NAME: APRILINE A.

CELLONA
COURSE CODE: EDUC -201 (PHILOSOPHICAL AND ETHICAL FOUNDATION IN EDUCATION)
1. What is Philosophical Foundation in Education and why is there a need to study for
Philosophical Foundation in Education?

The principles or rule of conduct underlying all educational behavior are derived from
philosophy of education. It is a philosophy which holds that certain basic to complex ideas and
skills or discipline essential to one’s culture. Every educational question is anchored and
answered variously depending on our philosophy of life. Thus, Philosophical Foundation in
Education guide us to standpoint some aspects of philosophy that we could ponder as a
cornerstone of education. As a classroom teacher, we should have the ability to assess and
initiate things independently. Therefore, it is just right and a must need to study Philosophical
Foundation in Education to understand man and of things- the problem of human conduct, the
assumptions that underlie religious or scientific beliefs, the tools and methods of thinking, or
any issue that arises in any field of human activity.

2. Write your own understanding on the following topics:

a. Interdependence of Philosophy and Education
Philosophy is wisdom, represents a system of thought, and embodies a way of life.
While Education transmits that wisdom from one generation to the other, embraces that
thought in the content of instruction, and is a preparation of life. From these statements,
we can say that philosophy and education are intimately and integrally connected with each
other. To further explain, Philosophy is dependent on education due to the following
reasons: a.) Education is the dynamic side of Philosophy which means philosophy is the
thought or plan side and education is the application or practical side. b.) Education is a
means to achieve the goal which states that philosophy determines the aim of life and
through analysis, goals are to be achieved by the process of education. Other than that,
without the help of philosophers and their philosophies, Plato, Socrates, Dewey and many
more famous philosophers who contributed and talked about the process of receiving or
giving instruction, education cannot be a successful process of development and
achievement. Why? Because great philosophers have been great educationists also. Their
philosophical accounts have been a guide book for educational planning. Education
Planners translate their philosophical ideas into practice for the teachers or people to
follow. Simply says that Philosophy and Education are interdependent with each other.

b. Nature and Functions of Philosophy

Philosophy seeks to provide a complete account of man’s world. It is thoughtful and
involves critical examination of things and ideas in nature. It functions to provide education
according to the need of the society, also to form a world viewpoint. Why has man come on
this earth? What is his main purpose in life. These are some questions that could be
answered
with the influence of philosophy. Different people, different philosophies. However, great
philosophers help us answer important questions we cannot be so certain.
c. Philosophy and Aims of Education
Philosophy formulates the ends of life, and education offers suggestions how these ends
are to be achieved. The aim of education is to bring child as close to something that is true
at all times, in other words, introducing and teaching child the practicalities of life. Thus,
authenticity of methods and approaches of instruction must be observed. As well as the
method of school discipline and values must be realized in the philosophical foundation in
education.

d. Philosophy and the Curriculum

Philosophy is the heart of curriculum development. It helps us educators to map out
beliefs and arguments. A curriculum philosophy guides all decision-making when developing
a curriculum which is a set of values. Educators make effective use of philosophy to design
curriculums by setting prime concerns or priorities.

e. Philosophy and Method of Teaching

The choice of methods of teaching depends on a philosophy. Teaching Philosophy
discusses how we put life’s philosophy or belief into practice that includes concrete
examples of what to expect doing in the classroom. There is a close relation between
educational method and philosophy. If there is no suitable philosophy of life, the method of
teaching employed by the teacher may withstand the student from the subject being
taught. Teachers should not neglect philosophical foundation in education for us not to lack
coordinating principle and for us to be efficient and authentic in driving students to the real
world.

f. Philosophy and Discipline

It is Philosophy and Discipline that seeks positive discipline to teach children to develop
socially responsible behavior. Discipline is guidance and teaching that promotes positive
behavior. Time is passing and today’s generation has become liberal. The punishment given
to us before were prohibited through the abolition of laws restricting individual action
which progress towards noncoercive education. This resulted to lesser restraints. For me,
some students have become undisciplined due to some students and parents underlying to
the said criminal code. Therefore, the need for philosophical foundation of education
becomes more apparent when we look to the problem of discipline.
3. What are the new changes and revolutionary transformations that has affected the system of
education?

The Educational System in the Philippines is a clear example of a ship sailing in an ocean
of challenges and changes. Digital transformation after many years have evolved to meet the
rapidly changing needs of teachers and students. It is a good sign that we can sway education
competitively and reach the trends globally. But that’s not all of the case, not all of the teachers
are mechanical teachers or well-equipped enough to use the modern method of teaching. This
falls to another problem to some teachers specifically those who are old and focus on
traditional way of teaching. Addition to this, pandemic had passed which required teachers and
students to use digital mode of delivery. If not, the modular mode of delivering instruction. But
whether of the two, we teachers must be equipped to use computers. It was not a problem to
those teachers who are complexly oriented in a 21 st century classes, but a struggle to teachers
who are teaching traditionally. Another challenge in this digital transition is the lack of internet
provider. Not all of the school stations are reachable of signals. These are just some of the
challenges I have encountered and observed. Also, because most countries internationally and
globally have a standard basic education of 12 years, the implementation of the K-12 is perhaps
one of the biggest changes that had shaken the whole Philippine education system. It has full of
twist and turns. From the budget of education, drop-out rate due to longer period of education,
lack of facilities and teacher shortage in public schools. Along with these challenges are its
bright side, Department of Education promises to offer higher quality education through the
strands, provide mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, prepare graduates for
tertiary education efficiently, and allow them to keep up educational standards globally.

4. Write a discussion on Principles and Types of Progressive Education briefly and concisely.
Effective teachers provide experiences so that students can learn by doing. The
principles of progressive education focus on teaching the whole child. Progressive education is a
reaction against the traditional style of teaching. Progressivists believe that education should
focus on the whole child, rather than on the content or the teacher. This educational
philosophy stresses that students should test ideas by active experimentation. In order to
achieve this, Dewey proposed actively engaging students in inquiry-based learning and
experimentation to promote active learning and growth among students. Also, Kilpatrick is best
known for advancing progressive education as a result of his focus on experience-centered
curriculum. As identified within The Project Method, Kilpatrick (1918) emphasized the
importance of looking at students’ interests as the basis for identifying curriculum and
developing pedagogy. The meaning of progressive education emphasizes that the classroom is a
reflection of society. Simply means that the classroom should support democracy, preparation
for life, and the development of human potential; education was about the development of the
whole child in order to be a contributing member of the community.

5. Write in exhaustively. Make a reflection on your learnings on the topic discussed. As a teacher,
what philosophical perspective can you apply to help your institution? In what way and how?
Cite an example.
 Philosophical Foundation in Education guide us to standpoint some aspects of
philosophy that we could ponder as a cornerstone of education. There are ample of
philosophical perspectives we could give thought to and use as our guide in our class which vary
on the interest of our learners. As a teacher assigned in a far-flung area, I would prefer to be a
progressivist. My students need more activity involvement and participation in various subject
areas. Progressivism in education or progressive education system is a holistic approach that
treats all class members equally. This includes us teachers as well. It is a structured learning
pattern, where the teacher only acts as a coach or a guider. This new approach limits the
responsibilities and the role of teachers in a classroom. The set limitation gives rise to creativity
as students learn and adapt to their teacher’s lecture and generate their ideas. Progressive
education is the first step towards success in this rapidly changing world. The newer approach
centered on brain-storming generates meaningful interactions in class. As a teacher in a
progressive education system, teachers only generate meaningful discussions in class. This
allows students to come up with their solutions to a given problem. And as a teacher who want
to make a difference in molding students to be better, I should teach children in our institution
how to think rather than relying on rote memorization. This process of learning by doing is at
the heart of this style of teaching. The concept, known as experiential learning, uses hands-on
projects that allow students to learn by actively engaging in activities that put their knowledge
to use. Furthermore, Progressive education is the best way for students to experience real-
world situations. For example, the workplace is a collaborative environment that requires
teamwork, critical thinking, creativity, and the ability to work independently. Experiential
learning, by helping students develop these skills, better prepares them for college and life as
productive members of the workplace.