Assignment -3

Question 1

it
[ 2)
2 3
A =

, o

0 -2 1

"
We
compute A
by GJE .

\ ]
43
"

2/3
!}
=
"
A
-

,,
y,z -5/12
% % %

(§) (-5/131,3 2)
"

A
=

=) u=
-5/3 ,
Y =
131,2 ,
2- =

't
*

Questions : -

(a) Let u be a solution of Ax=o

Then C) =
C. 0 = C. ( A. a) = ( c. A) -
u = In .

u=u
 Thus the
only solutions to Ax=O has trivial soln .

( i.e
, unique solution )

rank (A) = rank ( Alb ) =

# columns of A n

"

A is invertible .

(a) have
(b) From part we B is .
invertible .

definition )
Hence ,
A is inverse of B.
t.BY
AB =I=BA .
Thus B is inverse of A .

Hence A is invertible .

Problem 3 N④y=2e+y -1

Let c- R and X ,µeR

my ,z

of
commutativity ④ i a ④
y
=

nty
-1 =
ytn
-1 =

y④x

AsaHvifg of i
⑦ @ ④ g) ⑦ 2- @ + y 1) ④ Z
-

-2
=
sexy
-1+2--1
Ntytz
=

✗ ④ (
y ④ Z ) =
at
Cytz .
-

1) =
✗
tytz
-

i -
i
-

atytz
-2 =Én④Y)④Z
 Additiveidntitg n④y=
aty-i-a-y-i.it
i a ⇐

identity is w.r.t.to

Additive i ✗ ④
key -1=1 ⇐
y=z
inverse
y =L ⇐ -
a
-

i. 4- a) is the additive inverse of x w -

r -

t -

s-alarm-tiplicat-noy.olm.se ) = 70 ( MK -

1) + 1) =
7 'µ( x
-

1) +1 =
µµ)oa

Fox =n tx the -11+1=2 the 7=1

I ① se = U
fu

Distributivity of scalar multiplication over vector addition

to ( y) ✗ ① ( nty ) ✗ laty 2) I
n =
-1 =
-
+

✗ ( n 1) +1 + ✗ ly 1) +1 -2
-
-

=
(74-1)+1 ) ④
( ✗ Ly -11+1 )

= ✗ ON ④
toy

Distributivity of addition of scalars over scalar multiplication:

✗ +
µ) Ok =
( ✗ tuk
-

1) +1 =
71×-1 ) -11 + Fly -17+1-1
 =
404 -14.0yd -
I =
( ton -1040g )

Problem ↳ i

s is subspace ( 0,0 ,o ) C- 5 d=0

( ally Caz S
-4 ) yz , Zz )
,
C-
, , ,

and , +
by ,
-1 CZ
,
= 0
,
Anz -1
byztczz =0

a ( n -1W ,
+
bly -1yd, t [ (2-1+2-2) =
0

@ i /
Yi , -21 ) + ( aziyz Zz ) ,
C- 5 .

He ,iY , ,
2- 1) = ( In , , Xy , ,
72 , ) c- S

s subspace d--0
if
is

Problem 5 i

lay (0,0/1) c- S but C- 1) (0/0,1)--10,0 ,

-

DIES

Not closed under scalar multiplication .

(b) No .

( 0,0 , 1) C- S but 2- 1010,1 ) & s

(f) Yes .
Use Problem 4 with a=b=1 ,
c= -1 & d=O .
 Problem 6 :

(A) Stt and 5ft

2- a
,+y C-
Katy -C
=
, , zz=
,

CRIES , Y ET )
,

2-
,
+
Zz
=

kity ,
+
Katy , =
µ , -122 ) + ly -1yd
,
ES -1T

}
"

in "

( associativity
Y
Use
commutativity and

✗ z ,
=
✗ ( agg ) =
✗ nitty C- 5 -1T .

Stt is a
subspace .

(b) a
,y
C- SAT .
Since sit are
subspaces • +
yes ,
T

and ✗ rest c-
sntpmd ✗ see snt
arty
.

(c)
5 CS -1T T C S -1T LSCSUT ) CS -1T
,

{
irnnes }
vii.
LSCSUT )
'T
aivitazvzt + ainvn : -

- - -
-

d) i -

-
an
C- IF
,

V
Vz Uh C- 50T C SIT =) 9141

anvnc-sp-TS.to
i
-

,
-

, ,
. .
.

Lscsut ) and LSCSUT ) is vector sµb space

Stt C LSCSUT ) .

✗ +
Y
(d) Assume soft and Tots .

F sees tact
and
yet
and gets .
 xty Ks ( If
ntyes ,
then y=( aty ) -

aces ⇐ )

similarly sexy f- T .

So
sexy ¢-50T
.

Contra dits Kut) is a

subspace ( as
xiytsut )

Problem 7

(a) Need to show

all , 1,0 ) + bl
-

1) 1,0 ) + c (1) 0,2 ) + d( 1,0 ,

-

4) = ( 1,1 ,
/ )

has more than one solution for Laib ,c,d ) c- RZ .

bio d. Sdn
9=1
C
%
=
% is
-

a
;
.

, , ,

b D= 50th
7/6 5/7
-1
c=
-

a- -
o
,
,
,
is a
-

2
2 2 2

(b) No .

From
part (a)
(2/0,0)
) (b bz ) ( -111,0 ) ( 4) (1) 0,2)
'

=(a ) (1) 1,0 Cz -1

-

az + =
- -

, ,
,

( dz -
d ,
) ( 1,0 , -4 )

C- SAT .

(1) 110 ) b / -1,1>0 ) -1C / 1,021-1 di 11,0 4)

-

a. t , ,
,

=
artist > 07 -1 bzl -1,110 ) -11211,0 > 2) + d ,z( 1,0 , -

)
u
Problem 8 : -

(a) Cleary given vectors

belong to the
subspace -

w .

Linear
span
C W .
Let cnn.az ,Nz > Ky ) C- W

R
N Nz A
} Ny Ny =
-1221-23
-

-
=
-

, ,

( a.) { f- 1:14:41 :|
N
,
N ,

"
=
.

3 23
k
-1%-1^3
-

nu ,

W linear
7h -1 )
C
span .

antbytcztdw __ ☐

( -7,011 )
(b) Clearly C- 211,0 ) , satisfy a
-12g -172=0
Now as in Ca) to show
argue

G. 1,01 and (-7/0,1) spans the given set

-

( x
, 21-2 > =
C- 2y+$7z , y ,
Z ) =
yl -2,110 )
zl -7,0, / )
Problems +

(a) We determine LSCS )

 •

Ii :) -14 : :/ + a-
1 : :)

/ )
2-
=
Y ntoftz
a-
y=a
-17=6 has
0 My ✗ +
y
nty =D soln .

faib.de/R
↳ (s ) =

{ ( Ibd ) : a. b. DER
}
f. ;] Mulk )
°

¢ Lsts ) so Lsts ) =L .

(b)
Adding the matrix
[ ] where
* *
40
c *

to makes it
s a
spanning set .

In particular
adding [ ;)
°
to s makes it a

set
spanning
.

Problem to : -

1 : : : :/ I :÷:* :-. /
"
2 a 1 8 0 a -

y
-

I 8- 2b

% / -21
,
 (1)
(
R

]
t a- 2 0 8- b
-12,
"

o a
-4
-

I 8- 2b =
A
O Y -2N 2- -
n t - Rb

RREFIA ) is
unique we need that

first first of R
'

row of A = row .

at
C. :
By noting that pivot 11,1 ) position in R
is possible from first row of A)

a- 2 =
2 8- b =3

a-
-4 & b=5 .

this
'

Substituting in A we
get

(
y-znz-nt.se/RREFlA')--R
'

A =
I 2 0 3
O O
f 2
-
-

2( t -5k )
22=4 & z ✗
-

so (b) is not possible

Problem 11 :

[ d)
a b
be matrix
c.
E Maxim symmetric .

b=c .

[ d) / :/ -1dL :?)
b

/ if ]
Then a
=
a
'
+ b .

b o

symmetric matrices c Lsts )

S Symmetric of
Since matrices
Symmetric
.
C

matrices have
is a
subspace we

LSCS ) C
Symmetric 2×2 matrices .

Problem 12 .

(a)
court )= is
{ (d) i
,
[ %) }
{ [ ÷cz+i ] }
NEA ) = Ls

,
 colla )
{ (& ) [ 9) }
.
= ls

{ [ ] }
NIA
't
) =
Ls Y
ice ;)
-

(b) Rank ( At ) =
Rank / A) = column rank (A) = 2

(c)

NAT ) =
is

/ ( ) } ti
Zi -11

(d) Yes .

Check from description of NCA )

'

,
Colla ) .