A′ ∩ B′, (iii) (A ∩ B)′, (iv) A′ ∪ B′
57. Let U be the set of all triangles in a plane. If A is the set of all triangles with at least one angle
different from 30, what is A′?
58. Fill in the blanks to make each of the following a true statement :
(i) A ∪ A′ = . . . (ii) ∅′ ∩ A = . . (iii) A ∩ A′ = . . . (iv) U′ ∩ A = . . .
59. If X and Y are two sets such that X ∪ Y has 50 elements, X has 28 elements and Y has 32
elements, how many elements does X ∩ Y have ?
60. In a school there are 20 teachers who teach mathematics or physics. Of these, 12 teach
mathematics and 4 teach both physics and mathematics. How many teach physics ?
61. In a class of 35 students, 24 like to play cricket and 16 like to play football. Also, each
student likes to play at least one of the two games. How many students like to play both
cricket and football ?
62. In a survey of 400 students in a school, 100 were listed as taking apple juice, 150 as taking
orange juice and 75 were listed as taking both apple as well as orange juice. Find how many
students were taking neither apple juice nor orange juice.
63. There are 200 individuals with a skin disorder, 120 had been exposed to the chemical C1, 50
to chemical C2, and 30 to both the chemicals C1 and C2. Find the number of individuals
exposed to
(i) Chemical C1 but not chemical C2 (ii) Chemical C2 but not chemical C1
(iii) Chemical C1 or chemical C2
64. If X and Y are two sets such that n ( X ) = 17, n ( Y ) = 23 and n ( X ∪ Y ) = 38,
Find n ( X ∩ Y ).
65. If X and Y are two sets such that X ∪ Y has 18 elements, X has 8 elements and Y has 15
elements ; how many elements does X ∩ Y have?
66. In a group of 400 people, 250 can speak Hindi and 200 can speak English. How many people
can speak both Hindi and English?
67. If S and T are two sets such that S has 21 elements, T has 32 elements, and S ∩ T has 11
elements, how many elements does S ∪ T have?
68. If X and Y are two sets such that X has 40 elements, X ∪ Y has 60 elements and X ∩ Y has 10
elements, how many elements does Y have?

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69. In a group of 70 people, 37 like coffee, 52 like tea and each person likes at least one of the two
drinks. How many people like both coffee and tea?
70. In a group of 65 people, 40 like cricket, 10 like both cricket and tennis. How many like tennis
only and not cricket? How many like tennis?
71. In a committee, 50 people speak French, 20 speak Spanish and 10 speak both Spanish and
French. How many speak at least one of these two languages?
72. Show that the set of letters needed to spell “ CATARACT ” and the set of letters needed to
spell “ TRACT” are equal.
73. List all the subsets of the set { –1, 0, 1 }.
74. A market research group conducted a survey of 1000 consumers and reported that 720
consumers like product A and 450 consumers like product B, what is the least number that
must have liked both products?
75. In a survey of 600 students in a school, 150 students were found to be taking tea and 225 taking
coffee, 100 were taking both tea and coffee. Find how many students were taking neither tea
nor coffee?
76. In a group of students, 100 students know Hindi, 50 know English and 25 know both. Each of
the students knows either Hindi or English. How many students are there in the group?
77. In a survey of 60 people, it was found that 25 people read newspaper H, 26 read newspaper T,
26 read newspaper I, 9 read both H and I, 11 read both H and T, 8 read both T and I, 3 read all
three newspapers. Find:
a. the number of people who read at least one of the newspapers.
b. the number of people who read exactly one newspaper.
78. In a survey it was found that 21 people liked product A, 26 liked product B and 29 liked
product C. If 14 people liked products A and B, 12 people liked products C and A, 14 people
liked products B and C and 8 liked all the three products. Find how many liked product C only.
79. Out of 500 car owners investigated, 400 owned car A and 200 owned car B, 50 owned both A
and B cars. Is this data correct?
80. A college warded 38 medals in football, 15 in basketball and 20 in cricket.If these medals went
to a total of 58 men and only three men got medals in all the three sports, how many received
medals in exactly two of the three sports ?

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