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Lucky Number

This document contains code related to the training process in Keras. It imports modules needed for training like losses, metrics, optimizers and defines functions for model training using different methods such as eager execution or distribution strategies.

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Moona
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
72 views56 pages

Lucky Number

This document contains code related to the training process in Keras. It imports modules needed for training like losses, metrics, optimizers and defines functions for model training using different methods such as eager execution or distribution strategies.

Uploaded by

Moona
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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rsrrrrrr / WCC Public

Code Issues Pull requests 1 Actions Projects 1 Wiki Security Insights

1 Open
0 Closed Sort

wcc(worldcash)
Updated on 7 Jan 2020

Copyright 2015 The TensorFlow Authors. All


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,1)

Licensed under the Apache License, Version


2.0 (the "License");

you may not use this file except in


compliance with the License.

You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-
2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed
to in writing, software

distributed under the License is distributed


on an "AS IS" BASIS,

WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF


ANY KIND, either express or implied.

See the License for the specific language


governing permissions and

limitations under the License.

====================================
====================================
======
"""Training-related part of the Keras engine.
"""
from future import absolute_import
from
future import division
from future import print_function

import collections
import numpy as np
from tensorflow.python import tf2
from tensorflow.python.data.ops import dataset_ops
from
tensorflow.python.data.ops import iterator_ops
from tensorflow.python.distribute import
distribution_strategy_context
from tensorflow.python.distribute import multi_worker_util
from
tensorflow.python.eager import context
from tensorflow.python.eager import def_function
from tensorflow.python.eager import monitoring
from tensorflow.python.framework import
composite_tensor_utils
from tensorflow.python.framework import constant_op
from
tensorflow.python.framework import ops
from tensorflow.python.framework import
sparse_tensor
from tensorflow.python.framework import tensor_shape
from
tensorflow.python.framework import tensor_spec
from tensorflow.python.framework import
tensor_util
from tensorflow.python.framework import type_spec
from
tensorflow.python.keras import backend as K
from tensorflow.python.keras import losses
from tensorflow.python.keras import metrics as metrics_module
from
tensorflow.python.keras import optimizers
from tensorflow.python.keras.distribute import
distributed_training_utils
from tensorflow.python.keras.engine import data_adapter
from
tensorflow.python.keras.engine import network
from tensorflow.python.keras.engine import
training_arrays
from tensorflow.python.keras.engine import training_distributed
from
tensorflow.python.keras.engine import training_eager
from tensorflow.python.keras.engine
import training_generator
from tensorflow.python.keras.engine import training_utils
from
tensorflow.python.keras.engine import training_v2
from tensorflow.python.keras.engine
import training_v2_utils
from tensorflow.python.keras.mixed_precision.experimental import
loss_scale_optimizer
from tensorflow.python.keras.optimizer_v2 import optimizer_v2
from
tensorflow.python.keras.saving.saved_model import model_serialization
from
tensorflow.python.keras.utils import data_utils
from tensorflow.python.keras.utils import
losses_utils
from tensorflow.python.keras.utils.mode_keys import ModeKeys
from
tensorflow.python.ops import array_ops
from tensorflow.python.ops import math_ops
from
tensorflow.python.ops.losses import util as tf_losses_utils
from tensorflow.python.platform
import tf_logging as logging
from tensorflow.python.training.tracking import base as
trackable
from tensorflow.python.training.tracking import layer_utils as trackable_layer_utils
from tensorflow.python.util import nest
from tensorflow.python.util import tf_inspect
from
tensorflow.python.util.tf_export import keras_export
from tensorflow.python.util.compat
import collections_abc

try:
from scipy.sparse import issparse # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
except
ImportError:
issparse = None

_keras_api_gauge = monitoring.BoolGauge('/tensorflow/api/keras',
'keras api usage',
'method')

@keras_export('keras.models.Model', 'keras.Model')
class Model(network.Network):
""" Model groups layers into an object with training and inference features.
There are two
ways to instantiate a Model :
1 - With the "functional API", where you start from Input ,
you
chain layer calls to specify the model's forward pass,
and finally you create your model from
inputs and outputs:
import tensorflow as tf

inputs = tf.keras.Input(shape=(3,))

x = tf.keras.layers.Dense(4, activation=tf.nn.relu)(inputs)

outputs = tf.keras.layers.Dense(5, activation=tf.nn.softmax)(x)

model = tf.keras.Model(inputs=inputs, outputs=outputs)

2 - By subclassing the Model class: in that case, you should define your
layers in __init__
and you should implement the model's forward pass
in call .

import tensorflow as tf

class MyModel(tf.keras.Model):

def __init__(self):

super(MyModel, self).__init__()

self.dense1 = tf.keras.layers.Dense(4, activation=tf.nn.relu)

self.dense2 = tf.keras.layers.Dense(5, activation=tf.nn.softmax)

def call(self, inputs):

x = self.dense1(inputs)

return self.dense2(x)

model = MyModel()

If you subclass Model , you can optionally have


a training argument (boolean) in call ,
which you can use to specify
a different behavior in training and inference:

import tensorflow as tf

class MyModel(tf.keras.Model):

def __init__(self):

super(MyModel, self).__init__()

self.dense1 = tf.keras.layers.Dense(4, activation=tf.nn.relu)

self.dense2 = tf.keras.layers.Dense(5, activation=tf.nn.softmax)

self.dropout = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.5)

def call(self, inputs, training=False):

x = self.dense1(inputs)

if training:

x = self.dropout(x, training=training)

return self.dense2(x)

model = MyModel()

"""

def init(self, *args, **kwargs):


super(Model, self).init(*args, **kwargs)
_keras_api_gauge.get_cell('model').set(True)
# initializing _distribution_strategy here since it
is possible to call
# predict on a model without compiling it.
self._distribution_strategy =
None
self._compile_time_distribution_strategy = None

# This flag is used to track if the user is using the deprecated path of

# passing distribution strategy to compile rather than creating the model

# under distribution strategy scope.

self._compile_distribution = False

self._run_eagerly = None

self._experimental_run_tf_function = False

def get_weights(self):
"""Retrieves the weights of the model.
Returns:
A flat list of Numpy
arrays.
"""
strategy = (self._distribution_strategy or
self._compile_time_distribution_strategy)
if strategy:
with strategy.scope():
return super(Model, self).get_weights()
return super(Model,
self).get_weights()

def load_weights(self, filepath, by_name=False):


"""Loads all layer weights, either from a
TensorFlow or an HDF5 file."""
if
distributed_training_utils.is_tpu_strategy(self._distribution_strategy):
if
(self._distribution_strategy.extended.steps_per_run > 1 and
(not
network._is_hdf5_filepath(filepath))): # pylint: disable=protected-access
raise
ValueError('Load weights is not yet supported with TPUStrategy '
'with steps_per_run greater
than 1.')
return super(Model, self).load_weights(filepath, by_name)
@trackable.no_automatic_dependency_tracking
def compile(self,
optimizer='rmsprop',
loss=None,
metrics=None,
loss_weights=None,
sample_weight_mode=None,
weighted_metrics=None,
target_tensors=None,
distribute=None,
**kwargs):
"""Configures the
model for training.
Arguments:
optimizer: String (name of optimizer) or optimizer instance.
See tf.keras.optimizers .
loss: String (name of objective function), objective function or
tf.losses.Loss instance. See tf.losses . If the model has
multiple outputs, you can use a
different loss on each output by
passing a dictionary or a list of losses. The loss value that
will
be minimized by the model will then be the sum of all individual
losses.
metrics: List of
metrics to be evaluated by the model during training
and testing. Typically you will use
metrics=['accuracy'] .
To specify different metrics for different outputs of a
multi-output
model, you could also pass a dictionary, such as
metrics={'output_a': 'accuracy',
'output_b': ['accuracy', 'mse']} .
You can also pass a list (len = len(outputs)) of lists of
metrics
such as metrics=[['accuracy'], ['accuracy', 'mse']] or
metrics=
['accuracy', ['accuracy', 'mse']] .
loss_weights: Optional list or dictionary specifying
scalar
coefficients (Python floats) to weight the loss contributions
of different model
outputs.
The loss value that will be minimized by the model
will then be the weighted sum of
all individual losses,
weighted by the loss_weights coefficients.
If a list, it is expected to
have a 1:1 mapping
to the model's outputs. If a tensor, it is expected to map
output names
(strings) to scalar coefficients.
sample_weight_mode: If you need to do timestep-wise
sample weighting (2D weights), set this to "temporal" .
None defaults to sample-wise
weights (1D).
If the model has multiple outputs, you can use a different
sample_weight_mode on each output by passing a
dictionary or a list of modes.
weighted_metrics: List of metrics to be evaluated and weighted
by sample_weight or
class_weight during training and testing.
target_tensors: By default, Keras will create
placeholders for the
model's target, which will be fed with the target data during
training. If
instead you would like to use your own
target tensors (in turn, Keras will not expect external
Numpy data for these targets at training time), you
can specify them via the
target_tensors argument. It can be
a single tensor (for a single-output model), a list of
tensors,
or a dict mapping output names to target tensors.
distribute: NOT SUPPORTED IN TF
2.0, please create and compile the
model under distribution strategy scope instead of
passing it to
compile.
**kwargs: Any additional arguments.
Raises:
ValueError: In case of
invalid arguments for
optimizer , loss , metrics or sample_weight_mode .
"""
self._run_eagerly = kwargs.pop('run_eagerly', None)
self._experimental_run_tf_function =
kwargs.pop(
'experimental_run_tf_function', True)

self._set_optimizer(optimizer)

is_any_optimizer_v1 = any(isinstance(opt, optimizers.Optimizer)

for opt in nest.flatten(self.optimizer))

if ((sample_weight_mode is not None)

or (target_tensors is not None)

or (weighted_metrics is not None)

or is_any_optimizer_v1

or not ops.executing_eagerly_outside_functions()):

# Fallback out of things that aren't supported with v2 loops

self._experimental_run_tf_function = False

self._compile_time_distribution_strategy = (

distribution_strategy_context.get_strategy())

if distribute is not None:

if tf2.enabled() or self._experimental_run_tf_function:

raise ValueError(

'Distribute argument in compile is not available in TF 2.0 please '

'create the model under the distribution strategy scope.')

logging.warning('Distribute argument in compile is deprecated please '

'create the model under the distribution strategy scope.')

self._distribution_strategy = distribute

self._compile_distribution = True

else:

if distribution_strategy_context.has_strategy():

# When the user builds the model in the DS scope and cross replica

# context we want distribution strategy to be set but when building the

# replica copies of the models internally we should not be compiling

# with distribution strategy and use the default compilation path.

if distribution_strategy_context.in_cross_replica_context():

self._distribution_strategy = (

distribution_strategy_context.get_strategy())

if not self._experimental_run_tf_function:

self._validate_compile_param_for_distribution_strategy(self.run_eagerly,

sample_weight_mode,

target_tensors,

weighted_metrics)

# We've disabled automatic dependency tracking for this method, but do want

# to add a checkpoint dependency on the optimizer if it's trackable.

if isinstance(self.optimizer, trackable.Trackable):

self._track_trackable(

self.optimizer, name='optimizer', overwrite=True)

self.loss = loss or {}

self.loss_weights = loss_weights

self.sample_weight_mode = sample_weight_mode

self._compile_metrics = metrics or []

self._compile_weighted_metrics = weighted_metrics

if self.run_eagerly and target_tensors is not None:

raise ValueError(

'target_tensors argument is not supported when '

'running a model eagerly.')

# _training_endpoints contains a list of _TrainingEndpoint object, which has

# all the model output/target/loss and related metadata.

self._training_endpoints = []

# Used to freeze the behavior of the Model once `compile` has been called.

self._compiled_trainable_state = self._get_trainable_state()

# Set tf.distribute.Strategy specific parameters.

self._distributed_model_cache = {}

self._distributed_function_cache = {}

# Clear any `_eager_losses` that was added.

self._clear_losses()

if (not context.executing_eagerly() and

self._distribution_strategy is not None):

# Ensures a Session is created and configured correctly for Distribution

# Strategy.

K.configure_and_create_distributed_session(self._distribution_strategy)

# Initialize model metric attributes.

self._init_metric_attributes()

if not self.built or not self.inputs or not self.outputs:

# Model is not compilable because it does not know its number of inputs

# and outputs, nor their shapes and names. We will compile after the first

# time the model gets called on training data.

return

self._is_compiled = True

_keras_api_gauge.get_cell('compile').set(True)

# Prepare list of loss functions, same size of model outputs.

self.loss_functions = training_utils.prepare_loss_functions(

self.loss, self.output_names)

target_tensors = self._process_target_tensor_for_compile(target_tensors)

for o, n, l, t in zip(self.outputs, self.output_names,

self.loss_functions, target_tensors):

endpoint = _TrainingEndpoint(o, n, l)

endpoint.create_training_target(t, run_eagerly=self.run_eagerly)

self._training_endpoints.append(endpoint)

# Prepare list loss weights, same size of model outputs.

training_utils.prepare_loss_weights(self._training_endpoints, loss_weights)

# Initialization for Eager mode execution.

if self.run_eagerly:

self._compile_eagerly(metrics, weighted_metrics, sample_weight_mode)

return

with K.get_graph().as_default():

# Save all metric attributes per output of the model.

self._cache_output_metric_attributes(metrics, weighted_metrics)

# Set metric attributes on model.

self._set_metric_attributes()

# Invoke metric functions (unweighted) for all the outputs.

self._handle_metrics(

self.outputs,

targets=self._targets,

skip_target_masks=self._prepare_skip_target_masks(),

masks=self._prepare_output_masks())

# Prepare sample weight modes. List with the same length as model outputs.

training_utils.prepare_sample_weight_modes(

self._training_endpoints, sample_weight_mode)

# Creates the model loss and weighted metrics sub-graphs.

self._compile_weights_loss_and_weighted_metrics()

# Functions for train, test and predict will

# be compiled lazily when required.

# This saves time when the user is not using all functions.

self._function_kwargs = kwargs

self.train_function = None

self.test_function = None

self.predict_function = None

# Collected trainable weights, sorted in topological order.

self._collected_trainable_weights = self.trainable_weights

# Validate all variables were correctly created in distribution scope.

if self._distribution_strategy and not self._compile_distribution:

for v in self.variables:

strategy = self._distribution_strategy

if not strategy.extended.variable_created_in_scope(v):

raise ValueError(

'Variable (%s) was not created in the distribution strategy '

'scope of (%s). It is most likely due to not all layers or '

'the model or optimizer being created outside the distribution '

'strategy scope. Try to make sure your code looks similar '

'to the following.\n'

'with strategy.scope():\n'

' model=_create_model()\n'

' model.compile(...)'% (v, strategy))

@trackable.no_automatic_dependency_tracking
def
_init_distributed_function_cache_if_not_compiled(self):
if not hasattr(self,
'_distributed_function_cache'):
self._distributed_function_cache = {}

@property
def metrics(self):
"""Returns the model's metrics added using compile ,
add_metric APIs."""
metrics = []
if self._is_compiled:
metrics +=
self._compile_metric_functions
metrics.extend(self._metrics)
metrics.extend(_get_metrics_from_layers(self._layers))
return metrics

@property
def metrics_names(self):
"""Returns the model's display labels for all outputs."""

# This property includes all output names including `loss` and per-output

# losses for backward compatibility.

metrics_names = ['loss']

if self._is_compiled:

# Add output loss metric names to the metric names list.

if len(self._training_endpoints) > 1:

metrics_names.extend([

e.loss_name()

for e in self._training_endpoints

if not e.should_skip_target()

])

# Add all metric names.

metrics_names += [m.name for m in self.metrics]

return metrics_names

@property
def run_eagerly(self):
"""Settable attribute indicating whether the model should run
eagerly.
Running eagerly means that your model will be run step by step,
like Python code.
Your model might run slower, but it should become easier
for you to debug it by stepping into
individual layer calls.
By default, we will attempt to compile your model to a static graph to
deliver the best execution performance.
Returns:
Boolean, whether the model should run
eagerly.
"""
if self._run_eagerly is True and not context.executing_eagerly():
raise
ValueError('You can only set run_eagerly=True if eager execution '
'is enabled.')
if not
self.dynamic:
if self._run_eagerly is None:
# Respect
tf.config.experimental_run_functions_eagerly unless
# run_eagerly was explicitly
passed to compile .
return def_function.RUN_FUNCTIONS_EAGERLY
else:
return
self._run_eagerly
else:
if not context.executing_eagerly():
raise ValueError('Your model
contains layers that can only be '
'successfully run in eager execution (layers '
'constructed
with dynamic=True ). '
'You must enable eager execution with '
' tf.enable_eager_execution() .')
if self._run_eagerly is False:
# TODO(fchollet): consider
using py_func to enable this.
raise ValueError('Your model contains layers that can only be '
'successfully run in eager execution (layers '
'constructed with dynamic=True ). '
'You cannot
set run_eagerly=False .')
return context.executing_eagerly()

@run_eagerly.setter
def run_eagerly(self, value):
self._run_eagerly = value

def _select_training_loop(self, inputs):


"""Select training loop for fit/eval/predict based on the
inputs."""
# TODO(kaftan) or TODO(scottzhu): This check should eventually be nicely
#
integrated into the data adapters in the v2 loop. We can't do this yet
# because we currently
have to fall back for unhandled data types.
if isinstance(inputs, (iterator_ops.Iterator,
iterator_ops.IteratorV2)):
raise ValueError('For performance reasons Keras fit , evaluate
and'
' predict accept tf.data Datasets as input but not '
'iterators that have been manually
generated from '
'Datasets by users. Please directly pass in the '
'original Dataset object
instead of passing in '
' iter(dataset) .')

# Experiment training loop with default DS path.

if (context.executing_eagerly()

and self._experimental_run_tf_function

and not distributed_training_utils.is_tpu_strategy(

self._distribution_strategy)):

try:

valid_adapter = data_adapter.select_data_adapter(inputs, None)

except ValueError as data_failure_exception:

valid_adapter = None

logging.warning('Falling back from v2 loop because of error: '

'%s' % data_failure_exception)

if valid_adapter:

if multi_worker_util.in_multi_worker_mode():

return training_distributed.DistributionMultiWorkerTrainingLoop(

training_v2.Loop())

else:

return training_v2.Loop()

# Case 1: distribution strategy.

if self._distribution_strategy:

if multi_worker_util.in_multi_worker_mode():

return training_distributed.DistributionMultiWorkerTrainingLoop(

training_distributed.DistributionSingleWorkerTrainingLoop())

else:

return training_distributed.DistributionSingleWorkerTrainingLoop()

# Case 2: generator-like. Input is Python generator, or Sequence object,

# or a non-distributed Dataset or iterator in eager execution.

if data_utils.is_generator_or_sequence(inputs):

return training_generator.GeneratorOrSequenceTrainingLoop()

if training_utils.is_eager_dataset_or_iterator(inputs):

return training_generator.EagerDatasetOrIteratorTrainingLoop()

# Case 3: Symbolic tensors or Numpy array-like.

# This includes Datasets and iterators in graph mode (since they

# generate symbolic tensors).

if self.run_eagerly:

return training_generator.GeneratorLikeTrainingLoop()

else:

return training_arrays.ArrayLikeTrainingLoop()

def fit(self,
x=None,
y=None,
batch_size=None,
epochs=1,
verbose=1,
callbacks=None,
validation_split=0.,
validation_data=None,
shuffle=True,
class_weight=None,
sample_weight=None,
initial_epoch=0,
steps_per_epoch=None,
validation_steps=None,
validation_freq=1,
max_queue_size=10,
workers=1,
use_multiprocessing=False,
**kwargs):
"""Trains the model for a fixed number of epochs (iterations on a dataset).
Arguments:
x:
Input data. It could be:
- A Numpy array (or array-like), or a list of arrays
(in case the model
has multiple inputs).
- A TensorFlow tensor, or a list of tensors
(in case the model has
multiple inputs).
- A dict mapping input names to the corresponding array/tensors,
if the
model has named inputs.
- A tf.data dataset. Should return a tuple
of either (inputs,
targets) or
(inputs, targets, sample_weights) .
- A generator or
keras.utils.Sequence returning (inputs, targets)
or (inputs, targets, sample
weights) .
y: Target data. Like the input data x ,
it could be either Numpy array(s) or
TensorFlow tensor(s).
It should be consistent with x (you cannot have Numpy inputs and
tensor targets, or inversely). If x is a dataset, generator,
or keras.utils.Sequence
instance, y should
not be specified (since targets will be obtained from x ).
batch_size:
Integer or None .
Number of samples per gradient update.
If unspecified, batch_size will
default to 32.
Do not specify the batch_size if your data is in the
form of symbolic tensors,
datasets,
generators, or keras.utils.Sequence instances (since they generate
batches).
epochs: Integer. Number of epochs to train the model.
An epoch is an iteration over the entire
x and y
data provided.
Note that in conjunction with initial_epoch ,
epochs is to be
understood as "final epoch".
The model is not trained for a number of iterations
given by
epochs , but merely until the epoch
of index epochs is reached.
verbose: 0, 1, or 2. Verbosity
mode.
0 = silent, 1 = progress bar, 2 = one line per epoch.
Note that the progress bar is not
particularly useful when
logged to a file, so verbose=2 is recommended when not running
interactively (eg, in a production environment).
callbacks: List of
keras.callbacks.Callback instances.
List of callbacks to apply during training.
See
tf.keras.callbacks .
validation_split: Float between 0 and 1.
Fraction of the training data to
be used as validation data.
The model will set apart this fraction of the training data,
will not
train on it, and will evaluate
the loss and any model metrics
on this data at the end of each
epoch.
The validation data is selected from the last samples
in the x and y data provided,
before shuffling. This argument is
not supported when x is a dataset, generator or
keras.utils.Sequence instance.
validation_data: Data on which to evaluate
the loss and
any model metrics at the end of each epoch.
The model will not be trained on this data.
validation_data will override validation_split .
validation_data could be:
- tuple
(x_val, y_val) of Numpy arrays or tensors
- tuple (x_val, y_val,
val_sample_weights) of Numpy arrays
- dataset
For the first two cases, batch_size must
be provided.
For the last case, validation_steps must be provided.
shuffle: Boolean
(whether to shuffle the training data
before each epoch) or str (for 'batch').
'batch' is a special
option for dealing with the
limitations of HDF5 data; it shuffles in batch-sized chunks.
Has no
effect when steps_per_epoch is not None .
class_weight: Optional dictionary mapping
class indices (integers)
to a weight (float) value, used for weighting the loss function
(during
training only).
This can be useful to tell the model to
"pay more attention" to samples from
an
under-represented class.
sample_weight: Optional Numpy array of weights for
the training
samples, used for weighting the loss function
(during training only). You can either pass a
flat (1D)
Numpy array with the same length as the input samples
(1:1 mapping between
weights and samples),
or in the case of temporal data,
you can pass a 2D array with shape
(samples, sequence_length) ,
to apply a different weight to every timestep of every
sample.
In this case you should make sure to specify
sample_weight_mode="temporal" in
compile() . This argument is not
supported when x is a dataset, generator, or
keras.utils.Sequence instance, instead provide the sample_weights
as the third element
of x .
initial_epoch: Integer.
Epoch at which to start training
(useful for resuming a previous
training run).
steps_per_epoch: Integer or None .
Total number of steps (batches of samples)
before declaring one epoch finished and starting the
next epoch. When training with input
tensors such as
TensorFlow data tensors, the default None is equal to
the number of
samples in your dataset divided by
the batch size, or 1 if that cannot be determined. If x is a
tf.data dataset, and 'steps_per_epoch'
is None, the epoch will run until the input dataset is
exhausted.
This argument is not supported with array inputs.
validation_steps: Only relevant
if validation_data is provided and
is a tf.data dataset. Total number of steps (batches
of
samples) to draw before stopping when performing validation
at the end of every epoch. If
validation_data is a tf.data dataset
and 'validation_steps' is None, validation
will run until
the validation_data dataset is exhausted.
validation_freq: Only relevant if validation data
is provided. Integer
or collections_abc.Container instance (e.g. list, tuple, etc.).
If an
integer, specifies how many training epochs to run before a
new validation run is performed,
e.g. validation_freq=2 runs
validation every 2 epochs. If a Container, specifies the epochs
on
which to run validation, e.g. validation_freq=[1, 2, 10] runs
validation at the end of
the 1st, 2nd, and 10th epochs.
max_queue_size: Integer. Used for generator or
keras.utils.Sequence
input only. Maximum size for the generator queue.
If unspecified,
max_queue_size will default to 10.
workers: Integer. Used for generator or
keras.utils.Sequence input
only. Maximum number of processes to spin up
when using
process-based threading. If unspecified, workers
will default to 1. If 0, will execute the
generator on the main
thread.
use_multiprocessing: Boolean. Used for generator or
keras.utils.Sequence input only. If True , use process-based
threading. If unspecified,
use_multiprocessing will default to
False . Note that because this implementation relies
on
multiprocessing, you should not pass non-picklable arguments to
the generator as they
can't be passed easily to children processes.
**kwargs: Used for backwards compatibility.
Returns:
A History object. Its History.history attribute is
a record of training loss values
and metrics values
at successive epochs, as well as validation loss values
and validation
metrics values (if applicable).
Raises:
RuntimeError: If the model was never compiled.
ValueError: In case of mismatch between the provided input data
and what the model
expects.
"""
_keras_api_gauge.get_cell('fit').set(True)
# Legacy support
if 'nb_epoch' in
kwargs:
logging.warning(
'The nb_epoch argument in fit has been renamed epochs .')
epochs = kwargs.pop('nb_epoch')
if kwargs:
raise TypeError('Unrecognized keyword
arguments: ' + str(kwargs))
self._assert_compile_was_called()
self._check_call_args('fit')

func = self._select_training_loop(x)

return func.fit(

self,

x=x,

y=y,

batch_size=batch_size,

epochs=epochs,

verbose=verbose,

callbacks=callbacks,

validation_split=validation_split,

validation_data=validation_data,

shuffle=shuffle,

class_weight=class_weight,

sample_weight=sample_weight,

initial_epoch=initial_epoch,

steps_per_epoch=steps_per_epoch,

validation_steps=validation_steps,

validation_freq=validation_freq,

max_queue_size=max_queue_size,

workers=workers,

use_multiprocessing=use_multiprocessing)

def evaluate(self,
x=None,
y=None,
batch_size=None,
verbose=1,
sample_weight=None,
steps=None,
callbacks=None,
max_queue_size=10,
workers=1,
use_multiprocessing=False):
"""Returns the loss value & metrics values for the model in test mode.
Computation is done in
batches.
Arguments:
x: Input data. It could be:
- A Numpy array (or array-like), or a list of
arrays
(in case the model has multiple inputs).
- A TensorFlow tensor, or a list of tensors
(in
case the model has multiple inputs).
- A dict mapping input names to the corresponding
array/tensors,
if the model has named inputs.
- A tf.data dataset.
- A generator or
keras.utils.Sequence instance.
y: Target data. Like the input data x ,
it could be either
Numpy array(s) or TensorFlow tensor(s).
It should be consistent with x (you cannot have
Numpy inputs and
tensor targets, or inversely).
If x is a dataset, generator or
keras.utils.Sequence instance, y should not be specified (since
targets will be obtained
from the iterator/dataset).
batch_size: Integer or None .
Number of samples per gradient
update.
If unspecified, batch_size will default to 32.
Do not specify the batch_size is your
data is in the
form of symbolic tensors, dataset,
generators, or keras.utils.Sequence
instances (since they generate
batches).
verbose: 0 or 1. Verbosity mode.
0 = silent, 1 =
progress bar.
sample_weight: Optional Numpy array of weights for
the test samples, used for
weighting the loss function.
You can either pass a flat (1D)
Numpy array with the same length
as the input samples
(1:1 mapping between weights and samples),
or in the case of temporal
data,
you can pass a 2D array with shape
(samples, sequence_length) ,
to apply a different
weight to every timestep of every sample.
In this case you should make sure to specify
sample_weight_mode="temporal" in compile() . This argument is not
supported when x
is a dataset, instead pass
sample weights as the third element of x .
steps: Integer or None .
Total number of steps (batches of samples)
before declaring the evaluation round finished.
Ignored with the default value of None .
If x is a tf.data dataset and steps is
None,
'evaluate' will run until the dataset is exhausted.
This argument is not supported with array
inputs.
callbacks: List of keras.callbacks.Callback instances.
List of callbacks to apply
during evaluation.
See callbacks.
max_queue_size: Integer. Used for generator or
keras.utils.Sequence
input only. Maximum size for the generator queue.
If unspecified,
max_queue_size will default to 10.
workers: Integer. Used for generator or
keras.utils.Sequence input
only. Maximum number of processes to spin up when using
process-based threading. If unspecified, workers will default
to 1. If 0, will execute the
generator on the main thread.
use_multiprocessing: Boolean. Used for generator or
keras.utils.Sequence input only. If True , use process-based
threading. If unspecified,
use_multiprocessing will default to
False . Note that because this implementation relies
on
multiprocessing, you should not pass non-picklable arguments to
the generator as they
can't be passed easily to children processes.
Returns:
Scalar test loss (if the model has a
single output and no metrics)
or list of scalars (if the model has multiple outputs
and/or
metrics). The attribute model.metrics_names will give you
the display labels for the scalar
outputs.
Raises:
ValueError: in case of invalid arguments.
"""
_keras_api_gauge.get_cell('evaluate').set(True)
self._assert_compile_was_called()
self._check_call_args('evaluate')
func = self._select_training_loop(x)

return func.evaluate(

self,

x=x,

y=y,

batch_size=batch_size,

verbose=verbose,

sample_weight=sample_weight,

steps=steps,

callbacks=callbacks,

max_queue_size=max_queue_size,

workers=workers,

use_multiprocessing=use_multiprocessing)

def predict(self,
x,
batch_size=None,
verbose=0,
steps=None,
callbacks=None,
max_queue_size=10,
workers=1,
use_multiprocessing=False):
"""Generates output
predictions for the input samples.
Computation is done in batches.
Arguments:
x: Input
samples. It could be:
- A Numpy array (or array-like), or a list of arrays
(in case the model has
multiple inputs).
- A TensorFlow tensor, or a list of tensors
(in case the model has multiple
inputs).
- A tf.data dataset.
- A generator or keras.utils.Sequence instance.
batch_size:
Integer or None .
Number of samples per gradient update.
If unspecified, batch_size will
default to 32.
Do not specify the batch_size is your data is in the
form of symbolic tensors,
dataset,
generators, or keras.utils.Sequence instances (since they generate
batches).
verbose: Verbosity mode, 0 or 1.
steps: Total number of steps (batches of samples)
before
declaring the prediction round finished.
Ignored with the default value of None . If x is a
tf.data
dataset and steps is None, predict will
run until the input dataset is exhausted.
callbacks: List of keras.callbacks.Callback instances.
List of callbacks to apply during
prediction.
See callbacks.
max_queue_size: Integer. Used for generator or
keras.utils.Sequence
input only. Maximum size for the generator queue.
If unspecified,
max_queue_size will default to 10.
workers: Integer. Used for generator or
keras.utils.Sequence input
only. Maximum number of processes to spin up when using
process-based threading. If unspecified, workers will default
to 1. If 0, will execute the
generator on the main thread.
use_multiprocessing: Boolean. Used for generator or
keras.utils.Sequence input only. If True , use process-based
threading. If unspecified,
use_multiprocessing will default to
False . Note that because this implementation relies
on
multiprocessing, you should not pass non-picklable arguments to
the generator as they
can't be passed easily to children processes.
Returns:
Numpy array(s) of predictions.
Raises:
ValueError: In case of mismatch between the provided
input data and the model's
expectations,
or in case a stateful model receives a number of samples
that is not a multiple
of the batch size.
"""
_keras_api_gauge.get_cell('predict').set(True)
self._check_call_args('predict')

func = self._select_training_loop(x)

return func.predict(

self,

x=x,

batch_size=batch_size,

verbose=verbose,

steps=steps,

callbacks=callbacks,

max_queue_size=max_queue_size,

workers=workers,

use_multiprocessing=use_multiprocessing)

def reset_metrics(self):
"""Resets the state of metrics."""
metrics =
self._get_training_eval_metrics()
for m in metrics:
m.reset_states()

# Reset metrics on all the distributed (cloned) models.

if self._distribution_strategy:

distributed_training_utils._reset_metrics(self) # pylint:
disable=protected-access

def train_on_batch(self,
x,
y=None,
sample_weight=None,
class_weight=None,
reset_metrics=True):
"""Runs a single gradient update on a single batch of data.
Arguments:
x: Input data. It could be:
- A Numpy array (or array-like), or a list of arrays
(in case the model
has multiple inputs).
- A TensorFlow tensor, or a list of tensors
(in case the model has
multiple inputs).
- A dict mapping input names to the corresponding array/tensors,
if the
model has named inputs.
- A tf.data dataset.
y: Target data. Like the input data x , it could
be either Numpy
array(s) or TensorFlow tensor(s). It should be consistent with x
(you
cannot have Numpy inputs and tensor targets, or inversely). If
x is a dataset, y should not
be specified
(since targets will be obtained from the iterator).
sample_weight: Optional array
of the same length as x, containing
weights to apply to the model's loss for each sample. In
the case of
temporal data, you can pass a 2D array with shape (samples,
sequence_length),
to apply a different weight to every timestep of
every sample. In this case you should make
sure to specify
sample_weight_mode="temporal" in compile(). This argument is not
supported when x is a dataset.
class_weight: Optional dictionary mapping class indices
(integers) to a
weight (float) to apply to the model's loss for the samples from this
class
during training. This can be useful to tell the model to "pay
more attention" to samples from
an under-represented class.
reset_metrics: If True , the metrics returned will be only for this
batch. If False , the metrics will be statefully accumulated across
batches.
Returns:
Scalar
training loss
(if the model has a single output and no metrics)
or list of scalars (if the model
has multiple outputs
and/or metrics). The attribute model.metrics_names will give you
the
display labels for the scalar outputs.
Raises:
ValueError: In case of invalid user-provided
arguments.
"""
self._assert_compile_was_called()
self._check_call_args('train_on_batch')
if
self._experimental_run_tf_function:
outputs = training_v2_utils.train_on_batch(
self, x, y=y,
sample_weight=sample_weight,
class_weight=class_weight, reset_metrics=reset_metrics)
outputs = (outputs['total_loss'] + outputs['output_losses'] +
outputs['metrics'])
outputs = [
training_v2_utils._non_none_constant_value(v) for v in outputs] # pylint: disable=protected-
access
if len(outputs) == 1:
outputs = outputs[0]
return outputs
# If at this point we are in the replica context, then it is okay to execute

# the Eager code path. The expected way to get here is to call `fit` that

# calls `train_on_batch` on each replica.

if (self._distribution_strategy and

distribution_strategy_context.in_cross_replica_context()):

raise NotImplementedError('`train_on_batch` is not supported for models '

'distributed with tf.distribute.Strategy.')

# Validate and standardize user data.

x, y, sample_weights = self._standardize_user_data(

x, y, sample_weight=sample_weight, class_weight=class_weight,

extract_tensors_from_dataset=True)

# If `self._distribution_strategy` is True, then we are in a replica context

# at this point because of the check above. `train_on_batch` is being run

# for each replica by `self._distribution_strategy` and the same code path

# as Eager is expected to be taken.

if self.run_eagerly or self._distribution_strategy:

output_dict = training_eager.train_on_batch(

self,

x,

y,

sample_weights=sample_weights,

output_loss_metrics=self._output_loss_metrics)

outputs = (output_dict['total_loss'] + output_dict['output_losses']

+ output_dict['metrics'])

outputs = [

training_v2_utils._non_none_constant_value(v) for v in outputs] #


pylint: disable=protected-access

else:

x = training_utils.ModelInputs(x).as_list()

ins = x + (y or []) + (sample_weights or [])

if not isinstance(K.symbolic_learning_phase(), int):

ins += [True] # Add learning phase value.

self._update_sample_weight_modes(sample_weights=sample_weights)

self._make_train_function()

outputs = self.train_function(ins) # pylint: disable=not-callable

if reset_metrics:

self.reset_metrics()

if len(outputs) == 1:

return outputs[0]

return outputs

def test_on_batch(self, x, y=None, sample_weight=None, reset_metrics=True):


"""Test the
model on a single batch of samples.
Arguments:
x: Input data. It could be:
- A Numpy array
(or array-like), or a list of arrays
(in case the model has multiple inputs).
- A TensorFlow
tensor, or a list of tensors
(in case the model has multiple inputs).
- A dict mapping input
names to the corresponding array/tensors,
if the model has named inputs.
- A tf.data
dataset.
y: Target data. Like the input data x ,
it could be either Numpy array(s) or
TensorFlow tensor(s).
It should be consistent with x (you cannot have Numpy inputs and
tensor targets, or inversely). If x is a dataset y should
not be specified (since targets will
be obtained from the iterator).
sample_weight: Optional array of the same length as x,
containing
weights to apply to the model's loss for each sample.
In the case of temporal
data, you can pass a 2D array
with shape (samples, sequence_length),
to apply a different
weight to every timestep of every sample.
In this case you should make sure to specify
sample_weight_mode="temporal" in compile(). This argument is not
supported when x is a
dataset.
reset_metrics: If True , the metrics returned will be only for this
batch. If False , the
metrics will be statefully accumulated across
batches.
Returns:
Scalar test loss (if the model
has a single output and no metrics)
or list of scalars (if the model has multiple outputs
and/or metrics). The attribute model.metrics_names will give you
the display labels for the
scalar outputs.
Raises:
ValueError: In case of invalid user-provided arguments.
"""
self._assert_compile_was_called()
self._check_call_args('test_on_batch')
if
self._experimental_run_tf_function:
outputs = training_v2_utils.test_on_batch(
self, x, y=y,
sample_weight=sample_weight,
reset_metrics=reset_metrics)
outputs = (outputs['total_loss']
+ outputs['output_losses'] +
outputs['metrics'])
outputs = [
training_v2_utils._non_none_constant_value(v) for v in outputs] # pylint: disable=protected-
access
if len(outputs) == 1:
outputs = outputs[0]
return outputs

if (self._distribution_strategy and

distribution_strategy_context.in_cross_replica_context()):

raise NotImplementedError('`test_on_batch` is not supported for models '

'distributed with tf.distribute.Strategy.')

# Validate and standardize user data.

x, y, sample_weights = self._standardize_user_data(

x, y, sample_weight=sample_weight, extract_tensors_from_dataset=True)

# If `self._distribution_strategy` is True, then we are in a replica context

# at this point.

if self.run_eagerly or self._distribution_strategy:

output_dict = training_eager.test_on_batch(

self,

x,

y,

sample_weights=sample_weights,

output_loss_metrics=self._output_loss_metrics)

outputs = (output_dict['total_loss'] + output_dict['output_losses']

+ output_dict['metrics'])

outputs = [

training_v2_utils._non_none_constant_value(v) for v in outputs] #


pylint: disable=protected-access

else:

x = training_utils.ModelInputs(x).as_list()

inputs = x + (y or []) + (sample_weights or [])

self._update_sample_weight_modes(sample_weights=sample_weights)

self._make_test_function()

outputs = self.test_function(inputs) # pylint: disable=not-callable

if reset_metrics:

self.reset_metrics()

if len(outputs) == 1:

return outputs[0]

return outputs

def predict_on_batch(self, x):


"""Returns predictions for a single batch of samples.
Arguments:
x: Input data. It could be:
- A Numpy array (or array-like), or a list of arrays
(in
case the model has multiple inputs).
- A TensorFlow tensor, or a list of tensors
(in case the
model has multiple inputs).
- A tf.data dataset.
Returns:
Numpy array(s) of predictions.
Raises:
ValueError: In case of mismatch between given number of inputs and
expectations of
the model.
"""
self._check_call_args('predict_on_batch')
if self._experimental_run_tf_function:
return training_v2_utils.predict_on_batch(self, x)

if (self._distribution_strategy and

distribution_strategy_context.in_cross_replica_context()):

raise NotImplementedError(

'`predict_on_batch` is not supported for models distributed with'

' tf.distribute.Strategy.')

# Validate and standardize user data.

inputs, _, _ = self._standardize_user_data(

x, extract_tensors_from_dataset=True)

# If `self._distribution_strategy` is True, then we are in a replica context

# at this point.

if self.run_eagerly or self._distribution_strategy:

inputs = training_utils.cast_if_floating_dtype(inputs)

if isinstance(inputs, collections_abc.Sequence):

# Unwrap lists with only one input, as we do when training on batch

if len(inputs) == 1:

inputs = inputs[0]

return self(inputs) # pylint: disable=not-callable

self._make_predict_function()

outputs = self.predict_function(inputs)

if len(outputs) == 1:

return outputs[0]

return outputs

def fit_generator(self,
generator,
steps_per_epoch=None,
epochs=1,
verbose=1,
callbacks=None,
validation_data=None,
validation_steps=None,
validation_freq=1,
class_weight=None,
max_queue_size=10,
workers=1,
use_multiprocessing=False,
shuffle=True,
initial_epoch=0):
"""Fits the model on data yielded batch-by-batch by a Python
generator.
The generator is run in parallel to the model, for efficiency.
For instance, this allows
you to do real-time data augmentation
on images on CPU in parallel to training your model on
GPU.
The use of keras.utils.Sequence guarantees the ordering
and guarantees the single
use of every input per epoch when
using use_multiprocessing=True .
Arguments:
generator: A generator or an instance of Sequence
( keras.utils.Sequence )
object in order
to avoid duplicate data
when using multiprocessing.
The output of the generator must be
either
- a tuple (inputs, targets)
- a tuple (inputs, targets, sample_weights) .
This
tuple (a single output of the generator) makes a single batch.
Therefore, all arrays in this
tuple must have the same length (equal
to the size of this batch). Different batches may have
different
sizes.
For example, the last batch of the epoch is commonly smaller than
the
others,
if the size of the dataset is not divisible by the batch
size.
The generator is expected to loop
over its data
indefinitely. An epoch finishes when steps_per_epoch
batches have been seen
by the model.
steps_per_epoch: Total number of steps (batches of samples)
to yield from
generator before declaring one epoch
finished and starting the next epoch. It should
typically
be equal to the number of samples of your dataset
divided by the batch size.
Optional for Sequence : if unspecified, will use
the len(generator) as a number of steps.
epochs: Integer, total number of iterations on the data.
verbose: Verbosity mode, 0, 1, or 2.
callbacks: List of callbacks to be called during training.
validation_data: This can be either
- a
generator for the validation data
- a tuple (inputs, targets)
- a tuple (inputs, targets,
sample_weights).
validation_steps: Only relevant if validation_data
is a generator. Total
number of steps (batches of samples)
to yield from generator before stopping.
Optional
for Sequence : if unspecified, will use
the len(validation_data) as a number of steps.
validation_freq: Only relevant if validation data is provided. Integer
or
collections_abc.Container instance (e.g. list, tuple, etc.).
If an integer, specifies how
many training epochs to run before a
new validation run is performed, e.g.
validation_freq=2 runs
validation every 2 epochs. If a Container, specifies the epochs on
which to run validation, e.g. validation_freq=[1, 2, 10] runs
validation at the end of the
1st, 2nd, and 10th epochs.
class_weight: Dictionary mapping class indices to a weight
for the
class.
max_queue_size: Integer. Maximum size for the generator queue.
If unspecified,
max_queue_size will default to 10.
workers: Integer. Maximum number of processes to spin
up
when using process-based threading.
If unspecified, workers will default to 1. If 0, will
execute the generator on the main thread.
use_multiprocessing: Boolean.
If True , use
process-based threading.
If unspecified, use_multiprocessing will default to False .
Note
that because this implementation relies on multiprocessing,
you should not pass non-
picklable arguments to the generator
as they can't be passed easily to children processes.
shuffle: Boolean. Whether to shuffle the order of the batches at
the beginning of each epoch.
Only used with instances
of Sequence ( keras.utils.Sequence ).
Has no effect when
steps_per_epoch is not None .
initial_epoch: Epoch at which to start training
(useful for
resuming a previous training run)
Returns:
A History object.
Example:
python def
generate_arrays_from_file(path): while 1: f = open(path) for line in f: # create
numpy arrays of input data # and labels, from each line in the file x1, x2, y =
process_line(line) yield ({'input_1': x1, 'input_2': x2}, {'output': y})
f.close() model.fit_generator(generate_arrays_from_file('/my_file.txt'),
steps_per_epoch=10000, epochs=10) Raises:
ValueError: In case the generator yields data
in an invalid format.
"""
if self._distribution_strategy:
raise
NotImplementedError(' fit_generator is not supported for '
'models compiled with
tf.distribute.Strategy.')
_keras_api_gauge.get_cell('fit_generator').set(True)
self._check_call_args('fit_generator')
return training_generator.fit_generator(
self,
generator,
steps_per_epoch=steps_per_epoch,
epochs=epochs,
verbose=verbose,
callbacks=callbacks,
validation_data=validation_data,
validation_steps=validation_steps,
validation_freq=validation_freq,
class_weight=class_weight,
max_queue_size=max_queue_size,
workers=workers,
use_multiprocessing=use_multiprocessing,
shuffle=shuffle,
initial_epoch=initial_epoch,
steps_name='steps_per_epoch')

def evaluate_generator(self,
generator,
steps=None,
callbacks=None,
max_queue_size=10,
workers=1,
use_multiprocessing=False,
verbose=0):
"""Evaluates the model on a data
generator.
The generator should return the same kind of data
as accepted by
test_on_batch .
Arguments:
generator: Generator yielding tuples (inputs, targets)
or (inputs,
targets, sample_weights)
or an instance of keras.utils.Sequence
object in order to avoid
duplicate data
when using multiprocessing.
steps: Total number of steps (batches of
samples)
to yield from generator before stopping.
Optional for Sequence : if unspecified,
will use
the len(generator) as a number of steps.
callbacks: List of
keras.callbacks.Callback instances.
List of callbacks to apply during evaluation.
See
callbacks.
max_queue_size: maximum size for the generator queue
workers: Integer.
Maximum number of processes to spin up
when using process-based threading.
If
unspecified, workers will default to 1. If 0, will
execute the generator on the main thread.
use_multiprocessing: Boolean.
If True , use process-based threading.
If unspecified,
use_multiprocessing will default to False .
Note that because this implementation relies
on multiprocessing,
you should not pass non-picklable arguments to the generator
as they
can't be passed easily to children processes.
verbose: Verbosity mode, 0 or 1.
Returns:
Scalar
test loss (if the model has a single output and no metrics)
or list of scalars (if the model has
multiple outputs
and/or metrics). The attribute model.metrics_names will give you
the
display labels for the scalar outputs.
Raises:
ValueError: in case of invalid arguments.
Raises:
ValueError: In case the generator yields data in an invalid format.
"""
if
self._distribution_strategy:
raise NotImplementedError(' evaluate_generator is not
supported for '
'models compiled with tf.distribute.Strategy.')
_keras_api_gauge.get_cell('evaluate_generator').set(True)
self._check_call_args('evaluate_generator')

return training_generator.evaluate_generator(

self,

generator,

steps=steps,

max_queue_size=max_queue_size,

workers=workers,

use_multiprocessing=use_multiprocessing,

verbose=verbose,

callbacks=callbacks)

def predict_generator(self,
generator,
steps=None,
callbacks=None,
max_queue_size=10,
workers=1,
use_multiprocessing=False,
verbose=0):
"""Generates predictions for the input
samples from a data generator.
The generator should return the same kind of data as
accepted by
predict_on_batch .
Arguments:
generator: Generator yielding batches of input
samples
or an instance of keras.utils.Sequence object in order to
avoid duplicate data
when using multiprocessing.
steps: Total number of steps (batches of samples)
to yield from
generator before stopping.
Optional for Sequence : if unspecified, will use
the
len(generator) as a number of steps.
callbacks: List of keras.callbacks.Callback
instances.
List of callbacks to apply during prediction.
See callbacks.
max_queue_size:
Maximum size for the generator queue.
workers: Integer. Maximum number of processes to
spin up
when using process-based threading.
If unspecified, workers will default to 1. If 0,
will
execute the generator on the main thread.
use_multiprocessing: Boolean.
If True , use
process-based threading.
If unspecified, use_multiprocessing will default to False .
Note
that because this implementation relies on multiprocessing,
you should not pass non-
picklable arguments to the generator
as they can't be passed easily to children processes.
verbose: verbosity mode, 0 or 1.
Returns:
Numpy array(s) of predictions.
Raises:
ValueError:
In case the generator yields data in an invalid format.
"""
if self._distribution_strategy:
raise
NotImplementedError(' predict_generator is not supported for '
'models compiled with
tf.distribute.Strategy.')
_keras_api_gauge.get_cell('predict_generator').set(True)
return
training_generator.predict_generator(
self,
generator,
steps=steps,
max_queue_size=max_queue_size,
workers=workers,
use_multiprocessing=use_multiprocessing,
verbose=verbose,
callbacks=callbacks)

def _check_call_args(self, method_name):


"""Check that call has only one positional arg."""
# Always allow first arg, regardless of arg name.
fullargspec =
tf_inspect.getfullargspec(self.call)
if fullargspec.defaults:
positional_args =
fullargspec.args[:-len(fullargspec.defaults)]
else:
positional_args = fullargspec.args
if
'training' in positional_args:
positional_args.remove('training')

# self and first arg can be positional.

if len(positional_args) > 2:

extra_args = positional_args[2:]

raise ValueError(

'Models passed to `' + method_name + '` can only have `training` '

'and the first argument in `call` as positional arguments, '

'found: ' + str(extra_args) + '.')

def _set_optimizer(self, optimizer):


"""Sets self.optimizer.
Sets self.optimizer to optimizer ,
potentially wrapping it with a
LossScaleOptimizer.
Args:
optimizer: The optimizer(s) to assign
to self.optimizer.
"""
if isinstance(optimizer, (list, tuple)):
self.optimizer = [optimizers.get(opt)
for opt in optimizer]
else:
self.optimizer = optimizers.get(optimizer)

if (self._dtype_policy.loss_scale is not None and

not isinstance(self.optimizer,

loss_scale_optimizer.LossScaleOptimizer)):

if isinstance(self.optimizer, list):

raise ValueError('When a dtype policy with a loss scale is used, you '

'can only pass a single optimizer. Using policy %s '

'and got optimizers: %s' %

self._dtype_policy, self.optimizer)

if not isinstance(self.optimizer, optimizer_v2.OptimizerV2):

raise ValueError('"optimizer" must be an instance of '

'tf.keras.optimizers.Optimizer when a dype policy '

'with a loss scale used, but got: %s. Using policy: '

'%s' %

(self.optimizer, self._dtype_policy))

self.optimizer = loss_scale_optimizer.LossScaleOptimizer(

self.optimizer, self._dtype_policy.loss_scale)

if (isinstance(self.optimizer, loss_scale_optimizer.LossScaleOptimizer) and

self._dtype_policy.loss_scale and

self.optimizer.loss_scale != self._dtype_policy.loss_scale):

logging.warning('LossScale of LossScaleOptimizer passed to compile (%s) '

'is not the same as the dtype policy\'s loss scale (%s). '

'Because the dtype policy has a loss scale, you should '

'pass an optimizer that is not wrapped with a '

'LossScaleOptimizer,'

% (self.optimizer.loss_scale,

self._dtype_policy.loss_scale))

def _prepare_validation_data(self, validation_data, batch_size,


validation_steps):
"""Unpack
and check the validation data."""
val_x, val_y, val_sample_weights =
training_utils.unpack_validation_data(
validation_data)
return self._standardize_user_data(
val_x,
val_y,
sample_weight=val_sample_weights,
batch_size=batch_size,
steps=validation_steps,
steps_name='validation_steps')

def _validate_compile_param_for_distribution_strategy(
self, run_eagerly,
sample_weight_mode, target_tensors, weighted_metrics):
# Validate that arguments passed
by the user to compile are supported by
# tf.distribute.Strategy.
if
self._distribution_strategy:
if sample_weight_mode:
raise
NotImplementedError('sample_weight_mode is not supported with '
'tf.distribute.Strategy.')
if
weighted_metrics:
raise NotImplementedError('weighted_metrics is not supported with '
'tf.distribute.Strategy.')
if target_tensors:
raise ValueError('target_tensors is not supported
with '
'tf.distribute.Strategy.')
if run_eagerly:

raise ValueError(

'We currently do not support enabling `run_eagerly` with '

'distribution strategy.')

if (distributed_training_utils.is_distributing_by_cloning(self) and

(not self.built or not self.inputs or not self.outputs)):

raise ValueError(

'We currently do not support distribution strategy with a '

'`Sequential` model that is created without `input_shape`/'

'`input_dim` set in its first layer or a subclassed model.')

def _process_target_tensor_for_compile(self, target_tensors):


if self.run_eagerly:
# target
tensor is not supported with run_eagerly. Create a list with None
# as placeholder for each
output.
return [None for _ in self.output_names]

if target_tensors is not None and not (isinstance(target_tensors, list) and

target_tensors == []): # pylint:


disable=g-explicit-bool-comparison

if isinstance(target_tensors, list):

if len(target_tensors) != len(self.outputs):

raise ValueError(

'When passing a list as `target_tensors`, '

'it should have one entry per model output. '

'The model has %s outputs, but you passed target_tensors=%s' %

(len(self.outputs), target_tensors))

elif isinstance(target_tensors, dict):

unexpected_target_tensor_names = set(target_tensors.keys()).difference(

self.output_names)

if unexpected_target_tensor_names:

raise ValueError(

'Unknown entry in `target_tensors` dictionary: "{name}". '

'Only expected the following keys: {keys}'.format(

name=unexpected_target_tensor_names,

keys=str(self.output_names)))

tmp_target_tensors = []

for name in self.output_names:

tmp_target_tensors.append(target_tensors.get(name, None))

target_tensors = tmp_target_tensors

elif tensor_util.is_tensor(target_tensors):

target_tensors = [target_tensors]

else:

raise TypeError('Expected `target_tensors` to be a list or tuple or '

'dict or a single tensor, but got:', target_tensors)

else:

# In case target tensor is empty or None, create a list with Nones

# that has same length as self.output_names. With that, the None check of

# target tensor can be skipped downstream.

target_tensors = [None for _ in self.output_names]

return target_tensors

def _compile_eagerly(self, metrics, weighted_metrics, sample_weight_mode):


# Prepare
sample weight modes. List with the same length as model outputs.
training_utils.prepare_sample_weight_modes(
self._training_endpoints,
sample_weight_mode)
# Prepare sample weights.
self._prepare_sample_weights()
# Save all
metric attributes per output of the model.
self._cache_output_metric_attributes(metrics,
weighted_metrics)
self.total_loss = None
# Set metric attributes on model.
self._set_metric_attributes()

self._collected_trainable_weights = self.trainable_weights

def _update_sample_weight_modes(self, sample_weights=None):


"""Updates sample weight
modes based on training/eval inputs.
Sample weight placeholders will be created for all or no
outputs
based on whether sample_weight is provided for any output.
If model contains
_sample_weight_modes we check if the input
sample_weights corresponds to the sample
weight modes.
1. Set sample weight mode to be 'temporal' for output i, if compile
sample_weight_mode was set to temporal and sample weight inputs
are given for one or
more outputs.
2. Set sample weight mode to be 'samplewise' for output i, if compile
sample_weight_mode was not set and sample weight inputs are given for
one or more
outputs.
3. Reset sample weight mode to None for output i if sample weight mode
was set
but there is no sample weight input.
Args:
sample_weights: List of sample weights of the
same length as model outputs
or None.
"""
if not self._is_compiled:
return
if sample_weights
and any([s is not None for s in sample_weights]):
for endpoint in self._training_endpoints:
endpoint.sample_weight_mode = (
endpoint.sample_weight_mode or 'samplewise')
else:
for
endpoint in self._training_endpoints:
endpoint.sample_weight_mode = None

def _recompile_weights_loss_and_weighted_metrics(self):
if not self._is_compiled:
return
False
recompile = any([e.sample_weights_mismatch()
for e in self._training_endpoints])

if recompile:

self._compile_weights_loss_and_weighted_metrics()

return recompile

@trackable.no_automatic_dependency_tracking
def
_compile_weights_loss_and_weighted_metrics(self, sample_weights=None):
"""Compiles the
model loss and weighted metric sub-graphs.
This may be used to set graph tensors as
sample weights (instead of creating
placeholders). This functionality is necessary for
tf.keras.estimator.model_to_estimator , which calls Keras models in a v1
graph, and
creates iterator tensors for inputs, targets, and sample weights.
Args:
sample_weights: List
of tensors to use as the sample weights. Must be the
same length as the number of outputs.
If left as None , placeholders
are used instead.
"""
with K.get_graph().as_default():
if
sample_weights is not None:
self._update_sample_weight_modes(sample_weights)
self._prepare_sample_weights(sample_weights)
masks = self._prepare_output_masks()

# Compute weighted metrics.

self._handle_metrics(

self.outputs,

targets=self._targets,

skip_target_masks=self._prepare_skip_target_masks(),

sample_weights=self.sample_weights,

masks=masks,

return_weighted_metrics=True)

# Compute total loss.

# Used to keep track of the total loss value (stateless).

# eg., total_loss = loss_weight_1 * output_1_loss_fn(...) +

# loss_weight_2 * output_2_loss_fn(...) +

# layer losses.

self.total_loss = self._prepare_total_loss(masks)

def _prepare_skip_target_masks(self):
"""Boolean mask for whether the target in the output
list should be skipped.
If the loss function corresponding to a model output is None, then this
output will be skipped during total loss calculation and feed targets
preparation.
Returns:
A
boolean list for whether the corresponding target in the output list
should be skipped during
loss calculation.
"""
return [l is None for l in self.loss_functions]

def _prepare_output_masks(self):
"""Returns masks corresponding to model outputs."""
return
[getattr(x, '_keras_mask', None) for x in self.outputs]

def _prepare_total_loss(self, masks):


"""Computes total loss from loss functions.
Arguments:
masks: List of mask values corresponding to each model output.
Returns:
A list of loss
weights of python floats.
Raises:
TypeError: If model run_eagerly is True.
"""
if
self.run_eagerly:
raise TypeError('total loss can not be computed when compiled with '
'run_eagerly = True.')
total_loss = None
with K.name_scope('loss'):
for endpoint, mask in
zip(self._training_endpoints, masks):
if endpoint.should_skip_target():
continue
y_true =
endpoint.training_target.target
y_pred = endpoint.output
loss_fn = endpoint.loss_fn
loss_weight = endpoint.loss_weight
loss_name = endpoint.loss_name()
sample_weight =
endpoint.sample_weight

with K.name_scope(loss_name):

if mask is not None:

mask = math_ops.cast(mask, y_pred.dtype)

# Update weights with mask.

if sample_weight is None:

sample_weight = mask

else:

# Update dimensions of weights to match with mask if possible.

mask, _, sample_weight = (

tf_losses_utils.squeeze_or_expand_dimensions(

mask, sample_weight=sample_weight))

sample_weight *= mask

if hasattr(loss_fn, 'reduction'):

per_sample_losses = loss_fn.call(y_true, y_pred)

weighted_losses = losses_utils.compute_weighted_loss(

per_sample_losses,

sample_weight=sample_weight,

reduction=losses_utils.ReductionV2.NONE)

loss_reduction = loss_fn.reduction

# `AUTO` loss reduction defaults to `SUM_OVER_BATCH_SIZE` for all

# compile use cases.

if loss_reduction == losses_utils.ReductionV2.AUTO:

loss_reduction = losses_utils.ReductionV2.SUM_OVER_BATCH_SIZE

# Compute the stateless loss value.

output_loss = losses_utils.reduce_weighted_loss(

weighted_losses, reduction=loss_reduction)

else:

# Compute the stateless loss value for a custom loss class.

# Here we assume that the class takes care of loss reduction

# because if this class returns a vector value we cannot

# differentiate between use case where a custom optimizer

# expects a vector loss value vs unreduced per-sample loss value.

output_loss = loss_fn(y_true, y_pred, sample_weight=sample_weight)

loss_reduction = losses_utils.ReductionV2.SUM_OVER_BATCH_SIZE

if len(self.outputs) > 1:

# Keep track of stateful result tensor for the loss.

endpoint.output_loss_metric(output_loss)

# Scale output loss for distribution. For custom losses we assume

# reduction was mean.

if loss_reduction == losses_utils.ReductionV2.SUM_OVER_BATCH_SIZE:

output_loss = losses_utils.scale_loss_for_distribution(output_loss)

if total_loss is None:

total_loss = loss_weight * output_loss

else:

total_loss += loss_weight * output_loss

if total_loss is None:

if not self.losses:

raise ValueError('The model cannot be compiled '

'because it has no loss to optimize.')

else:

total_loss = 0.

# Add regularization penalties and other layer-specific losses.

custom_losses = self.get_losses_for(None) + self.get_losses_for(

self.inputs)

if custom_losses:

total_loss += losses_utils.scale_loss_for_distribution(

math_ops.add_n(custom_losses))

return total_loss

def _get_callback_model(self):
"""Returns the Callback Model for this Model."""

if hasattr(self, '_replicated_model') and self._replicated_model:

# When using training_distributed, we set the callback model

# to an instance of the `DistributedModel` that we create in

# the `compile` call. The `DistributedModel` is initialized

# with the first replicated model. We need to set the callback

# model to a DistributedModel to allow us to override saving

# and loading weights when we checkpoint the model during training.

return self._replicated_model

if hasattr(self, 'callback_model') and self.callback_model:

return self.callback_model

return self

@trackable.no_automatic_dependency_tracking
def _make_callback_model(self,
grouped_model):
first_replicated_model = self._distribution_strategy.unwrap(
grouped_model)[0]
# We initialize the callback model with the first replicated model.
self._replicated_model = DistributedCallbackModel(first_replicated_model)
self._replicated_model.set_original_model(self)

def _validate_or_infer_batch_size(self, batch_size, steps, x):


"""Validates that the batch_size
provided is consistent with InputLayer.
It's possible that the user specified a static batch size
in their
InputLayer. If so, this method checks the provided batch_size and x
arguments
are consistent with this static batch size. Also, if
batch_size is None , this method will
attempt to infer the batch size
from the static batch size of the InputLayer. Lastly, ValueError
will be
raised if x is a tf.data.Dataset and batch_size is specified as we
expect users to
provide batched datasets.
Arguments:
batch_size: The batch_size provided as an argument
to
fit/evaluate/predict.
steps: The steps provided as an argument to fit/evaluate/predict.
x:
The data passed as x to fit/evaluate/predict.
Returns:
The validated batch_size, auto-
inferred from the first layer if not
provided.
"""
if (isinstance(x, (dataset_ops.DatasetV1,
dataset_ops.DatasetV2,
data_utils.Sequence)) or
tf_inspect.isgenerator(x)):
if batch_size is
not None:
raise ValueError(
'The batch_size argument must not be specified for the given '
'input type. Received input: {}, batch_size: {}'.format(
x, batch_size))
return

layers = super(Model, self).layers # Avoids the override in Sequential.

if layers:

first_layer = layers[0]

# The per-replica static batch size.

static_batch_size = training_utils.get_static_batch_size(first_layer)

if static_batch_size is not None:

# Determine number of times the user-supplied batch size will be split.

if (self._distribution_strategy and

distributed_training_utils.global_batch_size_supported(

self._distribution_strategy)):

num_splits_for_ds = self._distribution_strategy.num_replicas_in_sync

else:

num_splits_for_ds = 1

# Check `batch_size` argument is consistent with InputLayer.

if batch_size is not None:

if batch_size % num_splits_for_ds != 0:

raise ValueError('The `batch_size` argument value {} cannot be '

'divisible by number of replicas {}'.format(

batch_size, num_splits_for_ds))

per_replica_batch_size = batch_size // num_splits_for_ds

if per_replica_batch_size != static_batch_size:

raise ValueError('The `batch_size` argument value {} is '

'incompatible with the specified batch size of '

'your Input Layer: {}'.format(

per_replica_batch_size, static_batch_size))

# Check Dataset/Iterator batch size is consistent with InputLayer.

if isinstance(x, (dataset_ops.DatasetV2, iterator_ops.Iterator,

iterator_ops.IteratorV2)):

ds_batch_size = tensor_shape.as_dimension(

nest.flatten(dataset_ops.get_legacy_output_shapes(x))[0][0]).value

if ds_batch_size is not None:

if ds_batch_size % num_splits_for_ds != 0:

raise ValueError(

'The batch output shape of your `Dataset` {} '

'cannot be divisible by number of replicas {}'.format(

ds_batch_size, num_splits_for_ds))

ds_per_replica_batch_size = ds_batch_size // num_splits_for_ds

if ds_per_replica_batch_size != static_batch_size:

raise ValueError('The batch output shape of your `Dataset` is '

'{}, which is incompatible with the specified '

'batch size of your Input Layer: {}'.format(

ds_per_replica_batch_size,

static_batch_size))

# Set inferred batch size from the InputLayer.

if steps is None:

batch_size = static_batch_size * num_splits_for_ds

if batch_size is None and steps is None:

# Backwards compatibility

batch_size = 32

return batch_size

def _prepare_sample_weights(self, sample_weights=None):


"""Sets sample weight attribute
on the model."""
# List with the same length as model outputs.
if sample_weights is not None:
if len(sample_weights) != len(self._training_endpoints):
raise ValueError('Provided sample
weights must have same length as the '
'number of outputs. Expected: {}, got: {}.'.format(
len(self._training_endpoints),
len(sample_weights)))
else:
sample_weights = [None] *
len(self._training_endpoints)
for endpoint, weight in zip(self._training_endpoints,
sample_weights):
endpoint.populate_sample_weight(weight, endpoint.sample_weight_mode)
def _cache_output_metric_attributes(self, metrics, weighted_metrics):
"""Caches metric name
and function attributes for every model output."""
output_shapes = []
for output in
self.outputs:
if output is None or output.shape.rank is None:
output_shapes.append(None)
else:
output_shapes.append(output.shape.as_list())
self._per_output_metrics =
training_utils.collect_per_output_metric_info(
metrics, self.output_names, output_shapes,
self.loss_functions)
self._per_output_weighted_metrics = (
training_utils.collect_per_output_metric_info(
weighted_metrics,
self.output_names,
output_shapes,
self.loss_functions,
is_weighted=True))

def add_unique_metric_name(self, metric_name, output_index):


"""Makes the metric name
unique and adds it to the model's metric name list.
If there are multiple outputs for which the
metrics are calculated, the
metric names have to be made unique by appending an integer.
Arguments:
metric_name: Metric name that corresponds to the metric specified by the
user. For
example: 'acc'.
output_index: The index of the model output for which the metric name is
being
added.
Returns:
string, name of the model's unique metric name
"""
if len(self.output_names) >
1:
metric_name = '%s%s' % (self.output_names[output_index], metric_name)
j = 1
base_metric_name = metric_name
while metric_name in self.metrics_names:
metric_name =
'%s_%d' % (base_metric_name, j)
j += 1

return metric_name

def _init_metric_attributes(self):
"""Initialized model metric attributes."""
# List of stateful
metric functions. Used for resetting metric state during
# training/eval.
self._compile_metric_functions = []

def _set_per_output_metric_attributes(self, metrics_dict, output_index):


"""Sets the metric
attributes on the model for the given output.
Arguments:
metrics_dict: A dict with metric
names as keys and metric fns as values.
output_index: The index of the model output for
which the metric
attributes are added.
Returns:
Metrics dict updated with unique metric
names as keys.
"""
updated_metrics_dict = collections.OrderedDict()
for metric_name,
metric_fn in metrics_dict.items():
metric_name =
self._add_unique_metric_name(metric_name, output_index)

# Update the name on the metric class to be the unique generated name.

metric_fn._name = metric_name # pylint: disable=protected-access

updated_metrics_dict[metric_name] = metric_fn

# Keep track of metric name and function.

self._compile_metric_functions.append(metric_fn)

return updated_metrics_dict

def _set_metric_attributes(self):
"""Sets the metric attributes on the model for all the model
outputs."""
updated_per_output_metrics = []
updated_per_output_weighted_metrics = []
for i,
endpoint in enumerate(self._training_endpoints):
if endpoint.should_skip_target():
updated_per_output_metrics.append(self._per_output_metrics[i])
updated_per_output_weighted_metrics.append(
self._per_output_weighted_metrics[i])
continue
updated_per_output_metrics.append(
self._set_per_output_metric_attributes(self._per_output_metrics[i],
i))
updated_per_output_weighted_metrics.append(
self._set_per_output_metric_attributes(
self._per_output_weighted_metrics[i], i))

# Create a metric wrapper for each output loss. This computes mean of an

# output loss across mini-batches (irrespective of how we reduce within a

# batch).

if len(self._training_endpoints) > 1:

for endpoint in self._training_endpoints:

if not endpoint.should_skip_target():

endpoint.output_loss_metric = metrics_module.Mean(

name=endpoint.loss_name())

self._per_output_metrics = updated_per_output_metrics

self._per_output_weighted_metrics = updated_per_output_weighted_metrics

def _handle_per_output_metrics(self,
metrics_dict,
y_true,
y_pred,
mask,
weights=None):
"""Calls metric functions for a single output.
Arguments:
metrics_dict: A dict with metric
names as keys and metric fns as values.
y_true: Target output.
y_pred: Predicted output.
mask: Computed mask value for the current output.
weights: Weights to be applied on the
current output.
Returns:
A list of metric result tensors.
"""
metric_results = []
for metric_name,
metric_fn in metrics_dict.items():
with K.name_scope(metric_name):
metric_result =
training_utils.call_metric_function(
metric_fn, y_true, y_pred, weights=weights, mask=mask)
metric_results.append(metric_result)
return metric_results
def _handle_metrics(self,
outputs,
targets=None,
skip_target_masks=None,
sample_weights=None,
masks=None,
return_weighted_metrics=False,
return_weighted_and_unweighted_metrics=False):
"""Handles calling metric functions.
Arguments:
outputs: List of outputs (predictions).
targets: List of targets.
skip_target_masks:
Optional. List of boolean for whether the corresponding
target should be ignored or not.
sample_weights: Optional list of sample weight arrays.
masks: List of computed output mask
values.
return_weighted_metrics: Flag that indicates whether weighted metrics
should be
computed instead of unweighted metrics. This flag is ignored
when
return_weighted_and_unweighted_metrics is enabled.
return_weighted_and_unweighted_metrics: Flag that is used to indicate
whether both
weighted and unweighted metrics should be computed. When
this is not enabled, we use
return_weighted_metrics param to indicate
whether weighted or unweighted metrics
should be returned.
Returns:
A list of metric result tensors.
"""
# TODO(scottzhu): Update this
to use the new training_endpoints. Currently
# the eager and graph logic is bit different.
skip_target_masks = skip_target_masks or [False] * len(outputs)
metric_results = []
with
K.name_scope('metrics'):
# Invoke all metrics added using compile .
for i in
range(len(outputs)):
if skip_target_masks[i]:
continue
output = outputs[i] if outputs else None
target = targets[i] if targets else None
output_mask = masks[i] if masks else None

if (return_weighted_and_unweighted_metrics or

not return_weighted_metrics):

metric_results.extend(

self._handle_per_output_metrics(self._per_output_metrics[i],

target, output, output_mask))

if return_weighted_and_unweighted_metrics or return_weighted_metrics:

metric_results.extend(

self._handle_per_output_metrics(

self._per_output_weighted_metrics[i],

target,

output,

output_mask,

weights=sample_weights[i] if sample_weights else None))

return metric_results

def _check_trainable_weights_consistency(self):
"""Check trainable weights count
consistency.
This will raise a warning if trainable_weights and
_collected_trainable_weights are inconsistent (i.e. have different
number of
parameters).
Inconsistency will typically arise when one modifies model.trainable
without
calling model.compile again.
"""
if not hasattr(self, '_collected_trainable_weights'):
return

if len(self.trainable_weights) != len(self._collected_trainable_weights):

logging.log_first_n(

logging.WARN, 'Discrepancy between trainable weights and collected'

' trainable weights, did you set `model.trainable`'

' without calling `model.compile` after ?', 1)

def _make_train_function(self):
has_recompiled =
self._recompile_weights_loss_and_weighted_metrics()
self._check_trainable_weights_consistency()
if isinstance(self.optimizer, list):
raise
ValueError('The optimizer in compile should be a single '
'optimizer.')
# If we have re-
compiled the loss/weighted metric sub-graphs then create
# train function even if one exists
already. This is because
# _feed_sample_weights list has been updated on re-copmpile.
if
getattr(self, 'train_function', None) is None or has_recompiled:
# Restore the compiled
trainable state.
current_trainable_state = self._get_trainable_state()
self._set_trainable_state(self._compiled_trainable_state)

inputs = (self._feed_inputs +

self._feed_targets +

self._feed_sample_weights)

if not isinstance(K.symbolic_learning_phase(), int):

inputs += [K.symbolic_learning_phase()]

with K.get_graph().as_default():

with K.name_scope('training'):

# Training updates

updates = self.optimizer.get_updates(

params=self._collected_trainable_weights, loss=self.total_loss)

# Unconditional updates

updates += self.get_updates_for(None)

# Conditional updates relevant to this model

updates += self.get_updates_for(self.inputs)

metrics = self._get_training_eval_metrics()

metrics_tensors = [

m._call_result for m in metrics if hasattr(m, '_call_result') #


pylint: disable=protected-access

with K.name_scope('training'):

# Gets loss and metrics. Updates weights at each call.

fn = K.function(

inputs, [self.total_loss] + metrics_tensors,

updates=updates,

name='train_function',

**self._function_kwargs)

setattr(self, 'train_function', fn)

# Restore the current trainable state

self._set_trainable_state(current_trainable_state)

def _make_test_function(self):
has_recompiled =
self._recompile_weights_loss_and_weighted_metrics()
# If we have re-compiled the
loss/weighted metric sub-graphs then create
# test function even if one exists already. This
is because
# _feed_sample_weights list has been updated on re-copmpile.
if getattr(self,
'test_function', None) is None or has_recompiled:
inputs = (self._feed_inputs +
self._feed_targets +
self._feed_sample_weights)

with K.get_graph().as_default():

metrics = self._get_training_eval_metrics()

metrics_tensors = [

m._call_result for m in metrics if hasattr(m, '_call_result') #


pylint: disable=protected-access

with K.name_scope('evaluation'):

updates = self.state_updates

# Return loss and metrics, no gradient updates.

# Does update the network states.

fn = K.function(

inputs, [self.total_loss] + metrics_tensors,

updates=updates,

name='test_function',

**self._function_kwargs)

setattr(self, 'test_function', fn)

def _make_predict_function(self):
if not hasattr(self, 'predict_function'):
self.predict_function
= None
if self.predict_function is None:
inputs = self._feed_inputs
# Gets network outputs.
Does not update weights.
# Does update the network states.
kwargs = getattr(self,
'_function_kwargs', {})
with K.name_scope(ModeKeys.PREDICT):
self.predict_function =
K.function(
inputs,
self.outputs,
updates=self.state_updates,
name='predict_function',
**kwargs)

def _make_execution_function(self, mode):


if mode == ModeKeys.TRAIN:
self._make_train_function()
return self.train_function
if mode == ModeKeys.TEST:
self._make_test_function()
return self.test_function
if mode == ModeKeys.PREDICT:
self._make_predict_function()
return self.predict_function
def _distribution_standardize_user_data(self,
x,
y=None,
sample_weight=None,
class_weight=None,
batch_size=None,
validation_split=0,
shuffle=False,
epochs=1,
allow_partial_batch=False):
"""Runs validation checks on input and target data passed by the
user.
This is called when using tf.distribute.Strategy to train, evaluate or serve
the model.
Args:
x: Input data. A numpy array or tf.data dataset.
y: Target data. A numpy array or
None if x is a tf.data dataset.
sample_weight: An optional sample-weight array passed by
the user to
weight the importance of each sample in x .
class_weight: An optional class-
weight array by the user to
weight the importance of samples in x based on the class they
belong
to, as conveyed by y .
batch_size: Integer batch size. If provided, it is used to run
additional
validation checks on stateful models.
validation_split: Float between 0 and 1.
Fraction of the training data to be used as validation data.
shuffle: Boolean whether to shuffle
the training data before each epoch.
epochs: Integer epochs. If > 1, repeat the numpy training
data epochs
times when converting to training dataset.
allow_partial_batch: Boolean whether
to enforce that all batches have the
same size.
Returns:
Dataset instance.
Raises:
ValueError:
In case of invalid user-provided data.
RuntimeError: If the model was never compiled.
"""
if
class_weight:
raise NotImplementedError(' class_weight is currently not supported '
'when
using tf.distribute.Strategy.')

if (sample_weight is not None and sample_weight.all() and

distributed_training_utils.is_tpu_strategy(

self._distribution_strategy)):

raise NotImplementedError('`sample_weight` is currently not supported '

'when using TPUStrategy.')

if (self.stateful and distributed_training_utils.is_tpu_strategy(

self._distribution_strategy) and self._distribution_strategy.

num_replicas_in_sync != 1):

raise ValueError('Single core must be used for computation on '

'stateful models. Consider adding `device_assignment` '

'parameter to TPUStrategy using\n'

'topology = tf.contrib.distribute.'

'initialize_tpu_system()\n'

'device_assignment = tf.contrib.tpu.DeviceAssignment('

'topology, core_assignment=tf.contrib.tpu.'

'SINGLE_CORE_ASSIGNMENT)\n'

'tpu_strategy = tf.contrib.distribute.TPUStrategy('

'device_assignment=device_assignment)')

# Validates `steps` and `shuffle` arguments right at the beginning

# since we use it to construct the dataset object.

# TODO(anjalisridhar): Remove this check once we refactor the

# _standardize_user_data code path. This check is already present elsewhere

# in the codebase.

if isinstance(x, dataset_ops.DatasetV2):

if shuffle:

training_utils.verify_dataset_shuffled(x)

strategy = self._distribution_strategy

with strategy.scope():

# We should be sure to call get_session() inside the strategy.scope()

# so the strategy can affect the session options.

if ops.executing_eagerly_outside_functions():

session = None

else:

session = K.get_session()

first_x_value = nest.flatten(x)[0]

if isinstance(first_x_value, np.ndarray):

x = training_utils.list_to_tuple(x)

if y is not None:

y = training_utils.list_to_tuple(y)

if sample_weight is not None:

sample_weight = training_utils.list_to_tuple(sample_weight)

in_tuple = (x, y, sample_weight)

else:

in_tuple = (x, y)

else:

in_tuple = x

ds = strategy.extended.experimental_make_numpy_dataset(in_tuple,

session=session)

if shuffle:

# We want a buffer size that is larger than the batch size provided by

# the user and provides sufficient randomness. Note that larger

# numbers introduce more memory usage based on the size of each

# sample.

ds = ds.shuffle(max(1024, batch_size * 8))

if epochs > 1:

ds = ds.repeat(epochs)

# We need to use the drop_remainder argument to get a known static

# input shape which is required for TPUs.

drop_remainder = (not allow_partial_batch and

strategy.extended.experimental_require_static_shapes)

# TODO(b/131720208): We still drop remainder here if number of examples

# is divisible by batch size, as sometimes dynamic padder will time out

# with keras.metrics.CategoricalAccuracy() metric.

if distributed_training_utils.is_tpu_strategy(

strategy) and not drop_remainder:

dataset_size = first_x_value.shape[0]

if dataset_size % batch_size == 0:

drop_remainder = True

x = ds.batch(batch_size, drop_remainder=drop_remainder)

else:

assert isinstance(x, dataset_ops.DatasetV2)

training_utils.validate_dataset_input(x, y, sample_weight,

validation_split)

return x

def _standardize_user_data(self,
x,
y=None,
sample_weight=None,
class_weight=None,
batch_size=None,
check_steps=False,
steps_name='steps',
steps=None,
validation_split=0,
shuffle=False,
extract_tensors_from_dataset=False):
"""Runs validation checks on input and
target data passed by the user.
Also standardizes the data to lists of arrays, in order.
Also
builds and compiles the model on the fly if it is a subclassed model
that has never been
called before (and thus has no inputs/outputs).
This is a purely internal method, subject to
refactoring at any time.
Args:
x: Input data. It could be:
- A Numpy array (or array-like), or a list
of arrays
(in case the model has multiple inputs).
- A TensorFlow tensor, or a list of tensors
(in case the model has multiple inputs).
- A dict mapping input names to the corresponding
array/tensors,
if the model has named inputs.
- A tf.data dataset.
y: Target data. Like the
input data x ,
it could be either Numpy array(s) or TensorFlow tensor(s).
It should be
consistent with x (you cannot have Numpy inputs and
tensor targets, or inversely). If x is a
dataset, y should not be
specified (since targets will be obtained from the iterator).
sample_weight: An optional sample-weight array passed by the user to
weight the
importance of each sample in x .
class_weight: An optional class-weight array by the user to
weight the importance of samples in x based on the class they belong
to, as conveyed by
y . If both sample_weight and class_weight are
provided, the weights are multiplied.
batch_size: Integer batch size. If provided, it is used to run additional
validation checks on
stateful models.
check_steps: boolean, True if we want to check for validity of steps and
False, otherwise. For example, when we are standardizing one batch of
data for
train_on_batch/predict_on_batch/test_on_batch APIs, steps
value is not required and we
should not check for its validity in these
cases.
steps_name: The public API's parameter
name for steps .
steps: Integer or None . Total number of steps (batches of samples) to
execute.
validation_split: Float between 0 and 1.
Fraction of the training data to be used as
validation data.
shuffle: Boolean whether to shuffle the training data before each epoch.
extract_tensors_from_dataset: Boolean. When x is a dataset instance,
this indicates
whether to extract actual tensors from the dataset or
instead output the dataset instance
itself.
Set to True when calling from train_on_batch /etc.
Returns:
A tuple of 3: inputs
(arrays or dicts, depending on whether x was a dict
or not), target arrays, sample-weight
arrays.
If the model's input and targets are symbolic, these lists are empty
(since the model
takes no user-provided data, instead the data comes
from the symbolic inputs/targets).
Raises:
ValueError: In case of invalid user-provided data.
RuntimeError: If the model was
never compiled.
"""
if isinstance(x, (dataset_ops.DatasetV1, dataset_ops.DatasetV2)):
#
Graph mode dataset. We'll pass the dataset as-is (unless
# extract_tensors_from_dataset
is True, in which case we extract
# the tensors from the dataset and we output them.
training_utils.validate_dataset_input(x, y, sample_weight,
validation_split)
if shuffle:
training_utils.verify_dataset_shuffled(x)

is_dataset = True

if extract_tensors_from_dataset:

# We do this for `train_on_batch`/etc.

x, y, sample_weight = training_utils.extract_tensors_from_dataset(x)

elif isinstance(x, iterator_ops.Iterator):

# Graph mode iterator. We extract the symbolic tensors.

training_utils.validate_dataset_input(x, y, sample_weight,

validation_split)

iterator = x

x, y, sample_weight = training_utils.unpack_iterator_input(iterator)

is_dataset = True

else:

is_dataset = False

# Validates `steps` argument based on x's type.

if check_steps:

training_utils.check_steps_argument(x, steps, steps_name)

# First, we build the model on the fly if necessary.

if not self.inputs:

all_inputs, y_input, dict_inputs = self._build_model_with_inputs(x, y)

is_build_called = True

else:

all_inputs = []

# Whether this is a subclassed model that expects dictionary inputs

# rather than list inputs (e.g. FeatureColumn-based models).

dict_inputs = isinstance(self.inputs, dict)

is_build_called = False

y_input = y

# Second, we compile the model on the fly if necessary, mostly for subclass

# models.

is_compile_called = False

if not self._is_compiled and self.optimizer:

self._compile_from_inputs(all_inputs, y_input, x, y)

is_compile_called = True

# In graph mode, if we had just set inputs and targets as symbolic tensors

# by invoking build and compile on the model respectively, we do not have to

# feed anything to the model. Model already has input and target data as

# part of the graph.

# Note: in this case, `any` and `all` are equivalent since we disallow

# mixed symbolic/value inputs.

if (not self.run_eagerly and is_build_called and is_compile_called and

not is_dataset and any(_is_symbolic_tensor(v) for v in all_inputs)):

return [], [], None

# What follows is input validation and standardization to list format,

# in the case where all inputs are value arrays.

if self.run_eagerly:

# In eager mode, do not do shape validation

# since the network has no input nodes (placeholders) to be fed.

feed_input_names = self.input_names

feed_input_shapes = None

elif not self._is_graph_network:

# Case: symbolic-mode subclassed network. Do not do shape validation.

feed_input_names = self._feed_input_names

feed_input_shapes = None

else:

# Case: symbolic-mode graph network.

# In this case, we run extensive shape validation checks.

feed_input_names = self._feed_input_names

feed_input_shapes = self._feed_input_shapes

# Standardize the inputs.

if not isinstance(x, (dataset_ops.DatasetV1, dataset_ops.DatasetV2)):

# TODO(fchollet): run static checks with dataset output shape(s).

x = training_utils.standardize_input_data(

x,

feed_input_names,

feed_input_shapes,

check_batch_axis=False, # Don't enforce the batch size.

exception_prefix='input')

# Get typespecs for the input data and sanitize it if necessary.

# TODO(momernick): This should be capable of doing full input validation

# at all times - validate that this is so and refactor the standardization

# code.

if isinstance(x, dataset_ops.DatasetV2):

x_shapes = dataset_ops.get_structure(x)

if isinstance(x_shapes, tuple):

# If the output of a Dataset is a tuple, we assume it's either of the

# form (x_data, y_data) or (x_data, y_data, sample_weights). In either

# case, we only care about x_data here.

x_shapes = x_shapes[0]

else:

flat_inputs = nest.flatten(x, expand_composites=False)

flat_expected_inputs = nest.flatten(self.inputs, expand_composites=False)

converted_x = []

for (a, b) in zip(flat_inputs, flat_expected_inputs):

converted_x.append(_convert_scipy_sparse_tensor(a, b))

x = nest.pack_sequence_as(x, converted_x, expand_composites=False)

x_shapes = nest.map_structure(type_spec.type_spec_from_value, x)

flat_inputs = nest.flatten(x_shapes, expand_composites=False)

flat_expected_inputs = nest.flatten(self.inputs, expand_composites=False)

for (a, b) in zip(flat_inputs, flat_expected_inputs):

nest.assert_same_structure(a, b, expand_composites=True)

if y is not None:

# Prepare self._sample_weight_modes. List with the same length as

# model outputs.

training_utils.prepare_sample_weight_modes(self._training_endpoints,

self.sample_weight_mode)

feed_output_names = self._feed_output_names

feed_sample_weight_modes = self._sample_weight_modes

if not self._is_graph_network:

feed_output_shapes = None

else:

feed_output_shapes = self._feed_output_shapes

# Standardize the outputs.

y = training_utils.standardize_input_data(

y,

feed_output_names,

# Don't enforce target shapes to match output shapes.

# Precise checks will be run in `check_loss_and_target_compatibility`.

shapes=None,

check_batch_axis=False, # Don't enforce the batch size.

exception_prefix='target')

# Generate sample-wise weight values given the `sample_weight` and

# `class_weight` arguments.

sample_weights = training_utils.standardize_sample_weights(

sample_weight, feed_output_names)

class_weights = training_utils.standardize_class_weights(

class_weight, feed_output_names)

sample_weights = [

training_utils.standardize_weights(ref, sw, cw, mode)

for (ref, sw, cw, mode) in zip(y, sample_weights, class_weights,

feed_sample_weight_modes)

# Check that all arrays have the same length.

if not self._distribution_strategy:

training_utils.check_array_lengths(x, y, sample_weights)

if self._is_graph_network and not self.run_eagerly:

# Additional checks to avoid users mistakenly using improper loss fns.

training_utils.check_loss_and_target_compatibility(

y, self._feed_loss_fns, feed_output_shapes)

# If sample weight mode has not been set and weights are None for all the

# model outputs, return None (we do not create placeholders for

# sample weights) so we do not want to feed any value.

is_sample_weight_mode_set = any(

s is not None for s in feed_sample_weight_modes)

if (not is_sample_weight_mode_set and

all(s is None for s in sample_weights)):

sample_weights = None # If the list contains only None, return None

else:

y = []

sample_weights = None

if self.stateful and batch_size and not is_dataset:

# Check that for stateful networks, number of samples is a multiple

# of the static batch size.

if x[0].shape[0] % batch_size != 0:

raise ValueError('In a stateful network, '

'you should only pass inputs with '

'a number of samples that can be '

'divided by the batch size. Found: ' +

str(x[0].shape[0]) + ' samples')

# If dictionary inputs were provided, we return a dictionary as well.

if dict_inputs and not isinstance(x, (dataset_ops.DatasetV1,

dataset_ops.DatasetV2)):

x = dict(zip(feed_input_names, x))

return x, y, sample_weights

def _build_model_with_inputs(self, inputs, targets):


"""Build the model (set model
inputs/outputs), mainly for subclass model."""
processed_inputs = []
is_dict_inputs = False
orig_inputs = inputs
# We need to use inputs to set the model inputs.
# If input data is a
dataset iterator in graph mode or if it is an eager
# iterator and only one batch of samples is
required, we fetch the data
# tensors from the iterator and then standardize them.
if
isinstance(inputs, (dataset_ops.DatasetV1, dataset_ops.DatasetV2)):
inputs, targets, _ =
training_utils.extract_tensors_from_dataset(inputs)
# We type-check that inputs and
targets are either single arrays
# or lists of arrays, and extract a flat list of inputs from the
passed
# structure.
training_utils.validate_input_types(inputs, orig_inputs)

if isinstance(inputs, (list, tuple)):

processed_inputs += list(inputs)

elif isinstance(inputs, dict):

is_dict_inputs = True

keys = sorted(inputs.keys())

processed_inputs = [inputs[k] for k in keys]

else:

processed_inputs.append(inputs)

# Now that we have a flat set of inputs, we make sure that none of them

# are CompositeTensors or CompositeTensorValues of any type (or scipy

# sparse arrays, which we treat as SparseTensor values). We cannot safely

# infer input data from an arbitrary composite tensor, so we don't try -

# users should explicitly add composite tensor inputs to their subclassed

# models.

for input_tensor in processed_inputs:

if composite_tensor_utils.is_composite_or_composite_value(input_tensor):

# TODO(b/132691975): Document subclass-model CT input handling.

raise ValueError(

'All SparseTensor and RaggedTensor inputs must be explicitly '

'declared using a keras.Input() with sparse=True or ragged=True. '

'We found an undeclared input %s. For Sequential models, please '

'add a keras.Input() as your first Layer. For subclassed models, '

'please call self._add_inputs() on your input set, which you can '

'create using keras.Input() for each input to your model.' %

(input_tensor,))

# Build the model using the retrieved inputs (value or symbolic).

# If values are generated from a dataset, then in symbolic-mode

# placeholders will be created to match the value shapes.

if isinstance(orig_inputs, (dataset_ops.DatasetV1, dataset_ops.DatasetV2,

iterator_ops.Iterator)):

def create_tensor_spec(t):

return tensor_spec.TensorSpec(t.shape, t.dtype)

cast_inputs = nest.map_structure(create_tensor_spec, inputs)

elif training_utils.has_tensors(inputs):

cast_inputs = training_utils.cast_if_floating_dtype(inputs)

else:

cast_inputs = inputs

self._set_inputs(cast_inputs)

return processed_inputs, targets, is_dict_inputs

def _compile_from_inputs(self, all_inputs, target, orig_inputs, orig_target):


if target is not
None:
# We need to use y to set the model targets.
if training_utils.has_tensors(target):
target = training_utils.cast_if_floating_dtype_and_mismatch(
target, self.outputs)
training_utils.validate_input_types(target, orig_target,
allow_dict=False, field_name='target')
if
isinstance(target, (list, tuple)):
all_inputs += list(target)
else:
all_inputs.append(target)
# Type
check that all inputs are either value or symbolic.
# TODO(fchollet): this check could be
removed in Eager mode?
if any(tensor_util.is_tensor(v) for v in all_inputs):
if not
all(tensor_util.is_tensor(v) for v in all_inputs):
raise ValueError('Do not pass inputs that mix
Numpy arrays and '
'TensorFlow tensors. '
'You passed: x=' + str(orig_inputs) +
'; y=' +
str(orig_target))
is_dataset = isinstance(orig_inputs, (dataset_ops.DatasetV1,
dataset_ops.DatasetV2,
iterator_ops.Iterator))
if is_dataset or context.executing_eagerly():
target_tensors = None
else:
# Handle target tensors if any passed.
if target is not None:
if not
isinstance(target, (list, tuple)):
target = [target]
target_tensors = [v for v in target if
_is_symbolic_tensor(v)]
else:
target_tensors = None

self.compile(

optimizer=self.optimizer,

loss=self.loss,

metrics=self._compile_metrics,

weighted_metrics=self._compile_weighted_metrics,

loss_weights=self.loss_weights,

target_tensors=target_tensors,

sample_weight_mode=self.sample_weight_mode,

run_eagerly=self.run_eagerly,

experimental_run_tf_function=self._experimental_run_tf_function)

TODO(omalleyt): Consider changing to a


more descriptive function name.
def _set_inputs(self, inputs, outputs=None, training=None):
"""Set model's input and output
specs based on the input data received.
This is to be used for Model subclasses, which do
not know at instantiation
time what their inputs look like.
Args:
inputs: Single array, or list of
arrays. The arrays could be placeholders,
Numpy arrays, data tensors, or TensorSpecs.
- if
placeholders: the model is built on top of these placeholders,
and we expect Numpy data to
be fed for them when calling fit /etc.
- if Numpy data or TensorShapes: we create
placeholders matching the
TensorShapes or shapes of the Numpy arrays. We expect Numpy
data to be
fed for these placeholders when calling fit /etc.
- if data tensors: the model is
built on top of these tensors.
We do not expect any Numpy data to be provided when calling
fit /etc.
outputs: None, a data tensor, or a list of tensors. If None, the
outputs will be
determined by invoking self.call() , otherwise the
provided value will be used.
training:
Boolean or None. Only relevant in symbolic mode. Specifies
whether to build the model's
graph in inference mode (False), training
mode (True), or using the Keras learning phase
(None).
Raises:
ValueError: If dict inputs are passed to a Sequential Model where the
first
layer isn't FeatureLayer.
"""
inputs = self._set_input_attrs(inputs)

if outputs is None:

kwargs = {}

if self._expects_training_arg:

# In V2 mode, feeding `training=None` is not allowed because any value

# explicitly passed by the user is respected, even `None`.`

if training is None and not ops.executing_eagerly_outside_functions():

training = K.learning_phase()

if training is not None:

kwargs['training'] = training

try:

outputs = self(inputs, **kwargs)

except NotImplementedError:

# This Model or a submodel is dynamic and hasn't overridden

# `compute_output_shape`.

outputs = None

self._set_output_attrs(outputs)

@trackable.no_automatic_dependency_tracking
def _set_input_attrs(self, inputs):
"""Sets
attributes related to the inputs of the Model."""
if self.inputs:
raise ValueError('Model inputs
are already set.')

if self.__class__.__name__ == 'Sequential' and not self.built:

if tensor_util.is_tensor(inputs):

input_shape = (None,) + tuple(inputs.shape.as_list()[1:])

elif isinstance(inputs, tensor_shape.TensorShape):

input_shape = (None,) + tuple(inputs.as_list()[1:])

elif isinstance(inputs, dict):

# We assert that the first layer is a FeatureLayer.

if not training_utils.is_feature_layer(self.layers[0]):

raise ValueError('Passing a dictionary input to a Sequential Model '

'which doesn\'t have FeatureLayer as the first layer'

' is an error.')

input_shape = (None,)

else:

input_shape = (None,) + tuple(inputs.shape[1:])

self._build_input_shape = input_shape

# On-the-fly setting of symbolic model inputs (either by using the tensor

# provided, or by creating a placeholder if Numpy data was provided).

model_inputs = training_utils.ModelInputs(inputs)

inputs = model_inputs.get_symbolic_inputs()

self.inputs = model_inputs.get_symbolic_inputs(return_single_as_list=True)

self.input_names = model_inputs.get_input_names()

self._feed_inputs = []

self._feed_input_names = []

self._feed_input_shapes = []

for k, v in model_inputs.as_dict():

if K.is_placeholder(v):

self._feed_input_names.append(k)

self._feed_inputs.append(v)

self._feed_input_shapes.append(K.int_shape(v))

return inputs

@trackable.no_automatic_dependency_tracking
def _set_output_attrs(self, outputs):
"""Sets
attributes related to the outputs of the Model."""
outputs = nest.flatten(outputs)
self.outputs =
outputs
self.output_names = training_utils.generic_output_names(outputs)
#
TODO(scottzhu): Should we cleanup the self._training_endpoints here?
self.built = True

@property
def _targets(self):
"""The output target tensors for the model."""
return [
e.training_target.target
for e in self._training_endpoints
if e.has_training_target()
]

@property
def _feed_targets(self):
return [
e.training_target.target
for e in
self._training_endpoints
if e.has_feedable_training_target()
]

@property
def _feed_output_names(self):
return [
e.output_name
for e in
self._training_endpoints
if e.has_feedable_training_target()
]

@property
def _feed_output_shapes(self):
return [
e.feed_output_shape
for e in
self._training_endpoints
if e.has_feedable_training_target()
]

@property
def _feed_loss_fns(self):
return [
e.loss_fn
for e in self._training_endpoints
if
e.has_feedable_training_target()
]

@property
def _loss_weights_list(self):
return [e.loss_weight for e in self._training_endpoints]

@property
def _output_loss_metrics(self):
if hasattr(self, '_training_endpoints'):
return [
e.output_loss_metric
for e in self._training_endpoints
if e.output_loss_metric is not None
]
return None
@property
def sample_weights(self):
return [e.sample_weight for e in
self._training_endpoints]

@property
def _sample_weight_modes(self):
return [e.sample_weight_mode for e in
self._training_endpoints]

@property
def _feed_sample_weights(self):
return [e.sample_weight for e in
self._training_endpoints
if e.sample_weight is not None]

def _maybe_load_initial_epoch_from_ckpt(self, initial_epoch, mode):


"""Maybe load initial
epoch from ckpt considering possible worker recovery.
Refer to
tensorflow/python/keras/distribute/multi_worker_training_state.py
for more information.
Arguments:
initial_epoch: The original initial_epoch user passes in in fit() .
mode: The
mode for running model.fit() .
Returns:
If the training is recovering from previous failure
under multi-worker
training setting, return the epoch the training is supposed to continue
at.
Otherwise, return the initial_epoch the user passes in.
"""
if hasattr(self, '_training_state'):
return self._training_state.maybe_load_initial_epoch_from_ckpt(
initial_epoch, mode)
return
initial_epoch

def _get_training_eval_metrics(self):
"""Returns all the metrics that are to be reported.
This
includes the output loss metrics, compile metrics/weighted metrics,
add_metric metrics.
"""
metrics = []
if getattr(self, '_output_loss_metrics', None) is not None:
metrics.extend(self._output_loss_metrics)
if hasattr(self, 'metrics'):
metrics.extend(self.metrics)
return metrics

def _assert_compile_was_called(self):
# Checks whether compile has been called. If it has
been called,
# then the optimizer is set. This is different from whether the
# model is
compiled
# (i.e. whether the model is built and its inputs/outputs are set).
if not
self.optimizer:
raise RuntimeError('You must compile your model before '
'training/testing. '
'Use model.compile(optimizer, loss) .')

@property
def _trackable_saved_model_saver(self):
return
model_serialization.ModelSavedModelSaver(self)

class DistributedCallbackModel(Model):
"""Model that is used for callbacks with
tf.distribute.Strategy."""

def init(self, model):


super(DistributedCallbackModel, self).init()
self.optimizer =
model.optimizer

def set_original_model(self, orig_model):


self._original_model = orig_model

def save_weights(self, filepath, overwrite=True, save_format=None):


self._replicated_model.save_weights(filepath, overwrite=overwrite,
save_format=save_format)
def save(self, filepath, overwrite=True, include_optimizer=True):
# save weights from the
distributed model to the original model
distributed_model_weights = self.get_weights()
self._original_model.set_weights(distributed_model_weights)
# TODO(anjalisridhar): Do we
need to save the original model here?
# Saving the first replicated model works as well.
self._original_model.save(filepath, overwrite=True, include_optimizer=False)

def load_weights(self, filepath, by_name=False):


self._original_model.load_weights(filepath,
by_name=False)
# Copy the weights from the original model to each of the replicated
models.
orig_model_weights = self._original_model.get_weights()
distributed_training_utils.set_weights(
self._original_model._distribution_strategy, self, #
pylint: disable=protected-access
orig_model_weights)

def getattr(self, item):


# Whitelisted atttributes of the model that can be accessed by the
user
# during a callback.
if item not in ('_setattr_tracking', '_layers'):
logging.warning('You are
accessing attribute ' + item + ' of the '
'DistributedCallbackModel that may not have been set '
'correctly.')
return super(DistributedCallbackModel, self).getattr(item)

class _TrainingEndpoint(object):
"""A container for the training output/target and related
entities.
In the case of model with multiple outputs, there is a one-to-one mapping
between
model output (y_pred), model target (y_true), loss, metrics etc.
By unifying these entities into
one class, different entity can access
information between each other, rather than currently
access different list of
attributes of the model.
"""

def init(self,
output,
output_name,
loss_fn,
loss_weight=None,
training_target=None,
output_loss_metric=None,
sample_weight=None,
sample_weight_mode=None):
"""Initialize
the _TrainingEndpoint.
Note that the output and output_name should be stable as long as the
model
structure doesn't change. The training_target suppose to be mutable since
the
information is provided via compile()
Args:
output: the output tensor of the model.
output_name: the unique name of the output tensor.
loss_fn: the loss function for the output
tensor.
loss_weight: float, the weights for the loss.
training_target: the _TrainingTarget for the
model.
output_loss_metric: the metric object for the loss function.
sample_weight: the
weights for how a sample is weighted during metric and
loss calculation. Could be None.
sample_weight_mode: string, 'temporal', 'samplewise' or None. The mode for
how the
sample_weight is populated.
"""
self._output = output
self._output_name = output_name
self._loss_fn = loss_fn
self._loss_weight = loss_weight
self._training_target = training_target
self._output_loss_metric = output_loss_metric
self._sample_weight = sample_weight
self._sample_weight_mode = sample_weight_mode

@property
def output(self):
return self._output

@property
def output_name(self):
return self._output_name

@property
def shape(self):
return K.int_shape(self.output)

@property
def loss_fn(self):
return self._loss_fn
@property
def loss_weight(self):
return self._loss_weight

@loss_weight.setter
def loss_weight(self, value):
self._loss_weight = value

@property
def training_target(self):
return self._training_target

@training_target.setter
def training_target(self, value):
self._training_target = value

def create_training_target(self, target, run_eagerly=False):


"""Create training_target instance
and update the self.training_target.
Note that the input target should just be a tensor or None,
and
corresponding training target will be created based on the output and
loss_fn.
Args:
target: the target tensor for the current output. Could be None.
run_eagerly: boolean, whether
the model is in run_eagerly mode.
Raises:
ValueError if the training_target field for the current
instance has
already been populated.
"""
if self.has_training_target():
raise ValueError('The
training_target field for the _TrainingEndpoint '
'instance has already been populated')
if
run_eagerly:
# When run_eagerly, the target tensor is ignored, and the None placeholder
# is
created instead.
self.training_target = _TrainingTarget(
None, feedable=True,
skip_target_weights=False)
return

if self.should_skip_target():

self.training_target = _TrainingTarget(None)

else:

if target is not None and not K.is_placeholder(target):

feedable = False

skip_target_weights = True

else:

feedable = True

skip_target_weights = False

if target is None:

target_dtype = losses.LABEL_DTYPES_FOR_LOSSES.get(

self.loss_fn, K.dtype(self.output))

target = K.placeholder(

ndim=len(self.shape),

name=self.output_name + '_target',

sparse=K.is_sparse(self.output),

dtype=target_dtype)

self.training_target = _TrainingTarget(

target,

feedable=feedable,

skip_target_weights=skip_target_weights)

@property
def output_loss_metric(self):
return self._output_loss_metric

@output_loss_metric.setter
def output_loss_metric(self, value):
self._output_loss_metric =
value
@property
def sample_weight(self):
return self._sample_weight

@sample_weight.setter
def sample_weight(self, value):
self._sample_weight = value

@property
def sample_weight_mode(self):
return self._sample_weight_mode

@sample_weight_mode.setter
def sample_weight_mode(self, value):
self._sample_weight_mode = value

def should_skip_target(self):
return self._loss_fn is None

def should_skip_target_weights(self):
return (self.should_skip_target() or self.training_target
is None or
self.training_target.skip_target_weights)

def has_training_target(self):
return self.training_target is not None

def has_feedable_training_target(self):
return (not self.should_skip_target() and
self.training_target is not None and self.training_target.feedable)

def loss_name(self):
if self._loss_fn is not None:
return self._output_name + '_loss'
return
None

@property
def feed_output_shape(self):
"""The output shape for the feedable target."""
if not
self.has_feedable_training_target():
return None

if ((isinstance(self.loss_fn, losses.LossFunctionWrapper) and

self.loss_fn.fn == losses.sparse_categorical_crossentropy)) or (

isinstance(self.loss_fn, losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy)):

if K.image_data_format() == 'channels_first':

return (self.shape[0], 1) + self.shape[2:]

else:

return self.shape[:-1] + (1,)

elif (not isinstance(self.loss_fn, losses.Loss) or

(isinstance(self.loss_fn, losses.LossFunctionWrapper) and

(getattr(losses, self.loss_fn.fn.__name__, None) is None))):

# If the given loss is not an instance of the `Loss` class (custom

# class) or if the loss function that is wrapped is not in the

# `losses` module, then it is a user-defined loss and we make no

# assumptions about it.

return None

else:

return self.shape

def sample_weights_mismatch(self):
"""Check if the sample weight and the mode match or
not."""
# If there is a mismatch between sample weight mode and the placeholders
# created,
then recompile the sub-graphs that depend on sample weights.
return (
(self.sample_weight_mode is not None and self.sample_weight is None) or
(self.sample_weight_mode is None and self.sample_weight is not None))
def populate_sample_weight(self, sample_weight, sample_weight_mode):
"""Populate the
sample weight and based on the sample weight mode."""
if (sample_weight is None and
(self.should_skip_target_weights() or sample_weight_mode is None or
context.executing_eagerly())):
self._sample_weight = None
return

assert sample_weight_mode in ['temporal', 'samplewise']

if sample_weight_mode == 'temporal':

default_value = [[1.]]

shape = [None, None]

else:

# sample_weight_mode == 'samplewise'

default_value = [1.]

shape = [None]

if sample_weight is not None:

if not sample_weight.shape.is_compatible_with(shape):

raise ValueError('Received sample weight with shape {}. Expected shape '

'{}.'.format(sample_weight.shape, shape))

self._sample_weight = sample_weight

else:

self._sample_weight = array_ops.placeholder_with_default(

constant_op.constant(default_value, dtype=K.floatx()),

shape=shape,

name=self.output_name + '_sample_weights')

class _TrainingTarget(object):
"""Container for a target tensor (y_true) and its metadata
(shape, loss...).
Arguments:
target: A target tensor for the model. It may be None if the
output is excluded from loss computation. It is still kept as None
since each output of the
model should have a corresponding target. If
the target is None, the rest of the attributes will
be None as well.
feedable: Boolean, whether the target is feedable (requires data to be
passed in fit or train_on_batch ), or not (model compiled with
target_tensors
argument).
skip_target_weights: Boolean, whether the target should be skipped during
weights calculation.
"""

def init(self, target, feedable=False, skip_target_weights=True):


self._target = target
self._feedable = feedable
self._skip_target_weights = skip_target_weights

@property
def target(self):
return self._target

@property
def feedable(self):
return self._feedable

@property
def skip_target_weights(self):
return self._skip_target_weights

def _is_symbolic_tensor(x):
return tensor_util.is_tensor(x) and not isinstance(x,
ops.EagerTensor)
def _convert_scipy_sparse_tensor(value, expected_input):
"""Handle scipy sparse tensor
conversions.
This method takes a value 'value' and returns the proper conversion. If
value is a
scipy sparse tensor and the expected input is a dense tensor,
we densify 'value'. If value is a
scipy sparse tensor and the expected input
is a TF SparseTensor, we convert 'value' to a
SparseTensor. If 'value' is
not a scipy sparse tensor, or scipy is not imported, we pass it
through
unchanged.
Arguments:
value: An object that may be a scipy sparse tensor
expected_input: The expected input placeholder.
Returns:
The possibly-converted 'value'.
"""
if
issparse is not None and issparse(value):
if ops.is_dense_tensor_like(expected_input):
return
value.toarray()
else:
sparse_coo = value.tocoo()
row, col = sparse_coo.row, sparse_coo.col
data, shape = sparse_coo.data, sparse_coo.shape
indices =
np.concatenate((np.expand_dims(row, 1), np.expand_dims(col, 1)),
1)
return
sparse_tensor.SparseTensor(indices, data, shape)
else:
return value

def _get_metrics_from_layers(layers):
"""Returns list of metrics from the given layers.
This will
not include the compile metrics of a model layer.
Arguments:
layers: List of layers.
Returns:
List of metrics.
"""
metrics = []
layers =
trackable_layer_utils.filter_empty_layer_containers(layers)
for layer in layers:
if
isinstance(layer, Model):
# We cannot call 'metrics' on the model because we do not want to
# include the metrics that were added in compile API of a nested model.
metrics.extend(layer._metrics) # pylint: disable=protected-access
metrics.extend(_get_metrics_from_layers(layer.layers))
else:
metrics.extend(layer.metrics)
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