PYTHON-5
DICTIONARY
Dictionary in Python
Python dictionary is an unordered collection of items.
A dictionary has a { key: value } pair , while other
compound data types have only value as an element.
Dictionaries are optimized to retrieve values when the
key is known.
How to create a dictionary?
Creating a dictionary is as simple as placing items inside
curly braces { } separated by comma.
An item has a key and the corresponding value
expressed as a pair, key: value.
While values can be of any data type and can repeat.
Keys must be of immutable type
(string, number or tuple with immutable elements) and
must be unique.
Creating a dictionary
# empty dictionary
my_dict = {}
# dictionary with integer keys
my_dict = {1: 'apple', 2: 'ball'}
# dictionary with mixed keys
my_dict = {'name': 'John', 1: [2, 4, 3]}
# using dict() –in-build function
my_dict = dict({1:'apple', 2:'ball'})
How to access elements
from a dictionary?
While indexing is used with other container types to
access values, dictionary uses keys. Key can be used
either inside square brackets or with the get() method.
The difference while using get() is that it
returns None instead of KeyError, if the key is not
found.
Accessing elements from a
dictionary
my_dict = {'name':'Jack', 'age': 26}
print(my_dict['name'])
# Output: Jack
print(my_dict.get('age'))
# Output: 26
How to change or add
elements in a dictionary?
How to change or add elements in a dictionary?
Dictionary are mutable. We can add new items or
change the value of existing items using assignment
operator.
If the key is already present, value gets updated, else a
new key: value pair is added to the dictionary.
Changing or adding elements in a
dictionary?
my_dict = {'name':'Jack', 'age': 26}
# update value
my_dict['age'] = 27
print(my_dict)
#Output: {'age': 27, 'name': 'Jack'}
# add item
my_dict['address'] = 'Downtown'
print(my_dict)
# Output: {'address': 'Downtown', 'age': 27, 'name':
'Jack'}
How to delete or remove
elements from a dictionary?
We can remove a particular item in a dictionary by
using the method pop(). This method removes as item
with the provided key and returns the value.
The method, popitem() can be used to remove and
return an arbitrary item (key, value) form the
dictionary. All the items can be removed at once using
the clear() method.
We can also use the del keyword to remove individual
items or the entire dictionary itself.
Removing element/Dictionary
using pop(),popitem(),del,clear()
# create a dictionary # delete a particular item
squares = {1:1, 2:4, 3:9, 4:16, del squares[5]
5:25}
print(squares)
# remove a particular item
# Output: {2: 4, 3: 9}
print(squares.pop(4))
# remove all items
# Output: 16
squares.clear()
print(squares)
# Output: {1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 5: 25}
print(squares)
# remove an arbitrary item # Output: {}
print(squares.popitem()) # delete the dictionary itself
# Output: (1, 1) del squares
print(squares) print(squares)
# Output: {2: 4, 3: 9, 5: 25} # Throws Error#
Python Dictionary Methods
Creating dictionary
using .fromkeys
marks = {}.fromkeys(['Math','English','Science'], 0)
print(marks)
# Output: {'English': 0, 'Math': 0, 'Science': 0}
for item in marks.items():
print(item)
print(list(sorted(marks.keys())))
# Output: ['English', 'Math', 'Science']
Python Dictionary Comprehension
Dictionary comprehension is an elegant and concise way
to create new dictionary from an iterable in Python.
Dictionary comprehension consists of an expression pair
(key: value) followed by for statement inside curly
braces {}.
Python Dictionary
Comprehension
squares = {x: x*x for x in range(6)}
print(squares)
# Output: {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25}
The code is equivalent to :
squares = {}
for x in range(6):
squares[x] = x*x
Python Dictionary
Comprehension
odd_squares = {x: x*x for x in
range(11) if x%2 == 1}
print(odd_squares)
# Output: {1: 1, 3: 9, 5: 25, 7: 49,
9: 81}
Dictionary Membership Test
We can test if a key is in a dictionary or not using the
keyword in. Notice that membership test is for keys
only, not for values.
Dictionary Membership Test
squares = {1: 1, 3: 9, 5: 25, 7: 49, 9: 81}
print(1 in squares)
# Output: True
print(2 not in squares)
# Output: True
# membership tests for key only not value
print(49 in squares)
# Output: False
Iterating Through a Dictionary
Using a for loop we can iterate though each key in a
dictionary.
Example :
squares = {1: 1, 3: 9, 5: 25, 7: 49, 9: 81}
for i in squares:
print(squares[i])
Built-in Functions with
Dictionary
Using built-in function
squares = {1: 1, 3: 9, 5: 25, 7: 49, 9: 81}
print(len(squares))
# Output: 5
print(sorted(squares))
# Output: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
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