T

​ able of Contents

Introduction 3

Role of Manual Testing in Software Development 5

Introduction to Automation Testing 6

Test Cases in Manual Testing 7

Test Cases in Automation Testing 10

The Tests Which Can Be Done Through

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Automated Or Manual

Benefits of Manual Testing 14

Benefits of Automated Testing 16

Common Difference Between Manual

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& Automation Testing

What To Be Used When? 21

About BugRaptors 22

2
 Introduction 
To understand the importance of Software Testing these days, we should

go back to the decades of 1960s and 1980s when crises and challenges

were highly prominent in the world of software development. Some

examples are disclosed below:

Arian 5-Space Rocket 

In 1996, the Arian 5-space rocket was built at the cost of $7000 million,

which got destroyed within the first one minute of its launch because some

software bugs encountered the Rocket Guidance System.

US Banks Credit Crisis

In 1996, US banks were credited worth $9.24 million in the accounts of

approximately 800 customers. However, due to programming issues in

their banking systems and software failure, the banks had to deal with

uncertainties.

The Uncertainties, Manual Testing, &

Automated Testing
The only reason for their software failures came out to be lack of proper

testing and rapidly changing user requirements. At that time, developers

were trying to develop some robust software, but due to the

inappropriate knowledge of the testing process, tools, and technologies,

their efforts went in vain.

Addressing any issues from systems is vital to obtain a detailed

knowledge of software testing. Since the role of Software Testing is to

ensure that there will be no discrepancy in the software development

process, even when the goals and objectives.

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may vary from project to project, no matter how many goals and

objectives you have made for your testing process, but when

they are achieved, developers will be able to build satisfactory

and defect less software.

These days, getting a software test is critical to find the right

balance between cost, speed, and quality. When it comes to

checking whether the software is defect-free or not, Software

Testing comes into play. It is the process of verification and

validation of software applications or services, wherein we

check whether these applications or services will help meet

user requirements or not.

As we know, humans are error-prone, automated, and manual

testing combinations become necessary to reduce mistakes that

may appear unimportant to manual testers or automated

systems. Nevertheless, at the same time, some of them can be

dangerous and expensive.

Thus, anything you develop today, whether it is an on-demand

application, mobile-based game, web software, or any device,

eliminating bottlenecks before the actual release through

testing is extremely important.

4
Role of Manual Testing in Software

Development
Manual testing is the method of manually testing software to identify bugs

and defects. It requires an experienced software tester who can better play

the role of an end-user to test the applications’ features and examine

correct behavior.
There is no need to use tools or automation scripting in manual testing

because the entire test process is carried out by the software testing

company itself using its domain knowledge, skill set, and expertise.

Furthermore, it prepares a test plan document that acts as a guide to the

testing process in order to guarantee the completeness of testing or

complete test coverage. 

5
Introduction to Automation

Testing

The excitement of providing a faster release experience to customers

allows software testing companies to introduce the concept of Automation

Testing. It is a software testing technique taken into account to conduct

different types of testing using special automated testing software tools.

When it comes to preparing critical business test cases and executing test

cases repeatedly, we always consider Automation Testing because it makes

the testing process very simple and allows us to fulfill unique customer

requirements without manual efforts.

In this eBook, we will help you discover the perfect balance between

automation & manual testing while walking through the possible test cases

of use and understanding the differences between the two. Let’s begin.

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Test Cases in Manual Testing

Before apprehending test cases in manual testing, you must first

understand the meaning of Test Cases because they are necessary to write

before performing the manual test.

A Test Case is a set of actions implemented to check a particular

functionality or feature of your software application. It involves test steps,

test data, preconditions, postconditions, mainly developed for specific test

scenarios in order to verify any requirement.

Moreover, in this process, QA engineers write several test cases and

include specific conditions or variables to compare expected results with

actual results. In addition, after the comparison of results, they can analyze

whether the software product

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is working as per the customer’s requirements or not.
Let’s check out what are the areas and scenarios that you need

to perform manually.

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 Exploratory Testing:
Usually, QA engineers don’t involve this type of test in their test planning

because it requires continuous assessment of the project. You may have to

keep an eye on its functional details and prepare the test case design. 
For this, the QA engineer should be proficient in checking a particular

application platform or type. Since the entire effectiveness of this testing

depends on the previous knowledge and working expertise of QA

engineers. Their familiarity with local accumulations and the product risks

always come in handy while performing the exploratory test.

Ad-hoc Testing:
It is challenging to automate Ad-hoc Testing due to the no particular

approach for this testing. Therefore, if you are a QA engineer, you should

have sufficient skills and experience in Software Testing as the proper skill

set can help you get the Ad-hoc test done well even if you don’t have made

any plan before. 

GUI Testing:
GUI testing aims to check whether the UI (User Interface) of the product is

working correctly or not. Being a QA specialist, you should ensure that the

app or software is convenient for users and allow them to get easy-to-use

navigation features. Also, you should prepare a manual approach before

performing the GUI test.

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Test Cases in Automation Testing 

Several dedicated tools require to automate the tests, and QA engineers use

these tools to run predefined tests and write the actions in their test

scripts. To boot, the key objective of the automated test is the same as

manual testing.

Here, we will also test the software to improve its effectiveness. Yet, there

are two different types of tests that you need to perform in automated

testing.

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 Regression Testing:
Regression testing is an essential part of automated testing because it

ensures that the software changes don’t negatively impact the previously

tested functions. Well, performing the manual-based regression test is

possible, but this process is very time-consuming and expensive.

Accordingly, to reduce the cost and time, QA engineers should consider

automated regression testing as it allows them to perform the test with a

series of 3-5 testing sessions.

Moreover, one of the main benefits of operating regression tests through

automation tools is that it allows you to get complete test coverage and

saves nearly 60% of your time and 40% of your cost during bug detection.

Load Testing:
Finding out how the system handles a large number of visitors is highly

complicated with manual testing. However, Automation testing makes it

possible to understand the potential capacity limits of the application or

website.
With load testing, you can ensure that the software will perform well and

help users get higher satisfaction even when the access of software is taken

by a maximum number of users.

Performance Testing:
When it comes to testing of stability and scalability features of the

application under test, performance testing is initiated. 

The performance tests are designed to attain improved response time in

order to meet the performance objectives of the product.

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 Manual

Automation

The Tests Which Can Be Done

Through Automation Or Manual

Integration Testing:

Integration testing is the process of working on the interface by working on

multiple integration approaches such as top-down, bottom-up, or hybrid

integration.

System Testing:

System testing is done to check the system for end-to-end compliance

while ensuring the application or software works as intended. 

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 Unit Testing:

Popularly known as component or module testing, unit testing is done to

check a particular module of the source code within the development

environment.

Acceptance Testing:

Pre-production or acceptance testing is worked by end-users and testing

teams to check on functionality while ensuring that the application or

software is designed as per requirements before it is accepted or rejected.

Usually, there are three types of acceptance testing, mainly alpha testing,

beta testing, & gamma testing.

As long as it is concerned with manual testing, it can be done without the

use of test tools while preparing test cases and then execute them

manually. On the other hand, automated testing requires test automation

tools and software, including scriptwriting.

But one of the most common factors that you need to retain in both the

tests is Quality and Cost-efficiency because they are the core factors of any

project these days. Other than this, you must have the right testing

approach before accomplishing the project’s goals and objectives.

Nonetheless, with an effective combination of manual and automation test

cases, you can easily ensure the successful project release and fulfill the

unique business requirements

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Benefits of Manual Testing

No matter how many automated test tools available online, there will still

always be a place for manual testing in software. Each day, we see

hundreds of thousands of new products and applications out in the market.

Similarly, a lot of testing is carried out before releasing the product to the

public. Further, it is not a deniable fact that automated testing is much

better than manual testing, especially if it is a matter of cost savings and

finishing any project before the expected timeline.

Whereas, we can’t completely replace the manual testing as it plays a

critical role in the QA process and allows us to obtain fruitful benefits that

are mentioned below:

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1 Manual testing helps us understand the whole problem.

2 It is testing according to a human perspective. 

3 It requires a less initial investment in comparison to automated

testing. 

4 It allows us to check even small modifications.

5 It supports QA engineers to deliver accurate interface feedback, plus

make it possible to provide high-quality product after analysis and the

complete evaluation of the system.

6 It enables us to handle complicated use case scenarios more

effectively.

7 Manual testing can help with easy to adopt unique software features.

8 It allows to check proper interface elements and helps in providing

the best solution.

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Benefits of Automation Testing

The benefits of manual testing may impress you for a minute. Yet, it doesn’t

mean there is no role of automated testing in software quality.

Based on the real-time experience in automation, our QA engineers figure

out the following benefits that you may find helpful to drive the

tremendous growth for your project.

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 1 Automation testing aims to save a lot of time and money.  

2 Unlike manual, automated test scripts help deliver more accurate

results, but it gives you perfect test coverage compared to its

counterpart.

3 Reusability is one of the most valuable features of automated testing.

It allows you to record, reuse, and execute the same testing

operations.  

4 Another advantage of automation is that it lets you get quick results

and automate the tests repeatedly.

5 Performing the functional testing with the GUI test layer is feasible

with automated testing. QA engineers can easy to simulate the end

user’s activities while engaging with the software interface regularly.

6 With fast test execution, developers can get support to obtain the test

reports instantly and fix the possible number of bugs early as

possible.

Recently, significant areas involve in automated testing, such as

Model-based testing, Predictive analysis, API test-case automation,

Robotics automation.  

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Common Difference Between

Manual & Automation Testing

Apparently, manual and automation both have their own testing

advantages. Whenever it comes to completing automated QA test

checklists, followed by manual test cases, QA engineers can use both of

them according to different project requirements. Despite this, robust

automation is suitable to achieve efficiency in the entire testing process.

Whereas manual testing is more helpful in checking user interface, yet

there is no guarantee which will help us to produce better results because

each project comes with a unique approach, and we have to test accordingly

and consider the combination of both manual and automation testing time

to time.

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If you have years of testing knowledge, experience, and time,

you can go with manual testing. If you want to complete the

testing project within budget and time, then there is no better

alternative than automation testing, as it allows you to detect all

the possible software features at early stages.

To help you know more about manual and automated testing in

detail, we’ve prepared the comparison chart below that you can

check if you want to reap various benefits with both methods.

Manual Testing Automation Testing

Due to human error, manual testing
Automation testing is more reliable

is less reliable and accurate

because it can eliminate human

compared to automation testing. errors and ensure the better

performance of the same operations

In manual testing, you can run test

each time. 
cases only once and can’t use the

same test cases repeatedly. However, Automation testing comes

with regression features and

It requires more human resources

supports you to run similar test

because the execution of test cases

cases n number of times.
is time-consuming.
Automation testing is done through

Exploratory testing is possible. automation tools. Therefore, it is

faster than manual testing and

The initial investment of manual

requires fewer human resources.
testing is less.
Exploratory testing is not possible.
M anual testing doesn’t help you to

check the performance of the

Various paid and non-paid tools are

website or software. Suppose if

available online, but sometimes you

there are 10,000 users on one

may need to use paid tools to fulfill

website, then it would be

different testing needs. Thus, the

complicated for you to check the site

initial investment in automation

load according to those 10,000

testing is higher.
users.  

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 Manual Testing Automation Testing
It involves human intervention, so
Performance testing like stress and

it is essential to perform User

load testing is easy to perform with

Interface Testing with real examples. automation testing tools.

Due to less involvement of humans,

User Interface Testing is not

recommended in the automation

case.

Hope you are now familiar with the difference between manual

and automation testing. Also, you may know the advantages and

disadvantages of both. Still, when it comes to applying the right

type of testing in the right environment, you should use the

combination of manual and automation testing. By doing this,

you can achieve favorable outcomes and ensure the quality of

your software.

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What To Be Used When?

Manual Testing Over Automation Testing

1 The initial stage of project development

2 Testing of the user interface for visual aspects

3 Short-term projects where there is no time-space for scriptwriting

for automation

4 Exploratory or Ad-hoc testing

5 Test cases that cannot be automated, such as captcha.

Automation Testing over Manual Testing

1 When repetitive tasks are required to be handled

2 Parallel testing

3 Non-functional tests

4 Preventing human-errors.

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About BugRaptors

BugRaptors is a QA and testing services provider company and is a division

of Seasia group, which is a CMMI Level 5 Certified company. At BugRaptors,

we offer QA solutions with the least risk and maximum security to the

software, applications, and websites. BugRaptors is an independent brand

built by professionals who own knowledge-based expertise to create

cost-effective yet reliable testing services.

BugRaptors provides testing services and QA Process Consulting,

Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) model Testing Teams, Capacity

Augmentation in Functional and Automation Testing, and Independent

Validation & Verification (IV&V) Services. We have a team of ISTQB

(and Equivalent) certified testing professionals, and it is our vision to

maintain the world's de-facto standard in the software testing domain.

Besides this, we cater to a wide range of industries using modern software

and application technology in business to streamline their operations,

varying from healthcare, insurance, banking, media, power, government,

legal, telecom, retail, and more.

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Thank You!

 [email protected]
www.bugraptors.com
+1-240-241-6894