A

Micro Project Report

On
A report on vehicular pollution impact on environment.

Submitted By
Rutuja Pote

Under Guidance of
Mrs. M. M. Gawade
Diploma Course in Information Technology
(As per directives of I Scheme, MSBTE)

Sinhgad Institutes
Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s
SOU. VENUTAI CHAVAN POLYTECHNIC, PUNE - 411041
ACADEMIC YEAR 2022 - 2023
 Maharashtra State Board of technical
Education Certificate
This is to certify that Ms. Rutuja Pote with Roll No. 12of Fifth
Semester of Diploma in Information Technology of Institute Sou.
Venutai Chavan Polytechnic (Code: 0040) has successfully
completed the Micro-Project in Envirnoment Studies (22509) for
the academic year 2022-2023.

Place: SVCP, Pune Enrolment No: 20004000083

Date: Exam Seat No:

Mrs.M.M.Gawade Mr. U.S. Shirshetti Dr. M.S. Jadhav

Subject Teacher Head of Department Principal
 Maharashtra State Board of technical
Education Certificate
This is to certify that Mr.Sumit Chavan with Roll No.17 of Sixth
Semester of Diploma in Information Technology of Institute Sou.
Venutai Chavan Polytechnic (Code: 0040) has successfully
completed the Micro-Project in Management (22509) for the
academic year 2021-2022.

Place: SVCP, Pune Enrolment No: 1900400132

Date: Exam Seat No:

Mrs.M.M.Gawade Mr. U.S. Shirshetti Dr. M.S. Jadhav

Subject Teacher Head of Department Principal
 Annexure - I
Part A-Micro project proposal

1. BRIEF INTRODUCTION:

This report provides individual case studies of workplace health and safety systems in
ten New Zealand organizations. The case studies were completed on contract to the
Independent Taskforce on Workplace Health and Safety1. The case studies aim to
illustrate: • the nature of health and safety systems operating in NZ workplaces • how
health and safety representatives operate in workplaces and how managers and
employees interact with regard to health and safety • how these systems and processes
are influenced by the size of the workplace, nature of industry and organizational form.
An outline of the methodology used to conduct the case studies is provided below,
followed by the case study reports.

AIM OF THE PROJECT:

The Project A report on vehicular pollution impact on environment.

2. INTENTED COURSE OUTCOME:

1 Use basic management principles to execute daily activities.

2 Use principles of planning and organizing for accomplishment of tasks.
3 Use principles of directing and controlling for implementing the plans.

3. LITERATURE REVIEW:
Accidents and disasters in any area of life raise urgent questions about why and how they
happened. There are usually two key concerns: to find out who, if anyone, is to blame
and to learn lessons to avoid a repeat of the incident. Child welfare services have been no
exception to this response, especially in the UK, US, Canada, Australia and New
Zealand. When children die or there are other adverse outcomes, inquiries have been
conducted to examine the services offered to the families and to learn lessons to improve
practice. Some recommendations from these inquiries have been highly influential in
shaping the development of child welfare practice. One of the earliest carried out in the
UK was the
 Dennis O’Neil inquiry in 1945 (Home Office, 1945) . This revealed the inadequate
standard of assessment and supervision of the foster home in which Dennis was placed
and subsequently killed, but also reported that such low standards were prevalent.

Safety management
 The main purpose of a safety management system is to provide a systematic approach for
managing safety risks in operations. SMS also aims to improve safety by building on
existing processes, demonstrating corporate due diligence, and reinforcing overall safety
culture.

4. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY:

The following points summarize the nature of safety management.

Questionnaire survey was conducted among site engineers to identify their

opinion towards safety management in construction industry. Survey done
through questionnaires. Based on the survey, various factors were selected.
The case study was conducted by developing a questionnaire and collecting
the responses from construction firms. For the survey questionnaires was
gathered to identify the critical factors. The methodology of the study is as
presented. The questionnaire was prepared and sent to three main individuals
responsible for the project (Contractor, Client and Consultant) and the effect
of each factor has been evaluated by adopting a five-point Likert scale of 1 to
5 (1 = Strongly Agree; 2 = Agree; 3 = Neutral; 4 = Disagree; and 5 = Strongly
Disagree;). The questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the
importance of critical success factors for safety management which was
observed by contractors, clients and consultants working within Construction
Industry. In this paper, factor analysis was used to identify the critical
success factor for safety management in construction industry.

5.RESOURCES REQUIRED:

Name of Resource
Sr . No. Specification
Required
1 Laptop Intel (R) Core i3- 4GB RAM
2 Operating system Windows 10
3 Software Word
7. ACTION PLAN:

SR.NO. DETAIL OF ACTIVITY WEEK

1 Discussion and finalization of topic 1st

2 Preparation and submission of Abstract 2nd

3 Literature Review 3rd

4 Collection of Data 4th

5 Discussion and outline of Content 5th
6 Editing and proof Reading of Content 6th
7 Compilation of Report and Presentation 7th

8 Final submission of Micro Project 8th

GROUP MEMBERS:

Roll. No. Name of group members

12 Rutuja Pote

Annexure II
 Part B- Micro-Project
1 Rationale
The world is facing the biggest challenge of survival.Degradation of
ecosystem,depletion of natural resources,increasing levels of pollution pose major
treat to the survival of mankind.The need of the hour,therefore is to concentrate on
the area of environmental aspects,which shall provide an insight into various
environmental related issue

2 Course Outcome Addressed

 Use basic management principles to execute daily activities.
 Use principles of planning and organizing for accomplishment of tasks.
 Use principles of directing and controlling for implementing the plans.

3 Literature Review
Accidents and disasters in any area of life raise urgent questions about why and how
they happened. There are usually two key concerns: to find out who, if anyone, is to
blame and to learn lessons to avoid a repeat of the incident. Child welfare services
have been no exception to this response, especially in the UK, US, Canada, Australia
and New Zealand. When children die or there are other adverse outcomes, inquiries
have been conducted to examine the services offered to the families and to learn
lessons to improve practice. Some recommendations from these inquiries have been
highly influential in shaping the development of child welfare practice. One of the
earliest carried out in the UK was the Dennis O’Neil inquiry in 1945 (Home Office,
1945) . This revealed the inadequate standard of assessment and supervision of the
foster home in which Dennis was placed and subsequently killed, but also reported
that such low standards were prevalent.

4.Actual Method Followed

1. The process for this micro project is to make a power point presentation showing
environmental pollution. We collect information and organize by following points:
2. Collect the information on environmental pollution
3. Collect the information on charging station.

4. Show the information to faculty.

5. Learn about environmental pollution
6. First make a raw report and then correct it.
 7. After all the corrections make a proposal.
8. Then prepare a report on environmental pollution and its application pollution.
9. Make a power point presentation on the environmental pollution
10. Make pdf of report and print it.
11. We learn more about business.

4 Actual Resources Used

Name of Resource
Sr.No. Specification
Required
1 Book Entreprenueship development
2 Book Reading Material of
Entrepreneurship Awareness
Camp
3 Website https://www.indiastudychanne
l.com/resources/180306-howto-start-an-ev-
chargingstation-business-in-india

Skill Developed /Learning out of this Micro-Project

Group Discussion.
 Team Work.
 Team Management

ANNEXURE III
Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project

Academic Year: 2022-2023 Name of the Faculty: Mrs. M. M. Gawade

Course: TYIF Course Code: 22509
Semester: Fifth

Title of the project: A report on vehicular pollution impact on environment.

COs addressed by Micro Project:

S. No Course Outcomes
A Apply techniques to reduce Envirnomental Pollution
B
C
D
E

Major learning outcomes achieved by students by doing the project

(a) Practical outcome:

(b) Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain:

1) State the Sources of Pollution.

(c) Outcomes in Affective domain:

1) Function as team member
2) Follow Ethics
Comments/suggestions about team work /leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Marks out of 6 Marks out of 4
Roll for performance for performance
No Name of the Student in group activity in oral/ Total Marks
(D5 Col.8) presentation out of 10
(D5 Col.9)
12 Rutuja Pote

(Name & Signature

A report on vehicular pollution impact on environment.

  What is pollution?
Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. These
harmful materials are called pollutants. Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic
ash. They can also be created by human activity, such as trash or runoff produced
by factories. Pollutants damage the quality of air, water, and land. Many things
that are useful to people produce pollution. Cars spew pollutants from their
exhaust pipes. Burning coal to create electricity pollutes the air. Industries and
homes generate garbage and sewage that can pollute the land and water. Pesticides
—chemical poisons used to kill weeds and insects—seep into waterways and harm
wildlife.

 Types of pollution

As stated before, there are different types of pollution, which are either caused by
natural events (like forest fires) or by man-made activities (like cars, factories,
nuclear wastes, etc.) These are further classified into the following types of
pollution:

• Air Pollution

• Water Pollution
• Soil Pollution

• Noise Pollution

Besides these 4 types of pollution, other types exist such as light pollution,
thermal pollution and radioactive pollution. The latter is much rarer than other
types, but it is the deadliest.

 Types of pollution diagram:-

❖ Vehicular Pollution

Vehicular pollution is the introduction of harmful material into the environment

by motor vehicles. These materials, known as pollutants, have several bad effects
on human health and the ecosystem. Transportation is a major Source of air
pollution in many countries around the world due to the high number of vehicles
that are available on the roads today. An increase in purchasing power means that
more people can now afford cars and this is Vehicular pollution has grown at an
alarming rate due to growing urbanisation in India. The air pollution from vehicles
in urban areas, particularly in big cities, has become a serious problem.
 The pollution from vehicles has begun to tell through symptoms like cough,
headache, nausea, irritation of eyes, various bronchial and visibility problems.

 Causes ofVehicular Pollution

The main cause of vehicular pollution is the rapidly growing number of vehicles.
The other factors of vehicular pollution in the urban areas are 2-stroke engines,
poor fuel quality, old vehicles, inadequate maintenance, congested traffic, poor
road condition and old automotive technologies and traffic management system.

1. Traffic Congestions:-

In most urban cities, the number of motor vehicles is high and as such, there is a
congestion of traffic. When these many vehicles congest in a singular area, the
emissions per kilometre go up, contributing to vehicular pollution.The carbon
dioxide and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which include halocarbons,
hydrocarbons and oxygenates, are observed to be 250% more in urban and
congested areas than areas with moving traffic, and result in the formation of
secondary pollutants. In 2013, for instance, the transportation sector was
responsible for more than 50% of all carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides as well
as almost a quarter of all hydrocarbons in the air

2. Technical Issues With Gasoline Engines:-

There are several issues with gasoline engines that could result in vehicular
pollution. For instance, evaporative emissions occur when fuel gets mixed with
the atmosphere by getting evaporated from fuel tanks or carburetors.
 Also, in four-stroke gasoline engines, if combusted fuel and air-fuel mixture from
the carburetor, escape past the piston rings, enter the crankcase and then get
leaked into the atmosphere through the vent, a crankcase blow-by occurs.

❖ Serio0us Effects of Veohicular Pollution

• Global Warming

One of the leading effects of vehicular pollution is global warming. Vehicular

pollution results in the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which
results in the depletion of the ozone layer and an increase in atmospheric
temperature, leading to global warming.

• Poor quality of air

There are countries where the quality of air is so poor that people wear masks to
reduce the amounts of harmful substances inhaled. This is not something to smile
about because aside from the fact that you have to walk around with a mask all
day, which is not comfortable, there is also the possibility of health complications.
Countries that have a high number of old vehicles generally have a problem when
it comes to this. It’s the reason why many governments have also banned the
importation of vehicles older than a certain number of years.

• International reputation

Cleaning up the atmosphere is a serious concern globally. This is the reason why
so many climate summits are held annually to make agreements on the
responsibility of each nation in cutting down greenhouse emissions. A country that
 has a high level of vehicle pollution risks damaging its reputation and standing on
the world stage.

• Health

These pollutants can lead to lung infection and cancer. As we know, hydrocarbons
are not very good for human health. They can cause heart disease, aggravate
asthma, damage the central nervous system and make breathing difficult. Fuel
spillage can also affect the health of plants and marine life. When left unchecked,
these health conditions can cause death. Treating diseases such as cancer requires
a lot of money. When the population of a country is mostly unwell, the economy
stalls because growth is usually pegged on the ability of people to work and earn
income.

• Tourism

Most people would not willingly go to visit countries that they know are bad for
their health. This will, in turn, result in a reduction in the number of tourists to
those countries and subsequently loss of foreign exchange income.

• Smog and acidic rain

Nitrogen oxides contribute to the formation of highly corrosive smog that speeds
up rusting of vehicles. When nitrogen oxide dissolves in rain, acidic rain is
formed. Water harvested from this type of rain cannot be fit for human, plant or
animal consumption. These bad effects of vehicle pollution are the reasons why it
should be every person’s responsibility to reduce or eliminate environmental
pollution. The actions of a small group can put a bigger demographic in harms
way.
❖ Solutions too Vehicular Pollution

1. Drive Less

We are desperately dependent on fossil fuels and the number of vehicles on the
roads will continue to increase. We can only try and reduce vehicular emissions by
doing our parts, and one of the easiest things to do is drive less and choose
alternatives such as walking, using the train or public transportation and even
using a bike. Carpooling is another way to drive less, where people from the same
neighborhood or the same area can share one vehicle instead of each using their
own.

2.Burn Fewer Fuels

The key to burning fewer fuels is making vehicles more efficient. Governments
need to set fuel-economy standards for all passenger vehicles, including the
advocacy for the use of technologies that help cars and trucks to further on a
gallon of gasoline.

3.Civic education

Ignorance is not bliss and education is definitely the key to success. Many people
do not care about the effects of pollution because they are not aware of them. One
cannot fight to protect what he or she values without knowing that there is an
impending danger. Carrying out civic education by government departments and
non-governmental organizations can play a great role in awakening the society to
the realities of pollution and how reducing it can make the world a much better
place to live in. This can be done through community organizers or by having it
taught in schools as part of the curriculum. It would be counter-productive to keep
on talking about the need to reduce vehicle pollution without making people
understand why that is necessary. A sense of responsibility should be cultivated in
everyone so that there is a desire and willingness to do what is right.
4.Progressive policies

Creating good regulations that anticipate the challenges of the modern world when
it comes to reducing vehicle pollution can be very helpful in mitigating it.
Lawmakers should draft legislations that will make people do the necessary as far
as bringing down the levels of vehicle pollution is concerned. Such laws can
include placing a cap on the age of vehicles that can be imported, setting out
guidelines on the conditions of roadworthy vehicles, and creating agencies that
will look into alternative fuels such as green energy. On the global front, world
leaders should come together and agree on standard practices for eliminating or
reducing pollution. These should be adopted so that every nation does its part in
achieving the desired results. Citizens should also hold their leaders to account
and push them to have strategies to reduce environmental pollution in their
campaign manifestos.

 Conclusion

It’s often been said that we only have one earth and we should do everything to
protect it. One cannot afford to sit on the sidelines and watch because when it
comes to pollution, everyone is affected, even the ones that did not contribute to it.
Vehicle transportation is one of the leading causes of air pollution the world over.
The good thing is that something can actually be done about it. It begins with
individual responsibility in having a cleaner planet. When people change their
mindsets and become more proactive, a lot of good things can be achieved. In the
same manner, vehicle pollution can also be reduced and managed.