PAPER GROUP 3

CAREER GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

THEORY OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT OF TEENAGE END

AND ADULT ADOLESCENTS

LECTURER:
Dr. Afdal, S.Pd., M.Pd.
Gusni Dian Suri, M.Pd.

Written By :
Reno Mutiara Arte (21006027)
Theresia Riannita Sijabat (21006091)
Samina Kotipura (21006156)

DEPARTMENT GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

FACULTY OF EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG
2022
 FOREWORD

Praise and gratitude we always say for the presence of Allah SWT.
because of His grace and guidance, so that we were able to complete the paper
assignment for the Career Guidance and Counseling course with the title “Theory
Of Career Development Of Teenage End And Adult Adolescents” Hopefully with
this paper it can add to our knowledge and knowledge about the Theory Of Career
Development Of Teenage End And Adult Adolescents.

Furthermore, we would like to thank the lecturers of the Career Guidance

and Counseling course who have given us the task of this paper so that it provides
great motivation for us to always study harder and explore deeper knowledge
about counseling career and do not forget to say thank you very much to those
who have helped and provided support to us in completing this paper. As humans
who are full of mistakes and never escape from mistakes, therefore, we expect all
parties to provide corrections, criticisms and suggestions to us, in order to teach us
lessons so that we can be even better in the future, Aamiin.

Padang, 3 November 2022

Writer

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

FOREWORD...........................................................................................................i

TABLE OF CONTENT.........................................................................................ii

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND
B. PROBLEM FORMULATION..................................................................2
C. PURPOSE...................................................................................................3
D. BENEFITS..................................................................................................3

CHAPTER II : DISSCUSSION

A. Basic Concept Theory Of Career Development Of Teenage End And

Adult Adolescents.......................................................................................4
B. Characteristics Theory Of Career Development Of Teenage End And
Adult Adolescents.......................................................................................6
C. Advantages And Disadvantages Theory..................................................7
D. Application In Guidance And Counseling Services................................8

CHAPTER III : CLOSING

A. CONCLUSION.........................................................................................10
B. SUGGESTIONS.......................................................................................10

REFERENCES.....................................................................................................11

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND
As time goes by, the level of awareness to continue education
increases in students. Students at the vocational high school (VHS) high
school (SHS) level experience doubts about careers in their lives, they are
faced with the choice to continue their studies or go straight to the world
of work. According to (Putranti, 2018) students who sit at the VHS SHS
level are included in the category of teenagers, one of which is an
important field in the lives of teenagers is the career field, especially
regarding career readiness. This is a logical consequence of teenagers
where there are demands for them to prepare for their careers.
In vocational/high school students' interest in careers to college is
increasing from year to year, it indicates that students are able to plan their
careers carefully. According to Parsons in (Anisah, 2015) formulating
career planning as a process that must be passed before making a career
choice. There are three aspects that must be met in making a career plan,
namely: (1) self-knowledge and understanding, (2) knowledge and
understanding of the world of work (3) realistic reasoning on the
relationship between knowledge and understanding of oneself with
knowledge and understanding of the world of work . In the process of
maturation of the mindset of students, of course, the role of guidance and
counseling teachers is very much needed, especially in providing career
guidance services to students. The purpose of career guidance services is
so that students can plan activities for completing studies, career
development and life in the future. Students can develop all the potential
and strengths of students optimally, and students can adapt themselves in
the educational environment, community environment, and work
environment later.

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Based on this, students must have career maturity in order to

determine their career after graduating from school, whether they continue
to higher education or directly enter the industrial world in their vocational
field. According to B. Hasan in (Rustanto, 2016) stated that career
maturity is attitudes and competencies that play a role in career decision
making. According to Gonzales in (Rustanto, 2016) Super argues that the
success and readiness of adolescents to fulfill organized tasks contained in
each stage of career development is referred to as career maturity.
According to Super in (Rustanto, 2016) Stating that youth career maturity
can be measured by the following indicators: Career planning (career
planning), Career exploration (career exploration), Knowledge about
making career decisions (decision making), Knowledge (information)
about the world of work (world of work information), Knowledge of
preferred occupational groups (knowledge of preferred occupational
group), Realization of career decisions (realisation).

B. PROBLEM FORMULATION
The problem formulation of this paper is as follows:
1. What are the basic concepts of late adolescent and adult career
development theory?
2. What are the characteristics of the theory of late adolescent and
adult career development?
3. What are the strengths and weaknesses of late adolescent and adult
career development theory?
4. How is the application of the theory of late adolescent and adult
development in guidance and counseling services?
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C. PURPOSE
The objectives of writing this paper are as follows:
1. To find out how the basic concepts of the theory of late adolescent
and adult career development.
2. To find out how the characteristics of the theory of late adolescent
and adult career development.
3. To find out what are the strengths and weaknesses of the theory of
late adolescent and adult career development.
4. To find out how the application of the theory of late adolescent and
adult development in guidance and counseling services.
D. BENEFITS
Can add to our knowledge about the Theory Of Career
Development Of Teenage End And Adult Adolescents.
 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Basic Concepts Of Career Development Theory Of End And Adults

And Adults
Donald E. Super's theory assumes career development is an
individual's role in the world they occupy. He also explained that the role
of the individual includes the influence of learning outcomes, group
services, opportunities, work and family for career development
throughout life. According to Brown (2013: 42) states that the Super
career theory draws the assumption that everyone has a certain potential
for success and satisfaction in various work settings. According to Super
in (Hijrah Eko Putro, and Sugiyadi, 2016) making career decisions is an
important developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood. The
main concepts in Super theory are:
1. Career stages.
2. Developmental tasks that are achieved when successfully
passing a certain stage.
3. Implementation of self-concept for career identity
development.
4. Career maturity development.
5. career pattern.
The concept of career development life span is described by Super
in the life career rainbow. This life career rainbow illustrates the
relationship between age and the stages of development that are the
developmental tasks in his life. In addition, according to Dharsana's Super
theory, career choice is a matter of matching. In the rhythm of people's
lives, changes occur and this affects their efforts to realize that self-
concept. Developmental theory accepts matching theory (self-concept
theory), but considers that work choice is not an event that occurs once in
a person's life (eg when he graduates from education).

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Akhmad Sudrajat (2009) explains that in the student period can be

classified in late adolescence to early adulthood or middle adulthood,
which essentially is at this time the establishment of life, so that
developmental tasks related to careers, namely choosing and preparing for
a career are still a task. student development, students are a period where
individuals begin to think about their future in career planning. Career is a
very important aspect in human life. The word career (career) refers more
to a job or position that is occupied and is believed to be a calling for life,
which permeates the entire realm of a person's thoughts and feelings, and
colors his entire lifestyle. Which in the next stage (early adulthood), the
task of development will be a person who is able to choose a partner; then
able to learn to live with a partner. Then start living with a partner;
Students should also be able to care for and look after children; Able to
manage household.;after that start work; Take responsibility as a citizen;
and find a suitable group. The career development of adolescents or early
adults used in career guidance programs is based on the Super theory of
the concept of life stages. Super summarizes the concept of life stages into
12 propositions. Based on these 12 propositions, Super divides the stages
of career development into five stages, namely:
a. Stage of Growth (Growth).
b. Exploration Stage
c. Stage of Establishment (Establishment)
d. Maintenance Phase (Maintenance)
e. Decline Stage

Careers will continue to develop throughout human life. One of the

most important age ranges in career development is at the age of 18-25
years. In this age range decisions regarding further studies will have a
major impact on one's career. Super explained that with regard to
individual careers, students (18-25 years old) had reached the stage of
specification and implementation of preferences in work. In this age range
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decisions regarding further studies will have a major impact on one's

career.

B. Characteristics Of The Development Theory Of End Adolescents And

Adults
Characteristics of career development of adolescents or early adults
are in the exploratory stage (aged 15-24 years). The exploration stage is
marked by starting to do self-examination, trying to divide various roles,
and exploring jobs or positions both at school, in spare time, or through an
apprenticeship system. With the Super theory-based Career Guidance
program that focuses on developing adolescent vocational identity, it is
hoped that it can assist adolescents in developing vocational identity as a
whole, so that adolescents avoid confusion about the role of identity
(roleconfusion), especially the role of vocational identity. Donald E.
Super's career development process in (Thayeb, 2008) in stages of age,
namely:
1. Growth (from birth - 14 years).
In this stage the child develops various potentials, distinctive
views, attitudes, interests, and needs that are integrated into a self-
concept structure.
2. Exploration (age 15-24 years).
The child begins to think about various alternative positions, but
has not yet made a decision to follow. There are sub-stages at this
stage, namely:
a. Crystallization: 14-18 years The period of cognitive
processing to formulate a general vocational goal through
awareness of available resources, possibilities, interests,
values, and planning for a preferred occupation.
b. Specifications: 18-21 years The transition period from
tentative vocational preferences to specific vocational
preferences.
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c. Implementation 21-25 years The period of completing

education/training for a preferred job and entering the world
of work.
d. Stabilization: 25-35 years Period of confirming preferred
career with actual work experience and use of talents to
demonstrate that the career choice is correct.
3. Establishment (age 25-44 years).
This stage is marked by diligent efforts to establish oneself
through the ins and outs of experience during a certain career.
This stage is divided into 2 sub-stages, namely:
a. Consolidating: 25-30 years The period of fostering career
stability by achieving advancement, status and seniority.
b. Advanced (Advancement): 31-44 years Period of
stabilization in the position of the field of work they have.
The pattern of career and business bias is already clear.
4. Maintenance (age 45-64 years).
This stage is characterized by a continuous adjustment
process to improve the position and work situation.
5. Decline (age 65+).
At this stage a person enters retirement and must find a new
lifestyle after leaving his position. According to Super in
(Jatmika, 2015) career maturity can be defined as the extent to
which individuals can make tentative career decisions.
C. Strengths And Weakness Of Theory
1. Strength
a. Career decisions are a series composed of previous decisions,
based on the suitability of career choices that affect efforts to
realize self-concept.
b. Job development is seen as a process that includes many factors,
including: individual self factors, the environment that interact
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with each other and together form a person's career development

process.
c. The super view has several implications for career education and
career counseling about self-image and vocational maturity which
are the guidelines for an educator when designing career education
and career guidance programs.
d. This super theory details how an individual's career development
starts from the initial stage, namely when the individual is just born
until the individual has entered retirement age which indicates the
individual has stopped or is the result of his career development
period.

From the explanation of each of these stages in accordance with

the existing reality, so that the use of this theory in measuring one's career
development can be effective and easy to understand, and can provide an
overview of a person in his career development in terms of his age range
whether he is in the age of infants, children, teenagers, adults or even the
elderly (elderly).

2. Weaknesses
In this super theory, it does not describe how individuals at each
stage of their career development can develop optimally, and does not
provide a description of individuals who fail at each stage of their
career development, so they cannot understand how an individual rises
from his failure in each stage of his career development. . In addition,
this theory does not describe how the career of a person with a
physical disability is described, so this theory does not explain whether
this theory applies to all economic levels of society and is
heterogeneous.
D. Application In Guidance And Counseling Services
This Super Theory is very suitable to be implied by guidance and
counseling teachers in schools in providing assistance services to students
 9

in terms of preparing themselves or introducing themselves to various

kinds of careers that they can choose according to their own potential.
Halit, A. H. (2014) explained that in providing career guidance to students
both junior and senior high school based on this super theory, he must
prepare several things, such as information about the jobs he can do after
graduating from school, how to have a job that suits himself, how to make
decisions in a job, how to have a good attitude in career development and
how to develop a career that is being pursued, so that later students are
really ready to take or be in the harsh world of work with the abilities and
capital that he has obtained from following and accepting career guidance
in schools.
The implementation of the career counseling service program in
this phase is very important, because it is at this age that decisions about
careers are taken by an individual. Mature individuals will make career
choices that are right for themselves by considering various aspects that
exist in themselves. Meanwhile, immature individuals are very likely to
make mistakes in making career decisions (Hidayat & Prabowo, 2019).
 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

A. CONCLUSION
The career development of adolescents or early adults used in
career guidance programs is based on Super theory in the concept of life
stages. Super summarizes the concept of life stages into 12 propositions.
Based on these 12 propositions, Super divides the stages of career
development into five stages, namely: a) the growth stage; b) exploration
stage (exploration); c) establishment stage (establishment); d) maintenance
phase (maintenance); d) and e) the decline stage (decline).
In the student period, it can be classified as late adolescence to
early adulthood or middle adulthood, the point of which at this time is the
establishment of life establishment, so that career-related developmental
tasks, namely choosing and preparing for a career are still a student
development task. Individuals begin to think about their future in career
planning. Career is a very important aspect in human life. Which in the
next stage (early adulthood), the task of development will be a person who
is able to choose a partner; then able to learn to live with a partner. Then
start living with a partner; Students should also be able to care for and look
after children; Able to manage household.;after that start work; Take
responsibility as a citizen; and find a suitable group. The career
development of adolescents or early adults used in career guidance
programs is based on Super theory in the concept of life stages.

B. SUGGESTION
The author realizes that this paper still has many shortcomings, in
the future the author will be more focused and detailed in explaining the
above paper with more sources which of course can be accounted for,
therefore the author expects criticism and suggestions from readers.

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