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Assignment BBMP1103 Matematik

1. The document is a student's coursework submission for the course Mathematics for Management. It contains the student's details, learning center information, and 4 questions answered in the coursework. 2. The questions involve finding the inverse and adjoint of matrices. Working is shown to find the minors, cofactors, determinant, and inverse/adjoint of several 3x3 matrices. 3. Key steps like finding the minors, cofactors (using signs from i+j), determinant (using Leibniz formula), and inverse (using the adjoint) are demonstrated for calculating the inverse and adjoint of matrices.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
51 views35 pages

Assignment BBMP1103 Matematik

1. The document is a student's coursework submission for the course Mathematics for Management. It contains the student's details, learning center information, and 4 questions answered in the coursework. 2. The questions involve finding the inverse and adjoint of matrices. Working is shown to find the minors, cofactors, determinant, and inverse/adjoint of several 3x3 matrices. 3. Key steps like finding the minors, cofactors (using signs from i+j), determinant (using Leibniz formula), and inverse (using the adjoint) are demonstrated for calculating the inverse and adjoint of matrices.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SARJANA MUDA PENGURUSAN DENGAN KEPUJIAN

MAY / 2022

BBMP1103

MATEMATIK PENGURUSAN

NO. MATRIKULASI : 880726065371001


NO. KAD PENGENALAN : 880726-06-5371
NO. TELEFON : 013-9322607
E-MEL : [email protected]

PUSAT PEMBELAJARAN : TERENGGANU LEARNING CENTRE


ISI KANDUNGAN
1.0 BAHAGIAN 1...............................................................................................................3
1.1 SOALAN 1.........................................................................................................3
1.2 SOALAN 2........................................................................................................ 25
1.3 SOALAN 3.........................................................................................................28
1.4 SOALAN 4.........................................................................................................31
2.0 BAHAGIAN 2................................................................................................................33

2
1.0 BAHAGIAN 1
1.1 SOALAN 1

( )
1
0 0
p

( )
−1
p 0 0
1
Tunjukkan bahawa 0 q 0 = 0 0 di mana p ,q ,r≠0 .
q
0 0 r
1
0 0
r

( )
1
0 0
p

( )
−1
p 0 0
−1 1
Jika A = 0 q 0 untuk mencari songsangan A = 0 0
q
0 0 r
1
0 0
r

( )
p 0 0
m11 0 q 0
0 0 r
= [ q0 0r ] = ( q ) ( r ) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( q ) (r ) – (0) (0)

= qr – 0

= qr

( )
p 0 0
m12 0 q 0
0 0 r
= [ 00 0r ] = ( 0) ( r ) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( 0) ( r ) – ( 0) ( 0)

=0–0

=0

( )
p 0 0
m13 0 q 0
0 0 r
= [ 00 q0] = ( 0) ( 0) - ( q )( 0 )
= ( 0 ) ( 0 ) – ( q )( 0 )

=0–0

3
=0

( )
p 0 0
m21 0 q 0
0 0 r
= [ 00 0r ] = ( 0) ( 0) - ( 0) ( r )
= ( 0) ( 0) – ( 0) ( r )

=0–0

=0

( )
p 0 0
m22 0 q 0
0 0 r
= [ p0 0r ] = ( p) ( r ) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( p) ( r ) – ( 0) ( 0)

= pr – 0

= pr

( )
p 0 0
m23 0 q 0
0 0 r
= [ p0 00] = ( p) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( p) (0) – (0) (0)

=0–0

=0

( )
p 0 0
m31 0 q 0
0 0 r
= [ 0q 00] = ( 0) ( 0) - ( 0) ( q )
= ( 0) ( 0) – ( 0) ( q )

=0–0

=0

( )
p 0 0
m32 0 q 0
0 0 r
= [ p0 00] = ( p) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 0)
4
= ( p) (0) – (0) (0)

=0–0

=0

( )
p 0 0
m33 0 q 0
0 0 r
= [ p0 0q ] = ( p) ( q ) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( p) (q ) – (0) (0)

= pq

Untuk mencari matrik minor A

( )
qr 0 0
A= 0 pr 0
0 0 pq

c 11 = m11(−1)1+ 1

c 11 = qr (−1)2

c 11 = qr (1)

c 11 = qr

c 12 = m12(−1)1+ 2

c 12 = 0(−1)3

c 12 = 0(1)3

c 12 = 0

c 13 = m13 (−1)1 +3

5
c 13 = 0(−1)4

c 13 = 0(1)4

c 13 = 0

c 22 = m 22 (−1)1 +2

c 22 = pr (−1)3

c 22 = pr (1)3

c 22 = pr

c 23 = m23 (−1)2 +3

c 23 = 0(−1)5

c 23 = 0(1)5

c 23 = 0

c 31 = m 31(−1)3 +1

c 31 = 0(−1)4

c 31 = 0(1)4

c 31 = 0

c 32 = m 32(−1)3 +2

c 32 = 0(−1)5

c 32 = 0(1)5

c 32 = 0

6
c 33 = m33 (−1)3 +3

c 33 = pq(−1)6

c 33 = pq(1)6

c 13 = pq

Cofactor A

( )
qr 0 0
A = 0 +qr 0
0 0 pq

Cari

A = (confactor A)T

( )
qr 0 0
A = 0 +qr 0 T
0 0 pq

( )
qr 0 0
A= 0 +qr 0
0 0 pq

Adjoint = [confractor A]t

( )
qr 0 0
A= 0 +qr 0
0 0 pq

Find Determinant A

( )
p 0 0
0 q 0
0 0 r

[A] = p [ q0 0r ] - 0[ 00 0r ] + 0[ 00 q0] –
7
[ A ] = p ( q ) ( r )− ( 0 )( 0 )−( 0 )( 0 ) ( r ) + ( 0 ) ( 0 ) +0 ( 0 )( 0 )−( q )( 0 )

[ A ] = p ( qr )−0+0

[ A ] = pqr

−1 1
A = × adjoint A
(A )

( )
qr 0 0
1
¿ × 0 pr 0
pqr
0 0 pq

( )
qr
0 0
pqr
pr
= 0 0
pqr
pq
0 0
pqr

Seterusnya, tentukan songsangan bagi matriks-matriks berikut:

( )
1 0 0
0 1 0
(i) 0 0 1

( )
1 0 0
m11 0 1 0
0 0 1
= [ 10 01] = ( 1) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( 1) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿1

( )
1 0 0
m12 0 1 0
0 0 1
= [ 00 01] = ( 0) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( 0) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿ 0−0
¿0

8
( )
1 0 0
m13 0 1 0
0 0 1
= [ 00 10] = ( 0) ( 0) - ( 1) ( 0)
= (0) ( 0) - ( 1) ( 0)
¿0

( )
1 0 0
m21 0 1 0
0 0 1
= [ 00 01] = ( 0) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( 0) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿0 – 0
¿0

( )
1 0 0
m22 0 1 0
0 0 1
= [ 10 01] = ( 1) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( 1) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿1 – 0
¿1

( )
1 0 0
m23 0 1 0
0 0 1
= [ 10 00] = ( 1) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( 1) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿0 – 0
¿0

( )
1 0 0
m31 0 1 0
0 0 1
= [ 01 00] = ( 0) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 1)
= (0) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 1)
¿0 – 0
¿0

( )
1 0 0
m32 0 1 0
0 0 1
= [ 10 00] = ( 1) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( 1) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 0)

9
¿0 – 0
¿0

( )
1 0 0
m33 0 1 0
0 0 1
= [ 10 01] = ( 1) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( 1) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿1 – 0
¿1

Untuk mencari matrik minor A melalui:

( )
1 0 0
A= 0 1 0
0 0 1

c 11= m11 ¿
c 11= 1 ¿
c 11= 1(1)
c 11= 1

c 12= m12 ¿
c 12= 0 ¿
c 12= 0 ¿
c 12= 0

c 13= m13 ¿
c 13= 0 ¿
c 13= 0 ¿

10
c 13= 0

c 21= m21 ¿
c 21= 0 ¿
c 21= 0 ¿
c 21= 0

c 22= m22 ¿
c 22= 1 ¿
c 22= 1 ¿
c 22= 1

c 23= m 23 ¿
c 23= 0 ¿
c 23= 0 ¿
c 23= 0
c 31= m31 ¿
c 31= 0 ¿
c 31= 0 ¿
c 31= 0

c 32= m32 ¿
c 32= 0 ¿
c 32= 0 ¿
c 32= 0

c 33= m33 ¿
c 33= 1 ¿
c 33= 1 ¿
c 33= 1

Cofactor A

11
( )
1 0 0
A = 0 +1 0
0 0 1

Cari:
A = (confactor A¿¿ T )¿

( )
1 0 0
A = 0 +1 0 t
0 0 1

( )
1 0 0
A = 0 +1 0
0 0 1

Adjoint=confactor At

( )
1 0 0
A = 0 +1 0
0 0 1

Cari penentu A

( )
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1

[ 0 1] [ 0 1] [ 0 0]
[ A ] =1 1 0 −0 0 0 + 0 0 1

[ A ] =1 ( 1 )( 1 ) −( 0 ) ( 0 )−0 ( 0 )( 1 ) + ( 0 ) ( 0 ) +0 ( 0 )( 0 )−(1)(0)
[ A ] =1 ( 1 )−0+ 0
[ A ] =1
1
A−1= ×adjoint A
A

( )
1 0 0
1
= × 0 1 0
1
0 0 1

12
( )
1
0 0
1
1
= 0 0
1
1
0 0
1

( )
1 0 0
0 2 0
(ii) 0 0 1

( )
1 0 0
m11 0 2 0
0 0 1
= [ 20 01] = ( 2) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( 2) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿2

( )
1 0 0
m12 0 2 0
0 0 1
= [ 00 01] = ( 0) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( 0) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿ 1−0
¿1

( )
1 0 0
m13 0 2 0
0 0 1
= [ 00 20] = ( 0) ( 0) - ( 2) ( 0)
= ( 0) ( 0) - ( 2) ( 0)
¿0

( )
1 0 0
m21 0 2 0
0 0 1
= [ 00 01] = ( 0) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 1)
= (0) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 1)
¿0 – 0
¿0

( )
1 0 0
m22 0 2 0
0 0 1
= [ 10 01] = ( 1) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
13
= ( 1) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿1 – 0
¿1

( )
1 0 0
m23 0 2 0
0 0 1
= [ 10 00] = ( 1) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( 1) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿0 – 0
¿0

( )
1 0 0
m31 0 2 0
0 0 1
= [ 02 00] = ( 0) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 2)
= ( 0) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 2)
¿0 – 0
¿0

( )
1 0 0
m32 0 2 0
0 0 1
= [ 10 00] = ( 1) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( 1) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿0 – 0
¿0

( )
1 0 0
m33 0 2 0
0 0 1
= [ 10 02] = ( 1) ( 2) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( 1) ( 2) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿2 – 0
¿2

Untuk mencari matrik minor A melalui:

14
( )
2 0 0
A= 0 1 0
0 0 2

c 11= m11 ¿
c 11= 2 ¿
c 11= 2(1)
c 11= 2

c 12= m12 ¿
c 12= 0 ¿
c 12= 0 ¿
c 12= 0

c 13= m13 ¿
c 13= 0 ¿
c 13= 0 ¿
c 13= 0

c 21= m21 ¿
c 21= 0 ¿
c 21= 0 ¿
c 21= 0

c 22= m22 ¿
c 22= 1 ¿
c 22= 1 ¿
c 22= 1

c 23= m 23 ¿
c 23= 0 ¿

15
c 23= 0 ¿
c 23= 0

c 31= m31 ¿
c 31= 0 ¿
c 31= 0 ¿
c 31= 0

c 32= m32 ¿
c 32= 0 ¿
c 32= 0 ¿
c 32= 0

c 33= m33 ¿
c 33= 1 ¿
c 33= 1 ¿
c 33= 1

Cofactor A

( )
1 0 0
A = 0 +1 0
0 0 1
Cari
A = (confactor A¿¿ T )¿

( )
1 0 0
A = 0 +1 0 t
0 0 1

( )
1 0 0
A = 0 +1 0
0 0 1

t
Adjoint=confactor A

16
( )
1 0 0
A = 0 +1 0
0 0 1
Find Determinant A

( )
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1

[ 0 1] [ 0 1] [ 0 0]
[ A ] =1 1 0 −0 0 0 + 0 0 1

[ A ] =1 ( 1 )( 1 ) −( 0 ) ( 0 )−0 ( 0 )( 1 ) + ( 0 ) ( 0 ) +0 ( 0 )( 0 )−(1)(0)
[ A ] =1 ( 1 )−0+ 0
[ A ] =1
1
A−1= ×adjoint A
A

( )
1 0 0
1
= × 0 1 0
1
0 0 1

( )
1
0 0
1
1
= 0 0 = ( 1) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
1
1
0 0
1

¿1

( )
1 0 0
m12 0 1 0
0 0 1
= [ 00 01] = ( 0) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( 0) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿ 1−0
¿1

( )
1 0 0
m13 0 1 0
0 0 1
= [ 00 10] = ( 0) ( 0) - ( 1) ( 0)
= (0) ( 0) - ( 1) ( 0)
¿0

17
( )
1 0 0
m21 0 1 0
0 0 1
= [ 00 01] = ( 0) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( 0) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿0 – 0
¿0

( )
1 0 0
m22 0 1 0
0 0 1
= [ 10 01] = ( 1) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( 1) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿1 – 0
¿1

( )
1 0 0
m23 0 1 0
0 0 1
= [ 10 00] = ( 1) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( 1) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿0 – 0
¿0

( )
1 0 0
m31 0 1 0
0 0 1
= [ 01 00] = ( 0) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 1)
= (0) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 1)
¿0 – 0
¿0

( )
1 0 0
m32 0 1 0
0 0 1
= [ 10 00] = ( 1) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( 1) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿0 – 0
¿0

( )
1 0 0
m33 0 1 0
0 0 1
= [ 10 01] = ( 1) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)
= ( 1) ( 1) - ( 0) ( 0)

18
¿1 – 0
¿1
Untuk mencari matrik minor A melalui:

( )
1 0 0
A= 0 1 0
0 0 1

c 11= m11 ¿
c 11= 1 ¿
c 11= 1(1)
c 11= 1

c 12= m12 ¿
c 12= 0 ¿
c 12= 0 ¿
c 12= 1

c 13= m13 ¿
c 13= 0 ¿
c 13= 0 ¿
c 13= 0

c 21= m21 ¿
c 21= 0 ¿
c 21= 0 ¿
c 21= 0

c 22= m22 ¿
c 22= 1 ¿
c 22= 1 ¿
c 22= 1

c 23= m 23 ¿

19
c 23= 0 ¿
c 23= 0 ¿
c 23= 0
c 31= m31 ¿
c 31= 0 ¿
c 31= 0 ¿
c 31= 0

c 32= m32 ¿
c 32= 0 ¿
c 32= 0 ¿
c 32= 0

c 33= m33 ¿
c 33= 2 ¿
c 33= 1 ¿
c 33= 2

Cofactor A

( )
2 0 0
A = 0 +1 0
0 0 2
Cari
A = (confactor A¿¿ T )¿

( )
2 0 0
A = 0 +1 0 t
0 0 2

( )
2 0 0
A = 0 +1 0
0 0 2
t
Adjoint=confactor A

( )
2 0 0
A = 0 +1 0
0 0 2

20
Cari penentu A

( )
2 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 2

[ 0 2] [ 0 2] [ 0 0]
[ A ] =2 1 0 −0 0 0 + 0 0 1

[ A ] =2 ( 1 )( 2 ) −( 0 ) ( 0 )−0 ( 0 )( 2 ) + ( 0 )( 0 )+ 0 ( 0 )( 0 )−( 1)(0)


[ A ] =2 ( 2 )−0+ 0
[ A ] =¿ 4
−1 1
A = ×adjoint A
A

( )
2 0 0
1
= × 0 1 0
4
0 0 2

( )
2
0 0
4
1
= 0 0
4
2
0 0
4

( )
−1 0 0
0 2 0
1
0 0 2
(iii)

( ) [ ]
−1 0 0
2 0
m 11
0
0 2
0
0
1
=
0
1 = ( 2)
2
1
2 ()
- ( 0) ( 0)
2

= (2) ( 12 ) - ( 0) ( 0)
21
¿1

( ) [ ]
−1 0 0
0 0
m12
0 2
0 0
0
1
=
0
1 = ( 0)
2
1
2 ()
- (0) (0)
2

= (0) ( 12 ) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿ 0−0
¿0

( )
−1 0 0
m13
0 2
0 0
0
1
= [ 00 20] = ( 0) ( 0) - ( 2) ( 0)
2

= ( 0) ( 0) - ( 2) ( 0)
¿0

( ) [ ]
−1 0 0
0 0
m 21
0 2
0 0
0
1
=
0
1 = ( 0)
2
1
2 ()
- (0) (0)
2

= (0) ( 12 ) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿0 – 0
¿0

( ) [ ]
−1 0 0
−1 0
m22
0 2
0 0
0
1
=
0
1 = (−1 )
2
1
2 ()
- (0) (0)
2

= (−1 ) ( 12 ) - ( 0) ( 0)
1
¿− – 0
2
1
¿−
2

22
( )
−1 0 0
m23
0 2
0 0
0
1
= [−10 00] = (−1) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 0)
2

= ( 1) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 0)
¿0 – 0
¿0

( )
−1 0 0
m31
0 2
0 0
0
1
= [ 02 00] = ( 0) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 2)
2

= ( 0) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 2)
¿0 – 0
¿0

( )
−1 0 0
m32
0 2
0 0
0
1
= [−10 00] = (−1) ( 0) - ( 0) ( 0)
2

= (−1 ) ( 0 ) - ( 0 ) ( 0 )
¿0 – 0
¿0

( )
−1 0 0
m33
0 2
0 0
0
1
= [−10 02] = (−1) ( 2) - ( 0) ( 0)
2

= (−1 ) ( 2 ) - ( 0 ) ( 0 )
¿ −¿2 – 0
¿−¿2

Untuk mencari matrik minor A melalui:

( )
1 0 0
−1
A= 0 0
2
0 0 −2

23
c 11= m11 ¿
c 11= 1 ¿
c 11= 1(1)
c 11= 1

c 12= m12 ¿
c 12= 0 ¿
c 12= 0 ¿
c 12= 0

c 13= m13 ¿
c 13= 0 ¿
c 13= 0 ¿
c 13= 0

c 21= m21 ¿
c 21= 0 ¿
c 21= 0 ¿
c 21= 0

c 22= m22 ¿
−1
c 22= ¿
2
−1
c 22= ¿
2
1
c 22=
2

c 23= m 23 ¿
c 23= 0 ¿
c 23= 0 ¿
c 23= 0

24
c 31= m31 ¿
c 31= 0 ¿
c 31= 0 ¿
c 31= 0

c 32= m32 ¿
c 32= 0 ¿
c 32= 0 ¿
c 32= 0

c 33= m33 ¿
c 33= −2 ¿
c 33= −2 ¿
c 33= −2

Cofactor A

( )
1 0 0
1
A= 0 0
2
0 0 −2

Cari
A = (confactor A¿¿ T )¿

( )
1 0 0
1
A= 0 0 t
2
0 0 −2

( )
1 0 0
1
A= 0 0
2
0 0 −2

25
t
Adjoint=confactor A

( )
1 0 0
1
A= 0 0
2
0 0 −2

Cari penunjuk A

( )
1 0 0
1
0 0
2
0 0 −2

[ ] [ ]
1 1
[ A ] =1 2 0 −0 0 0 +0 0
0 −2
0 −2
0
[ ] 2
0

[ A ] =1 ( 12 ) (−2) +( 0) ( 0)−0 ( 0) (−2)+ ( 0) ( 0) +0 ( 0) ( 0)−( 12 )(0)


[ A ] =1 (−1 )−0+ 0
[ A ] =¿ −1
−1 1
A = ×adjoint A
A

( )
−1 0 0
1
= × 0 1 0
−1
0 0 2

( )
1
0 0
1
−1
= 0 0
1
−2
0 0
1

( )
1 0 0
= 0 −1 0
0 0 −2

1.2 SOALAN 2

2
a) Katakan y=ax +bx+c suatu persamaan kuadratik dengan sifat-sifat berikut:

(i) Titik maksimum ialah (-1, -1).

26
(ii) Pintasan-y ialah -2.

Cari a, b dan c.

Penyelesaian:

2
y=ax +bx+c pada (-1, -1)

(−1 ,−1)=(x , y )

y intercept (0 ,−2)

y=ax 2 +bx+c

−2=a(0)+bx +c

c=−2−0

c=−2

c ialah −2

−b
x=
2a
−b
−1=
2a
−2 a=−b
b=2 a
b
a=
2

b 2=−4 ( b2 )
2
b =−¿2b
b=−2
(−2)
a=
2
a=−1
a ialah -1

27
2
4 ac−b
y=
4a
4 ac−b 2
−1=
4a
−4 a=8 a−b2
2
8 a−4 a=−b
2
4 a=−b
2
b =−4 a
b2
=−2
b
b=−2
b ialah -2

1
f (x )= (4 ) ( n)
b) Katakan x . Cari f ' ( x ) , f ' ' ( x ) , f ' ' ' ( x ) dan f ( x ) . Deduksikan f (x ) .

Penyelesaian:
1
Let f (x)=
x
¿ x−1
−2
f ' (x)=−x
f ' ' (x)=−2 x −3
−4
f ' ' ' ( x)=−6 x
(4 ) −5
f (x)=24 x
Tolak f (n) (x )=−1n (n!) x−(n +1)

1.3 SOALAN 3

a) Cari pemalar-pemalar A, B dan C supaya

−2 x
2
b) Ungkapkan ( x+1 )( x +1) sebagai suatu hasil tambah pecahan
2
3 x −12 x+11 A B C
≡ + + .
( x−1)( x−2 )(x −3) x−1 x−2 x−3
4 3 2
x + x + x −x
2
Separa dan seterusnya tuliskan ( x+1 )( x +1) sebagai suatu hasil tambah pecahan separa.

28
Penyelesaian:

2
3 x −12 x=11
A (x−1)(x−2)( x−3) B ( x−1)(x −2)(x−3) C (x−1)(x−2)( x−3)
¿ + +
x−1 x−2 x−3

Dimana potensi nilai bagi x = 1, x = 2, x = 3


Jika x=1
2
3(1) −12(1)+ 11= A(1−2)(1−3)+ B( 1−1)( 1−3)+ C(1−1)(1−2)
3−12+ 11= A(−1)(−2)+0+0
2=¿-2A
A=1

Jika x=2
2
3(2) −12(2)+11= A(2−2)(2−3)+B (2−1)(2−3)+C (2−1)(2−2)
12−24 +11=0+ B (1)(−1)+0
−1=¿-B
B=¿ 1

Jika x=3
2
3(3) −12(3)+11= A (3−2)(3−3)+ B(3−1)(3−3)+C (3−1)(3−2)
27−36+11=0+0+C (2)( 1)
2=¿2C
C=1
Hasilnya,
2
3 x −12 x +11 A B C
= + +
( x−1)(x−2)(x−3) x−1 x −2 x−3

3 x 2−12 x +11 1 1 1
= + +
( x−1)(x−2)(x−3) x−1 x −2 x−3

Bahagian 1
−2 x A Bx +C
= + 2
(x +1)(x +2)(x−3) x −1 x +1

29
A ( x+ 1)(x +2)(x−3) Bx +C( x+1)(x+ 2)( x−3)
−2 x= +
x −1 2
x +1
2
−2 x=A ( x +1)+(Bx +C)(x +1)

Jika x=−1 ,
−2(−1)= A ¿
2=2 A+(−B+C)(0)
2=2 A
A=1

Jika x=0 ,
−2(0)= A ¿
0=A +(C)(1)
0=A +C

Masukkan nilai A=1


O=1+C
C=−¿ 1

Jika x=1 ,
−2(1)= A ¿
−2=2 A+(B+C)(2)
−2=2 A+2 B+2C
Masukkan nilai A=1 dan C=−1
−2=2(1)+2 B+ 2(−1)
−2=2+ 2 B−2
−2=2 B
B=−1

Nilai Akhir
−2 x 1 Bx+C
= + 2
2
( x +1)(x +1) x +1 x +1

30
−2 x 1 −x ±C
= + 2
( x +1)(x +1) x +1 x + 1
2

Bahagian 2
4 3 2
x + x + x −x
2
( x−1)(x +1)
= x 3+ x2 + x +1 √ x 4 + x 3 + x 2−x +0
3 2 x
= x + x + x +1
√x 4 3 2
+ x + x −x+ 0
(−1)x 4 x 3 + x 2−x
−2 x+ 0

Seterusnya,
x 4 + x3 + x 2−x −2 x
3 2
=x + 3 2
x + x + x +1 x + x + x+1
4 3 2
x + x + x −x −2 x
3 2
=x + 2
x + x + x +1 ( x+ 1)( x +1)

−2 x
Pecahan separa bagi adalah sama seperti di awal soalan
( x +1)(x 2 +1)
Dimana A=1, B= -1, C= -1
−2 x A Bx+C 1 −x−1
= + 2 = + 2
( x +1)(x +1) x +1 x + 1 ( x+ 1) x + 1
2

Jawapan,
x 4 + x3 + x 2−x −2 x 1 −x−1
= = + 2
(x+ 1)(x +1) ( x +1)( x +1) ( x+1) x + 1
2 2

1.4 SOALAN 4

Seorang pengilang boleh menjual satu produk pada RM110 seunit. Jumlah kos terdiri
daripada overhed tetap sebanyak RM7,000 ditambah kos pengeluaran sebanyak RM60 seunit.

a) Berapa unit mesti dijual untuk pulang modal?

Total Revenue (TR) = Total Kos

Total Revenue (TR) = (Harga Seunit) x (Jumlah Kuantiti Jualan)

31
= 110 x q

= 110q

Total Revenue (TC) = Pemboleh ubah Kos + Kos Tetap

TC = (60 x q) +7000

Oleh itu, 110q = 60q +7000

110q - 60q = 7000

50q = 7000

7000
q =
50

q = 140 unit

b) Apakah keuntungan atau kerugian pengilang jika 100-unit dijual?

Profit=Total Revenue (TR)−Total Cost (TC)

¿ 110 q−(60 q +7000)

¿ 110 q−60 q−7000

¿ 50 q−7000

¿ 50(100)−7000

32
¿ 5000−7000

¿−2000

c) Berapa unit mesti dijual untuk mendapatkan keuntungan sebanyak RM1,250?

Profit=110 q−60 q−7000

110 q−(60 q +7000)

1250=110 q−60 q−7000

1250=50 q−7000

−50 q=−7000−1250

50 q=8250

8250
q=
50

q=165 unit

2.0 BAHAGIAN 2

Perbincangan Dalam Talian.

33
Rajah 2.1: Perbincangan aplikasi pembezaan kepada ekonomi.

Rajah 2.2: Perbincangan aplikasi pembezaan kepada ekonomi.

34
Rajah 2.3: Perbincangan aplikasi pembezaan kepada perniagaan.

Rajah 2.4: Perbincangan tujuan nilai minimum dan maksimum.

Rajah 2.5: Perbincangan tujuan nilai minimum dan maksimum.

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