IT Infrastructure Management Assignment

June 2022 Examination

Question 1

Answer 1:

INTRODUCTION

Organizations are migrated to integrated IT infrastructure from unconnected IT infrastructure. In

the current scenario, it is best suitable and convenient to migrate from independent to
integrated IT infrastructure. But what is actually an IT infrastructure and what it consists
of? Let’s understand.

I.T Infrastructure

It can be defined as the set of hardware, software, resources and network services required
maintaining and running an organization's IT environment. It is typically an internal feature of a
company that allows it to deliver solutions and IT services to partners, customers and workers in
trouble-free and smooth manner.

There are mainly three types of components of IT infrastructure:

Software programmes utilised by a business for both internal operations and offering services to
clients are referred to as software, operating systems (OS), productivity applications, and other
items are included are some software.

Hardware refers to the actual components of an IT infrastructure, such as switches, servers,

routers, personal computers, data centres and all other equipment needed to keep devices and
machines running.

Network Internal and External communication between all the devices and elements of IT
architecture requires interconnected network components. It is made up of all the software and
hardware required for security, internet connectivity, and firewall and network enablement.
CONCEPT AND APPLICATION

What is Migration of Infrastructure and how it is Useful?

It is the transfer of information, data or technology from one system or location to another is
known as migration. Infrastructure components are frequently migrated by organizations. They
may do it to improve speed, scalability and cache layer, or migrate from on-premises to a cloud-
based solution. IT Infrastructure migration can include migration of software, hardware and
network. It can be useful as follows:

 By restoring datacenter simplicity, it is possible to save infrastructure costs by significant

percentage.
 Every part of the IT infrastructure lifecycle can be simplified, from procurement to
management to deployment and scaling.
 Powerful Performance, Fast, Reliability and Efficient Automation, & Easy Maintenance.
What are some Challenges organizations faced while migrating from
Independent IT infrastructure to Integrated IT infrastructure:
Let us assume a company “ABC Inc.” migrated its IT infrastructure from
independent to Integrated or to Cloud Infrastructure.

Company Profile And Why they Migrated?

ABC Inc is a significant IT services provider with operations in 31 countries. They have clients
in a variety of industries including telecom, industries, and BPO/KPOs. Due to a high number of
clients and data load, the company's servers ran out of memory and un-integrated software were
too slow at one point, preventing the company from deploying large projects and completing old
projects on time. They have decided to migrate their Infrastructure to integrated IaaS platform
and found Cloud as best suited. Challenges faced by them as follows:

 Challenge to consolidate all organizational Data from distinct working offices

into a single area that all offices can readily access.
 Authentication issues in a network's infrastructure: Password, user id and
other user related information was exposed over the integrated Infra. Internet.
 Challenge to standardize all of the applications and operating systems used by
employees across the organization which was a challenge as integration of old software’s
and systems was not easy and would take lot of time to fulfill every department needs and
creating a single email platform was also needed.
 Ensuring appropriate data protection and network security
technologies in place in order to remain compliant.
 Controlling Capital expenditures related with IT infrastructure upgrades which
was become very costly at point of time for the organization. So, optimizing resources
and reduce wastage was required to control cost of migration.
 ABC Inc. Customers service and customer care are deteriorating. While
and after migration process for support engineers, managers and professionals, integrated
cloud infrastructure solutions can create risk to overall service quality. As they have no
 control, as well as requiring additional resources to complete the migration and deal with
short-term issues that arise after the migration.
 Higher capacity and speed are required to scale the storage space
 Lack of integration and vendor independence: The majority of IT
infrastructure is made up of many services and features provided by other suppliers, each
with its own software and interface for managing them. Without combining these various
vendor solutions to meet the companies' demands, they are forced to compromise on
redundancy, features, security, and other factors, making it difficult to establish a
genuinely customized network.
 Training and necessary tools cost: Investing in the people for a successful
migration. Users were needed to be trained on the new systems.
Latency, and interoperability: initially after migrating integration of software and
network would delay and cause latency and hence there was issue of interoperability as
systems of organization finding difficulty in working together.

 Compliance and sensitive data of ABC Inc. : ABC Inc. has found difficultly
while migrating in security conundrum between efficiency, maximising production, and
cost versus safeguarding their sensitive data in integrated network like cloud. Generally,
employees save sensitive corporate data in these networks apps as part of their routine
workflow. They are fully oblivious of the security or compliance risk of migrating.
 Downsizing of IT departments of ABC Inc. The use of integrated cloud
infrastructure poses a threat to IT support departments which was downsized. IT
assistance. There was temporarily downsizing IT support departments to deal with
migration.

 Challenge to Ensure Provisioning of Enough Local bandwidth: When

switching to an integrated IaaS platform, one of the most neglected challenges is how
much bandwidth provisioning is required as there could be a lot of traffic flowing
between locally hosted systems and remote cloud pieces. Thus local bandwidth becomes
a bottleneck.
Overcoming Migration Challenges:

 Making sure IT due diligence over cloud migration checklist.

 Proper planning is another thing done right over integrated migration checklist.
 Automating things and tested thoroughly
 Migrated Step by Step and decided bandwidth required.
 Plan IT resources required and help people get the training done.
 Plan and decided which is the complaint and sensitive data for company. Kept it locally.
 Doesn’t relying on single Services Provider. Keep things API based.
 Proper design of system/network/SaaS requirements beforehand.

CONCLUSION
So, this can be concluded that ABC Inc. has faced many challenges while migrating from
Independent to Integrated IT Infrastructure specifically over IaaS cloud. Challenges
mentioned above are some of those which they have faced while migrating. They have overcome
these challenges by taking some precautionary measures and thus successfully implemented the
integrated IT Infrastructure.
Question 2

Answer 2:

INTRODUCTION

Digital business necessitates solutions, tools and technology that enable information and data to
move smoothly throughout the organization. However, laying out the proper infrastructure is
important.

What is IT Infrastructure and Why Optimal IT Infrastructure is required?

The set of hardware, software, resources, and network services required to manage and
administer an organization's IT environment is known as IT infrastructure. An Optimal IT
Infrastructure is required to:

 To provide a great consumer experience by ensuring that its resources like websites,
online store, customer services and support are always available.
 To rapidly develop and launch solutions to market
 To collect data in real time to make speedy decisions.
 Boost employee efficiency.

The components of IT infrastructure are made up of interconnected things, with software and
hardware being the two main types of components. Hardware requires software, such as an
operating system to function.

Let’s find out how their Optimal IT Infrastructure used to achieving such experience?

CONCEPT AND APPLICATION

Optimal I.T Infrastructure can assist businesses in reducing staff, streamlining operations,
and processes, and lowering internal expenses, which can then be responsible for lowering of
prices for customers. As many customers actively seek lower prices, this method works well
for establishing customer relationships.
Let’s take some examples who have achieved Optimal IT Infrastructure and thus create
unique customer Experience and Loyalty: (Image Example of Optimal IT Infra.)

 Banking Sector (HSBC):

Background: HSBC offers its customers worldwide banking and the company's manages its
whole operation through regional representative offices with local ties with managers and
product specialists that supply worldwide banking services and products.

Business Challenge: The company was encountering numerous challenges prior to the
optimizing their IT Infrastructure. For example

 All of the company’s managed manually, and the data associated with it was kept
in an excel spreadsheet.
 It was difficult to accurately tracking, measuring and reporting of the incidents
filed with the department.
 Difficult to make improvements in internal processes and to compare service
levels to internal SLAs

How Used Optimal I.T Infrastructure to Overcome: After analyzing the product utilized by
HSBC globally, the HSBC decided to take an alternate solution. The company subsequently
chose to optimize its infrastructure Front Range HEAT Service & Support.
  This offered an automated ITSM (IT Service Management) solution as well as
business monitoring and self-service capabilities for operational tasks.
 Real-Time Notification to Customer using SaaS about their account related updating.
Automated process keeps everyone updated about their status of change request.
 Mobile Banking: like using HSBC mobile banking apps keep the users engaged and
convenient to end users.
 Reliably monitor and report on all metrics and actions after using SaaS Service &
Support.
 Encourage error-free environment: human errors are reduced significantly thus
services provided to customers is accurate
 More equitable and efficient distribution of resources, as well as improved monitoring
and escalation thus increase in customer satisfaction over services.

 Aviation Sector (Indigo Airlines):

Background

Indigo Airlines, like most airlines in recent years, has been under increasing pressure to
reduce operational costs and increase profitability in order to compete. It is India's largest airline
in terms of passengers transported. With its current infrastructure, the company discovered that
several departments were hindered by a lack of data availability.

Business Challenge:

 They have time, access, and resource limitations that made it difficult to distribute
large amounts of data.
 Challenges of a market that is continually evolving and diverse.

 Barrier to the data expediency and flexibility 

How Used Optimal I.T Infrastructure to Overcome:

  Smart maintenance
Passengers generally raise many baggage monitoring concerns thanks to the software of
sophisticated data analytics. While radio-frequency identification (RFID) helps to
avoid luggage mishandling, predictive analysis maintain other activities smartly.
 Real time Analysis increase Customer Satisfaction: Indigo Airlines keeps its
customers up to date in real time using sentiment research, predictive analysis helps
presenting specific deals based on their habits, needs and unique experiences.
 From infrastructure to service delivery, SaaS: full-service management using SaaS
solution might encompass hotspot operation, as well as connectivity and troubleshooting.
As a result, all processes are totally documented and digitized.
 Digital Transformation
To meet consumer expectations, including real-time performance dashboards and
predictive maintenance, Indigo Airlines provided solutions developed to provide the ideal
platform for custom-made technology.
 Measuring performance
Indigo Airlines automates the compilation of daily activity data such as the number of
passengers flown the distance flown and per flight/sector.

 Package Delivery—E-Kart Logistics

Background

EKART, a Flipkart subsidiary, is relying on a variety of technologies, including robotics and

automation, to build a logistics network and supply chain that is scalable, robust and durable
enough to handle millions of products on a daily basis.

How Used Optimal I.T Infrastructure to Overcome:

 Automated guided vehicles (AGVs). With minimum human assistance, packages move
on their own and place items in predetermined spaces.
 Created a technology infrastructure for its whole supply chain network, with the
primary purpose of exceeding customer expectation.
  IT Infrastructure for sorting locations, Fulfillment centers, delivery hubs, and last-
mile delivery transit to ensure that the correct goods is delivered to the correct place, all
of these pieces must operate together.
 Automation of Rerouting and Delivery: Without any personal intervention, EKART's
algorithms can automatically decide how to reroute the entire shipment or make any
necessary alterations.
 Validation and Security of Delivered product: OTP notification was sent to customers
who actually own the product for security of customer’s product.

 How effective is use of digital technology in keeping you a loyal

customer?
 Push notifications can increase foot traffic. Use location-based alerts to notify
nearby loyal clients when an incentive or special deal is available. This will increase foot
traffic and allow people to purchase.
 Integrate with POS (point-of-sale) systems. Reward programs’ to make it
simple for retail store staff and customers to participate. Read barcodes or QR codes to
identify customers and reward them.
 Make use of data to customize your experience . Consumers frequently expect
that sharing their personal data with a brand will improve their CX.
 Maintain the evolution of your loyalty programs . Consider that customers
might need in the future as situations change, especially in this ever-changing climate.
Then, using your loyalty programs, continue to provide more relevant experiences.

CONCLUSION
So, this can be concluded that these mentioned companies which do generally with us on daily
basis having optimal IT Infrastructure in each company using to keep us informed engage or
to create a unique customer experience and can make us a loyal customer due to the use of
mentioned digital technologies.
Question 3 a

Answer 3 a:

INTRODUCTION

Cloud Computing: It is the on-demand access to computing resources including data

storage, servers (virtual and physical), applications, networking capabilities, development tools
etc. which is hosted at a remote data centre controlled by a cloud services provider which can be
accessible via the internet.

The Cloud Dilemma

The Cloud is being positioned as the Next Big Thing in terms of gaining rapid ROI, aligning IT
with business and shifting capital spending to operating cost. But the questions remain the
same whether a business should move to cloud or not.

 Evaluating Critically
Critically evaluating A balanced debate is sought when someone critically evaluates something.
Both side responses should take into account including both the good and negative parts of the
theory.

Is Cloud Migration a Good IT Infrastructure Decision?

 IT spending to a pay-as-you-go model ROI, comparing capital expenses (CapEx) to

operational expenses (OpEx) demonstrates that the cloud may save money while reaping
additional benefits.
 There can be Multi-tenancy Issues: Resources like data, code, applications and services
are available to different users at same time
 Data Management Issues: Some issues associated with it are transactional isolation,
atomicity and consistency. Challenges with Virtualization, related to successful
cloud deployment
CONCEPT AND APPLICATION

Cloud seems beneficial, But at what cost? There are following types of cloud services:

 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): it includes the basic infrastructure of networks,

virtual servers, data storage, and operating systems.
 Platform as a Service (PaaS): PaaS allows users to construct web apps easily, fast and is
scalable. Include basic softwares and OS installed
 Software as a Service (SaaS): Such approach entails the distribution of software through
the internet to a variety of companies that pay-per-use.

 Positive aspects of Cloud:

PaaS:
 Multi Tenancy: Hundreds to thousands of users with several active projects are
supported. To secure multiple users, data must be partitioned.
 End-User Points: Web-based tools can be handled easy from anywhere and anytime.
 Build-In Monitoring available and tools can be provided
 Scalability, failure handling and load balancing are basic building blocks.
SaaS:
 Cloud SaaS service May Enables Company maintains and build genuine customer
relationships and outstanding customer experiences.
 Answer to Traditional IT Woes: slowness and unresponsive systems during heavy
traffic times can be now handled using cloud as it is scalable.
 Cost effective and User-friendly:
 Simple and Common cost platform as per per use: Mergers and acquisitions (or
demergers and spin-out plans) can be easy, because Cloud is pay-per-use cost based and
having simple platform to expand.
  Automation and Compatibility Improvements: Automated data entry can be done in
SaaS and other software’s available like CRM. Also, automated compatibility can be
done by service provider (CSP).
 Easy to scale up and down and system flexibility.

Negative aspects:
 Because company’s data is not hosted on its own servers, can’t have complete control
over their system architecture and data security.
 Designing the system or change it whenever is not feasible- company can’t have
ultimate control over it tailoring and updates can’t be done anytime or easily.
 Can’t meet high-end security standards – servers are not in company's hands.
 If you have a high number of users, on-premises may be more efficient - CSP charge
based on the number of users, so for large number of user cloud may become costly.

CONCLUSION
So, it can be concluded that, Businesses are being pushed toward the Cloud because they've
reached a tipping point where a new strategy to IT is required, one that caters to business needs,
is extremely cost-effective, adaptable and supports tactical and strategic business developments.
Question 3 b

Answer 3 b:

INTRODUCTION

Various organizations are working hard to reduce the amount of energy by using energy efficient
labeled devices or electronic goods such practice is named as “Green Computing”.

Green Computing:

It is the process of manufacturing, designing, using, and disposing of computers, chips,

other technology components in a way that has a low environmental impact, such as
reducing energy consumption and lowering carbon emissions by data centers and manufacturers.

Advantages of Green Computing:

 Green computing is all about lowering computer power consumption, which results in
less use of pollutants that affect the environment.
 It saves computational resources and thus uses less energy.
 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are reduced.
 Reduces the consumption of fossil fuels in data centers.
 It saves energy, resulting in saving money.
 Allows things to be recycled, improving energy saving. Prevents computing devices from
malfunctioning and overheating.
CONCEPT AND APPLICATION

Let’s discuss approaches organization use for green computing and how it can be implemented
what can be some actionable points which can be done to enhance green computing and
reduce carbon emission.

 Approach to Achieve Green Computing in I.T Organization:

 Virtualization is refers to a virtual machine that combines numerous physical

subsystems to create a more powerful system. The system's operational power is reduced
in such case.
 Algorithm efficiency: A well-designed computer software application can lower the cost
of replacing it due to failure and extends the life of the hardware.
 Power Management: some defined standard allows components of a computer system to
be turned off automatically..
 Power supply: 80 PLUS is a certification programme for PSU that encourages power
supply units to save energy.
 Storage: Small hard disc is useful being green requires a lesser size factor.
 Display: light-emitting diodes (LEDs) monitors due to their lower power consumption
should be utilized.
 Materials recycling: computer system can be donated to various charities and non-profit
organisations when is no longer needed.

 Actionable Points:
 Implement virtualization as much as possible use cloud IaaS, PaaS
 Measurement of the Current Carbon Footprints of IT Components
 Making IT Operations More Centralized and using Computer Applications that are
more efficient.
 Carefully consider of IT device and accessories life cycles.
  Approach to Achieve Green Computing in by Network And
Telecommunication Organizations:

 Organizations must identify the locations where green grids can be implemented.
 Data centres' energy efficiency Energy consumption measurements and models for
networks and network elements such as systems, towers, servers etc.
 Mobile networking, wireless and wired energy efficiency sectors
 Use of routers, Switches, and gateways are examples of energy-efficient network
components.

 Actionable Points:
 Start data dissemination module with data Optimization
 Implement Energy efficiency routing mechanism to reduce energy consumption
 In base or central station data aggregation process should start.
 Synchronized energy consumption techniques.

 Approach to Achieve Green Computing by Cloud Service Providers

(CSPs):
 Should implement Green Cloud Computing model having advantages of being energy
efficient, consolidating, and environmentally friendly.
 Collaboration between software and hardware software partners, as well as cloud
providers should be there.
 Should operate with low and renewable energy.
 Should have renewable and reusable equipments.

CONCLUSION

So, this can be concluded that such green computing approaches and action points can help to
reduce the consumption of energy and to reduce carbon emission (CO2 emission) and the
organization mention successfully able to implement these and achieve green computing.
References and Image Links:
http://www.ibm.com/blogs/cloud-computing/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/
Cloud-computing-migration.png

https://tech-assured.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/cloud-migration.jpg

https://www.stonegroup.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Screenshot-2019-
10-15-at-12.44.12.png

https://geekflare.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/
whygreencomputingimportant.png