FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

OF

STANDARD CHARTERED BANK NEPAL LTD

A Project Work Report Proposal

By

PRABINA NEUPANE
T.U. Regd. No.:7-2-927-265-2018

Shwoyambhu International College

New baneshwor, Kathmandu

[Group: Finance]

Submitted to:

Faculty of Management, Research Committee

Tribhuvan University

Kathmandu, Nepal

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS STUDIES (BBS)

Kathmandu, Nepal

November, 2022
Table of contents
1. Background........................................................................................................................................ 1
2. Profile of the Company ...................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Capital Structure: ........................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Board Composition of Standard Chartered Bank Nepal: ................................................................. 5
3. Statement of Problem: ....................................................................................................................... 5
4. Objective of the Study: ...................................................................................................................... 6
5. Rationale: ........................................................................................................................................... 7
6. Review ................................................................................................................................................ 7
6.1 Conceptual Review ........................................................................................................................ 7
6.2 Review of Previous Work ............................................................................................................... 8
7. Research Methods............................................................................................................................ 10
7.1 Research Design........................................................................................................................... 10
7.2 Population and Sample ................................................................................................................ 11
7.3 Sources of Data............................................................................................................................ 11
7.4 Data Collection Strategy............................................................................................................... 11
7.5 Tools of Data Analysis .................................................................................................................. 11
8. Limitations of the Study: ................................................................................................................. 15
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................... 16
WEBSITES:......................................................................................................................................... 17
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1. Background

Financial performance is a subjective measure of how well a firm can use assets from its primary
mode of business and generate revenues. The term is also used as a general measure of a firm's
overall financial health over a given period.

Financial analysis refers to the process of studying and assessing a company’s financial
statements—a collection of data and figures organized according to recognized accounting
principles. The aim is to understand the company's business model, the profitability (or loss) of its
operations, and how it's spending, investing, and generally using its money—summarizing the
company by the numbers, so to speak. Financial stability of a firm is associated with its ability to
generate profit, increase the value of invested capital and at the same time repay its short- and
long-term liabilities. Assessment of financial performance is primarily based on various methods
of financial analysis. Financial analysis is structural and logical way to present and analyze overall
financial information of a financial institution.

Performance evaluation is the important approach for enterprises to give incentive and restraint to
their operators and it is an important channel for enterprise stakeholders to get the performance
information (Sun, 2011).

The performance evaluation of a commercial bank is usually related to how well the bank can use
its assets, shareholders’ equities and liabilities, revenues and manage expenses. In the practice of
financial analysis, financial ratios are mainly used for their simplicity and additional information
value. Financial ratios are the most popular and most widely used methods of financial analysis
also because they can be used as input data of more complex mathematical models.

Van Horne & WachowiczJr (2005) stated that,” To evaluate a firm’s financial condition and
performance, the financial analyst needs to perform “check-ups” on various aspects of a firm’s
financial health. A tool frequently used during these check-ups is a financial ratio, or index, which
relates two pieces of financial data by dividing one quantity by the other”. One can employ
financial ratios to determine a firm’s liquidity, profitability, solvency, and adequacy used financial
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ratios to show the financial position and performance analysis of Bank. To assess the results and
to predict future financial development of a firm it is necessary to connect data from financial
analysis and other information that the firm itself presents mainly in its annual report. Annual
reports also present company’s managerial priorities. To calculate this, quantitative data from
bank’s financial statement and other sources is sought.

(Pandey, 2004) James pointed out that financial ratios are used by bankers, creditors; shareholders
and accountants to evaluate data presented to an entity financial statement. Depending on the
results of the evaluations, bankers and creditors may choose to extend or retract financing and
potential shareholders may adjust the level of commitment in a company. The evaluation of a
firm’s performance usually employs the financial ratio method, because it provides a simple
description about the firm’s financial performance in comparison with previous periods and helps
to improve its performance of management (Lin et al., 2005).

With this increase of competition in banking industry, every bank is trying to provide their
customers better services as much as possible to ensure maximum satisfaction (Uppal,2010).
Evaluation of bank’s performance from time to time helps them to know how well they are actually
satisfying their customers and becoming successful.

If efficiency is gained in the banking sector, it will make the country domestically and
internationally more competitive and capable of generating more income and employment
opportunities. An appropriate evaluation of performance of selected banks requires a range of
financial, operational and economic indicators to be applied (Chowdhury,2002).

With respect to the Performances of Nepalese Banking sector, foreign and national experts
undertook number of studies. All these studies provide a great insight to evaluate bank financial
performance by using ratio, trend, correlation; the easiest way to evaluate the performance of a
firm is to compare its present ratio with the past ratio. It gives an indicator of the direction of
change and reflects whether the firm’s financial performance has improved, deteriorated or
remained constant overtime.
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2. Profile of the Company

Standard Chartered Bank Nepal Limited has been in operation in Nepal since 1987 when it was
initially registered as a joint-venture operation. Today, the Bank is an integral part of Standard
Chartered Group having an ownership of 70.21% in the company with 29.79% shares owned by
the Nepalese public. The Bank enjoys the status of the only international bank currently operating
in Nepal. It is also the only Bank in Nepal accredited with ICRANP-IR AAA rating by ICRA
Nepal as the safest bank regarding timely servicing of financial obligations. IT is a leading
international banking group with a 160-year history in some of the world’s most dynamic markets.
Its heritage and values are expressed in its brand promise, here for good.

Bank says “Our operations reflect our Purpose”, which is to drive commerce and prosperity
through unique diversity. With 85,000 employees, the bank is present in 59 markets and its
network serves customers in close to 150 markets. SCB is also listed on the London and Hong
Kong Stock Exchanges.

With 14 points of representation, 28 ATMs across the country and more than 504 local staff,
Standard Chartered Bank Nepal Limited is serving its clients and customers through a strategic
domestic network. In addition, the global network of Standard Chartered Group enables it to be
the best bank in Nepal for providing truly international banking services in the country. Standard
Chartered Bank Nepal Limited offers a full range of banking products and services to a wide range
of clients and customers including individuals, mid-market local corporates, multinationals, large
public-sector companies, government corporations as well as the development organizations
segment comprising of aid agencies, bilateral entities, multilateral entities, non-government
organizations and international non-government organizations. The Bank has been the pioneer in
introducing client-focused products and services and aspires to continue its leadership. It is the
first Bank in Nepal to implement the Anti- Money Laundering policy and to apply the ‘Know Your
Customer’ procedure on all the customer accounts. The Bank believes in delivering shareholder
value in a social, ethical and environmentally responsible manner.

Standard Chartered throughout its long history has played an active role in supporting those
communities in which its customers and staff live.
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In May 2019, the Bank’s new Global Community Program Strategy “Futuremakers by Standard
Chartered” was launched in Nepal subsequent to the global launch in January 2019. This initiative
focuses on empowering the next generation to learn, earn and grow. There are three pillars to the
strategy: education, employability and entrepreneurship. It builds on the success of our current
community programs while growing our ambition to ensure that we are reaching more young
people across our markets. The Bank is also actively engaged with the communities in raising
awareness around Financial Literacy, Environment, Health and Education including conducting
relief activities for COVID-19 pandemic.

2.1 Capital Structure:

Share Capital

As on Quarter ended 30 Chaitra 2078

Particulars Amount (Rs.)

Issued capital

(9,42,94,539 Ordinary shares of Rs. 100 each) 9,42,94,53,900

Subscribed and paid-up capital (9,42,94,539 Ordinary shares

of Rs. 100 each)
9,42,94,53,900
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Ownership Structure Of SCB

Ownership Structure Percentage (%)

Domestic Ownership 29.79

Foreign Ownership 70.21

Total 100

1.2 Board Composition of Standard Chartered Bank Nepal:

• Zarin Daruwala – Chairperson

• Karen De Alwis – Director

• Bharat Kunwar – Director

• Anirvan Ghosh Dastidar – Director

3. Statement of Problem:

Financial statement analysis can be a very useful tool for understanding a firm’s performance and
conditions. However, there are certain problems and issues encountered in such analysis which
call for care, circumspection and judgement.

In Nepal, the profitability rate, operating expenses and dividend distribution rate among the
shareholders have been found different in the financial performance of the bank in different periods
of time. The problem of the study will ultimately find out the reasons about difference in financial
performance. A comparative analysis of financial performance of the bank over different time
periods would be highly beneficial for pointing out its strength and weakness. Although
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commercial banks are considered efficient, but how far are they efficient? This question does
emerge in banking sector. At present we have twenty-seven commercial banks. In spite of rapid
growth, some indicators show performance is not much encouraging towards the service coverage.
In such a situation, this study tries to analyze the present performance of banks, which would give
the answers to following queries:

a) What is the comparative liquidity, profitability and activity ratio of the bank over different

time periods?

b) Is the trend of different ratios of the bank satisfactory over different time periods?

4. Objective of the Study:

Financial Performance Analysis helps to demonstrates the interrelationship between the income
statement and balance sheet and describes the risk and return trade-off underlying management
decisions. the objectives of the analysis are to apprehend the information contained in financial
statements with a view to know the weaknesses and strengths of the firm and to make a forecast
about the future prospects of the firm thereby, enabling the analysts to take decisions. Some
Primary objectives of the study are:

• examine the efficiency and performance of SCB as reflected in the annual financial
reports.
• To analyze the financial performance with reference to Standard Chartered Bank Nepal
ltd.
• To evaluate the financial position in terms of profitability, activity, and earnings ratios.
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5. Rationale:

Report writing is very significant to students as it helps to broaden their mind by studying directly
without another proper guide. The case of the study is related with the financial performance of
Standard Chartered bank Nepal ltd. The analysis will be helpful to know the financial strength of
the bank. It is hoped that the study will help to improve the performance of the bank in future.
Lastly, it becomes the most suitable literature for future study.

6. Review

6.1 Conceptual Review

Ahuja (1998), “Financial Performance analysis is a study or relationship among the various
financial factor in business a disclosed by a single set of statement and a study of the trend of
these fact as shown in a series of statements. By establishing a strategic relationship between the
item of a balance sheet and income statements and other operative data, the financial analysis
unveils the meaning and signification of such items.’’

Pandey (1997) has defined as “The finance statement provides a summarized view of the financial
operation of the firm. Therefore, something can be learnt about a firm and careful examination of
the financial statements as invaluable documents or performance reports. Thus, the analysis of
financial statement is an important aid to financial analysis or ratio analysis which is a main tool
of financial statement analysis.

According to Metcalf and Tatar (1996), “Financial Performance analysis is a process of evaluating
the relationship between components parts of a financial statement to obtain a better understanding
of a firm’s position and performance.”

Khan and Jain have defined that (1990) “The ratio analysis is defined as the systematic use of ratio
to interpret the financial performance so that the strength and weakness of firm as well as its
historical performance and current financial condition can be determined.”
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In the word of Horne (1994) “Financial ratio can be derived from the balance sheet and the income
statement. They must be analyzed on a comparative basis. Ratio may also be judged in comparison
with those of similar firms in the same line of business and when appropriate, with an industry
average and we can look to future progress in this regard.”

A comparative study of financial performance is a basic process, which provides information on

profitability, liquidity position, earning capacity, efficiency in operation, sources and use of
capital, financial achievement and status of the companies. This information will help to determine
the extent of efficiency and effectiveness of the company in respect of deploying financial
resources in the profitable manner.

Brigham and Houston (2004) views that financial profitability lies in a firm’s ability to generate
revenues in excess of its costs: for either long or short term. In the long run, a firm should be able
to maintain the value of invested capital and able to yield a profit, which exceed the opportunity
cost of cost of capital meaning that the yield generated by the firm should exceed the opportunity
cost of capital.

Elumilade et al. (2006) described investment decision as one of the most significant decision Areas
that affect the future profitability either because it might result in an increase in revenue or because
it can cause an increase in efficiency and reduction in costs.

A tool used by individuals to conduct a quantitative analysis of information in a company’s

financial statements. Ratios are calculated from current year numbers and are then compared to
previous years, other companies, the industry, or even the economy to judge the performance of
the company. Ratio analysis is predominately used by proponents of fundamental analysis
(Investopedia).

6.2 Review of Previous Work

Prior to this study, the several researchers have found various studies regarding financial
performance of commercial and joint venture banks. In this study, only relevant subject maters are
reviewed.
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Oberholzer & Van der Westhuizen (2004) investigated the efficiency and profitability of ten
banking regional offices of one of South Africa's larger banks. This study demonstrates how
conventional profitability and efficiency analyses can be used in conjunction with DEA. Although
their study concentrated on banking regions; their findings confirm those of Yeh (1996) that DEA
results as an efficiency analysis can be used in conjunction with DEA. Although their study
concentrated on banking regions; their findings confirm those of Yeh (1996) that DEA results as
an efficiency measure have a relationship with both profitability and efficiency ratios. The
conclusions were that there are significant relationships between conventional profitability and
efficiency measures and allocative, cost and scale efficiency and no significant relationship with
technical efficiency.

Cronie (2007) who employed the DEA method and a sample of 13 South African banks to provide
a measure of the efficiency of the South African banks. His findings show that out of the 13 banks,
the three largest banks are efficient and serve as a standard for the banks classified as inefficient.

The fourth largest bank showed a slight inefficiency. Overall, seven banks were classified as
inefficient and the article recommends target areas for the banks to improve their efficiencies with
guidelines that bankers in inefficient banks could use to increase their sustainable profitability.

UK where Drake (2001) & Webb (2003) found the larger banks less efficient. This difference
could be attributed to the differences in operating environment as South Africa is an emerging
economy with a different political and economic history whereas UK is a developed country.

Ncube (2009) who uses the stochastic frontier model to analyze the cost and profit efficiency of
four large and four small South African banks. The results of the study show that South African
banks have significantly improved their cost efficiencies between 2000 and 2005 with the most
cost-efficient banks also being most profit efficient.

The measurement of bank performance particularly commercial banks is well researched and has
received increased attention over the past years (Sei ford and Zhu, 1999). There have been a large
number of empirical studies on commercial bank performance around the world (see Yeh, 1996;
Webb, 2003; Lacewell, 2003; Halkos and Salamouris, 2004; Tarawneh, 2006). Traditionally
accounting methods primarily based on the use of financial ratios have been employed for
assessing bank performance (Ncube, 2009). However, the limitations of this method coupled with
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advances in management sciences have led to the development of alternate methods such as non-
parametric DEA and parametric Stochastic Frontier Approach (hereafters) (Berger and Humphrey,
1997).

Shrestha (2003) Profitability in future is sound for the commercial banks in Nepal. Since the only
15 years old commercial banks are selected as a sample and weighted interest rate is used as
discounting rate; the result should not be generalized from this study.

In the Samad (2004) investigated the performance of seven locally incorporated commercial banks
during the period 1994-2001. Financial ratios were used to evaluate the credit quality, profitability,
and liquidity performances. The performance of the seven commercial banks was compared with
the banking industry in Bahrain which was considered a benchmark. The article applied a student’s
t-test to measure the statistical significance for the measures of performance. The results revealed
that commercial banks in Bahrain were relatively less profitable, less liquid and were exposed to
higher credit risk than the banking industry, in which wholesale banks are the main component.

7. Research Methods

7.1 Research Design

Research design is the task of defining the research problem. In other words, "A research design
is the arrangement of conditions, for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to
combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure. In fact, the research design
is the conceptual structure within which the research is conduct. General objective of this research
is to examine and evaluate the financial performance of joint venture bank especially that of
Standard Chartered Bank Nepal. In order to achieve this objective, descriptive research design has
been followed. Also, the research is based on historical research design (used of historical data for
analysis).
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7.2 Population and Sample

The population for this study comprises of 27 commercial banks currently operating in the country.
The sample consists of one judgmentally selected bank- Standard Chartered Bank Nepal ltd. This
unit represents 3.70% of the total population.

7.3 Sources of Data

The present study is based on secondary data. The necessary data is obtained from published
Annual report containing Statement Of financial position, Statement of Comprehensive Income
and other related statements of the bank. Likewise, other relevant information’s are also obtained
from various sources such as various publications, business magazines, journals and newspaper.
According to the need and objectives, secondary data are compiled, processed and tabulated in
time series. In order to judge the reliability of data provided by the bank and other sources they
were complied with the annual reports of the bank. The data used in this study is mainly based on
the annual reports of Standard Chartered Bank Nepal ltd.

7.4 Data Collection Strategy

The study is based on secondary data from annual financial report of SCBNL. It relies on both
published and unpublished report that relate to this study. The conclusion is based on financial
statement of SCBNL.

7.5 Tools of Data Analysis

Data Analysis tools are those, that are used for the analysis and interpretation of financial data.
These tools are fruitful in exploring the strengths and weaknesses of the financial policies and
strategies. In the study various financial tools have been used, which are as follows.
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Liquidity ratios:

• Cash and Bank Balance to Current & Saving Deposit Ratio.

The ratio shows the ability of banks’ immediate funds to cover their deposit. Higher the
ratio shows higher liquidity position and ability to cover the deposits and vice versa. The
ratio is computed by dividing and bank balance by current and saving deposits. Cash and
bank balance to current and saving deposits ratio.

𝐶𝑎𝑠ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

=
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 & 𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑠

• Fixed Deposit to Total Deposit Ratio

The ratio shows what percentage of total deposit has been collected in form of fixed
deposit. High ratio indicates better opportunity available to the bank to invest in sufficient
profit generating long-term loans. Low ratio means bank should invest the fund of low
cost in short-term loans. It is calculated as follow:

𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡
=
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡

Profitability Ratios:

• Return on Asset

The ratio is calculated by dividing net profit after tax by total on asset on the bank.
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑇𝑎𝑥
=
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠

Net profit refers to the profit deduction of interest and tax. A total asset means the assets that
appear in asset of balance sheet.
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It measures the efficiency of bank in utilization of the overall assets. High ratio indicates the
success of management in overall operation. Lower ratio means insufficient operation of the bank.

• Return on Net Worth

The ratio is computed by dividing net profit after tax by net worth.
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑇𝑎𝑥
=
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑡ℎ

The ratio is tested to see the profitability of the owner's investment "reflects the extent to which
the objective of business is accomplished.”

• Return on Total Deposit

The ratio is computed by dividing net profit after tax by total deposit.

𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑇𝑎𝑥

=
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡

The ratio shows the relation of net profit earned by the bank with the total deposit accumulated.
High ratio is the index of strong profitability position.

Turnover ratio:

• Loan and Advances to Total Deposit Ratio

The ratio is computed by dividing total loans and advances by total deposit liabilities.
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠
=
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡

High ratio means the greater use of deposits for investing in loans and advances. However, very
high ratio shows poor liquidity position and risk in loans on the contrary; too low ratio may be the
causes of idle cash or use of fund less efficiently.

• Investment to Total Deposit Ratio

The ratio obtained by dividing investment by total deposits collection in the bank.
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𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
=
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡

The ratio shows how efficiently the major resources of the bank have been mobilized. High ratio
indicates managerial efficiency regarding the utilization of deposits. Low ratio is the result of less
efficiency in use of funds.

Other Ratios:

• Capital Adequacy Ratio.

The capital adequacy ratio (CAR) is a measurement of a bank's available capital expressed
as a percentage of a bank's risk-weighted credit exposures. The capital adequacy ratio is
used to protect depositors and promote the stability and efficiency of financial systems
around the world.
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
=
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑘 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

𝑇𝑖𝑒𝑟 1 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙
=
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑘 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

• Earnings per share (EPS)

It is obtained by dividing earning available to common shareholders by number of equities
shares out-standing.

𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦

=
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔

Earnings per share refers to the income available to the common shareholders on per share basis,
it enables us to compare whether the earning based on per share basis has changed over past period
or not. The investors favor high EPS. It reflects the sound profitability of the bank.

• Price-Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio)

𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒
=
𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑃𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒
 15

P/E ratio is widely used to evaluate the bank's performance as expected by investors. It measures
how the market is responding towards the earning performance of the concerned institution. High
ratio indicates greater expectation of the market towards the firm.

8. Limitations of the Study:

The major limitations of the study are as follows:

• Limited variables have been selected.

• This study is based on secondary data.

• It ignores the qualitative aspects.

• Only selected financial and statistical tools and techniques have been used.

• This study covers data of past five years only.

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WEBSITES:

https://www.sc.com/np/
www.nrb.org.np
https://www.simplilearn.com/financial-performance-rar21-article
https://www.investopedia.com
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