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Apache Tomcat

Apache Tomcat is an open-source web server and servlet container developed by the Apache Software Foundation. It implements Java servlet, JavaServer Pages (JSP), and provides a runtime environment for Java code. Tomcat includes tools for configuration and management and uses XML files. It consists of Catalina (servlet container), Coyote (HTTP connector), and Jasper (JSP engine). New components added in Tomcat 7 include cluster management, high availability, and enhanced web applications.

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149 views3 pages

Apache Tomcat

Apache Tomcat is an open-source web server and servlet container developed by the Apache Software Foundation. It implements Java servlet, JavaServer Pages (JSP), and provides a runtime environment for Java code. Tomcat includes tools for configuration and management and uses XML files. It consists of Catalina (servlet container), Coyote (HTTP connector), and Jasper (JSP engine). New components added in Tomcat 7 include cluster management, high availability, and enhanced web applications.

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rupali thakare
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Apache Tomcat

Introduction

Apache Tomcat (or simply Tomcat, formerly also Jakarta Tomcat) is an open
source web server and servlet container developed by the Apache Software
Foundation (ASF). Tomcat implements the Java Servlet and the JavaServer Pages
(JSP) specifications from Sun Microsystems, and provides a "pure Java" HTTP web
server environment for Java code to run.Apache Tomcat includes tools for
configuration and management, but can also be configured by editing XML
configuration files.

Components

Tomcat 4.x was released with Catalina (servlet container), Coyote (an HTTP
connector) and Jasper (a JSP engine).

Catalina

Catalina is Tomcat's servlet container. Catalina implements Sun


Microsystems' specifications for servlet and JavaServer Pages (JSP). In Tomcat, a
Realm element represents a "database" of usernames, passwords, and roles (similar
to Unix groups) assigned to those users. Different implementations of Realm allow
Catalina to be integrated into environments where such authentication information
is already being created and maintained, and then use that information to
implement Container Managed Security as described in the Servlet Specification... [1]

Coyote

Coyote is Tomcat's HTTP Connector component that supports the HTTP 1.1
protocol for the web server or application container. Coyote listens for incoming
connections on a specific TCP port on the server and forwards the request to the
Tomcat Engine to process the request and send back a response to the requesting
client.

Jasper

Jasper is Tomcat's JSP Engine. Jasper parses JSP files to compile them into
Java code as servlets (that can be handled by Catalina). At runtime, Jasper detects
changes to JSP files and recompiles them.As of version 5, Tomcat uses Jasper 2,
which is an implementation of the Sun Microsystems's JSP 2.0 specification. From
Jasper to Jasper 2, important features were added:
 JSP Tag library pooling - Each tag markup in JSP file is handled by a tag
handler class. Tag handler class objects can be pooled and reused in the
whole JSP servlet.
 Background JSP compilation - While recompiling modified JSP Java code, the
older version is still available for server requests. The older JSP servlet is
deleted once the new JSP servlet has finished being recompiled.
 Recompile JSP when included page changes - Pages can be inserted and
included into a JSP at runtime. The JSP will not only be recompiled with JSP
file changes but also with included page changes.
 JDT Java compiler - Jasper 2 can use the Eclipse JDT (Java Development
Tools) Java compiler instead of Ant and javac.

Three new components were added with the release of Tomcat 7:

Cluster

This component has been added to manage large applications. It is used for
Load balancing that can be achieved through many techniques.Clustering support
currently requires the JDK version 1.5 or later.

High availability

A high-availability feature has been added to facilitate the scheduling of


system upgrades (e.g. new releases, change requests) without affecting the live
environment. This is done by dispatching live traffic requests to a temporary server
on a different port while the main server is upgraded on another. It is very useful in
handling user requests on high-traffic web applications.[2]

Web Application

It has also added user as well as system based web applications enhancement
to add support for deployment across the variety of environments. It also tries to
manage session as well as applications across the network.Tomcat building is
additional components. A number of additional components may be used with
Apache Tomcat. These components may be built by users should they need them or
they can be downloaded from one of the mirrors may be built by users. [3]

Features

Tomcat 7.x implements the Servlet 3.0 and JSP 2.2 specifications. [4] It requires
Java version 1.6, although previous versions have run on Java 1.1 through 1.5.
Versions 5 through 6 saw improvements in garbage collection, JSP parsing,
performance and scalability. Native wrappers, known as "Tomcat Native", are
available for Microsoft Windows and Unix for platform integration.
History

Tomcat started off as a servlet reference implementation by James Duncan


Davidson, a software architect at Sun Microsystems. He later helped make the
project open source and played a key role in its donation by Sun Microsystems to
the Apache Software Foundation. The Apache Ant software build automation tool
was developed as a side-effect of the creation of Tomcat as an open source project.

Davidson had initially hoped that the project would become open sourced
and, since many open source projects had O'Reilly books associated with them
featuring an animal on the cover, he wanted to name the project after an animal. He
came up with Tomcat since he reasoned the animal represented something that
could fend for itself. Although the tomcat was already in use for another O'Reilly
title, his wish to see an animal cover eventually came true when O'Reilly published
their Tomcat book with a snow leopard on the cover.[5]

Communities

Apache software is built as part of a community process that involves both


user and developer mailing lists. The developer list is where discussion on building
and testing the next release takes place, while the user list is where users can
discuss their problems with the developers and other users.

Some of the free Apache Tomcat resources and communities include


Tomcatexpert.com (a SpringSource sponsored community for developers and
operators who are running Apache Tomcat in large-scale production environments)
and MuleSoft's Apache Tomcat Resource Center (which has instructional guides on
installing, updating, configuring, monitoring, troubleshooting and securing various
versions of Tomcat).

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