Automation and Robotics Week 01 Theory Notes 20ME51I
Automation and Robotics Week 01 Theory Notes 20ME51I
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Course Outcome
In a conventional production supply chain, it consists of all the steps involved in getting a product from a raw
material into the hands of the customer. Typically, the supply chain begins with the vendors or suppliers.
These are the businesses that provide raw materials. Next in the supply chain is manufacturing. This is the
process of converting the raw materials into products that are ready to sell. The final step is distribution which
can involve multiple different intermediaries. Some of these middle-men could be wholesalers, retailers,
distributors, and even the internet.
Often, different stages within the supply
chain are referred to as upstream or
downstream. Upstream operations are those in
which the materials flow into the
organization. Downstream operations are
those in which materials (mostly in the form
of finished products) flow away from the
organization to the customers. Similarly, the term logistics is used when talking about a business’s supply
chain. Inbound logistics are related to the upstream activities and include all of the movement of the product
before manufacturing. They involve receiving materials, storing them, and the manufacturing processes
required to produce the product. Of course, outbound logistics are related to the downstream operations
involving just about all of the movement of the product once it is a finished good.
Sensor level is also called as process layer. It uses the sensors and actuators to get the values of the process
variables in continuous or periodical manner. These act as eyes and arms of the industrial processes. Some of
these instruments include pneumatic instruments, smart instruments, etc.
Automation control level or control layer uses industrial control devices like PC’s/PLC’s/DCS, etc. This level
utilizes the various embedded processors, PID algorithms to control the process.
Supervising level or SCADA layer gets lots of channel information and stores the data in the system database.
It acquires data from various control devices and displays them on HMI’s (Human Machine Interface). It also
gives alarm to indicate the levels of the process and control variables. It uses special software to get the data
and communication protocols to interact with the field devices.
Enterprise level performs the tasks like scheduling, orders and sales, product planning, etc.
1. Fixed Automation
In this sequence of operations to be performed are fixed by the equipment configuration.
It is used in high volume production with dedicated equipment. Examples of this
automation system are automated assembly lines, distilled process, machine transfer
lines.
2. Programmable Automation
In this, sequence of operations can be changed by changing the program. Sequence of
operations is varied based on the different product configurations. Also new programs
can be entered into the programmable devices for the new products. This type of system
is used in batch processes, steel rolling mills, industrial robots, etc.
4. Integrated Automation
In this type total system is fully automated under computer control. Starting from designing process to the
dispatching, whole system is completely automated. Even the equipment is handled by the robots. This system
is used in computer integrated manufacturing systems.
Discuss the feasibility (possibility)of the operations that can be Automated in a Production system
here, automation can be defined as a technology concerned with the application of mechanical, electronic, and
computer-based systems to operate and control production.
The automated elements of the production system can be separated into two categories:
(1) automation of the manufacturing systems in the factory and
(2) computerization of the manufacturing support systems.
Automated manufacturing systems operate in the factory on the physical product. They perform operations
such as processing, assembly, inspection, or material handling, in some cases accomplishing more than one
of these operations in the same system. They are called automated because they perform their operations with
a reduced level of human participation compared with the corresponding manual process.
Examples of automated manufacturing systems include:
• automated machine tools that process parts
• transfer lines that perform a series of machining operations
• automated assembly systems
• manufacturing systems that use industrial robots to perform processing or assembly operations
• automatic material handling and storage systems to integrate manufacturing operations
• automatic inspection systems for quality control
Industrial cloud computing is a broad term for cloud technology used in asset-intensive industries such as
manufacturing, telecommunications, mining, construction, waste and water management, and energy
generation/distribution. Industrial cloud computing provides the infrastructure for the transmission of data to
the applications that operators are using on computers or mobile devices.
g) Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity for Industry enables continuously monitored and integrated security. Cover now all levels of
security simultaneously with Siemens. More information Defence in Depth. Industrial Security. Latest news
& alerts. Protecting productivity.
h) Advanced Materials and Additive Manufacturing
The Advanced Materials and Manufacturing research group specialises in materials science, applied
mechanics, bio-engineering, mechatronics, manufacturing systems, logistics and supply chain management.
Additive manufacturing (AM) or additive layer manufacturing (ALM) is the industrial production name for
3D printing, a computer controlled process that creates three dimensional objects by depositing materials,
usually in layers.
i) Modelling, Simulation, Visualization, And Immersion
Modelling provides a definite recommendation for action in a specific situation, while simulation allows users
to determine how a system responds to different inputs so as to better understand how it operates. Immersive
visualization is an accessible, easy-to-use technology that turns 3D BIM (Building Information Modelling)
models into engaging spatial experiences of design that participants can explore. These tools help architects
to refine and reshape their design—from initial concept to final design review.
1) Sensors Technology
Sensors, sometimes referred to as” transducers,” help us interact with the world around us through an electrical
or a mechanical device. The technology measures or detects some property of the environment or changes to
that property over time. Sensors are classified broadly into two types:
a) Exteroceptive sensor
If the sensor captures data about the environment outside the system in which it is present, it is an
exteroceptive sensor. “Extero” means outside or from the surroundings, and some common examples are
camera, LiDAR, radar, and ultrasonic/sonar sensors.
b) proprioceptive Sensors:
A sensor is proprioceptive if it records data about the system itself. “Proprios” means internal or one’s own,
and some common examples include GPS, inertial measurement unit (IMU), and position sensors. Sensors
also categorize as digital or analog based on the type of output they provide.
• A single controller with integrated software handles multiple functions across multiple domains.
• Modular designs make expansion easier.
• Networking and communication capabilities link systems and provide more accurate and timely data.
• Total system cost is lowered because integrated hardware and software are less expensive
• Modular design improves cash flow.
• Extensive analog control capabilities.
• PACs tend to be smaller in size and more durable.
• Runs in a scheduled cyclic mode
Day 05 Session:
Developmental Weekly Assessment + Industry Assignment
Day 06 Session:
Industry Class on Sensors and Actuators+ Industry Assignment