Lesson 12: Environmental Concerns

Lesson 13: Hydrological Cycle

Lesson 12: 3. Nitrous oxide
Environmental Concerns Related to the Earth’s Energy - Emitted during agricultural, land use and
Resources industrial activities, combustion of fossil fuels
and solid waste as well as during treatment of
Objectives: wastewater.
 Identify the different environmental concerns (there is a nitrogen present in the fertilizer)
related to the use of fossil fuels, geothermal
energy and hydroelectric energy. 4. Flourinated gases
 Describe the impacts of these environmental - Hydrofluorocarbons, perflourocarbons, sulfur
concerns hexafluoride and nitrogen trifluoride are
 Cite different ways to address the environmental synthetic, powerful greenhouse gases that are
concerns related to the use of these energy emitted from a variety of industrial processes.
sources.
This results to air pollution, greenhouse effect and
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS global warming.
1. AIR POLLUTION
2. WATER POLLUTION
3. LAND POLLUTION How will you address the environmental impacts caused
by fossil fuels?
Addressing Environmental Concerns on Fossil Fuels
SOLUTION:
Air Pollution
 Minimized the use fossil fuels by using
 Burning fossil fuels through cars and industrial electricity-powered trains, bicycles and other
processes results to the release of air pollutants vehicles not powered by fossil fuels
and greenhouse gases.
 Renewable energy is also a good alternative to
 Fossil fuels are rich in carbon atoms that is why fossil fuels
they can be easily burn or they are readily
Biofuel /Biomass – form plant and algal material
combustible.
(animal waste). They are renewable and they can
Four Main Greenhouse Gases be replenished.
1. Carbon dioxide
 Emit less greenhouse gases upon use
2. Methane
3. Nitrous oxide  Relatively cheaper and easier to
4. Flourinated gases produce

1. Carbon dioxide Water Pollution

- Emitted during the following activities: burning
of fossil fuels, solid waste, trees and other  When leaked or spilled in bodies of water like oil
biological materials and also a result of certain spills (when they transport fuels or petroleum)
chemical reactions.  Disrupting the food chains in the area
- It is also one of the reasons why we have hot
temperature. (o kung bakit tayo nakakaranas ng (when the oil settled in the body of water or at
mainit na temperatura) the bottom of the water, the small organisms in
the ocean can consume the oils or chemical and
QUESTION: How do we removed CO2 from the large animals can eat those small organisms)
atmosphere?
 Changing the physical conditions in the area (the
 Planting trees salinity of water change and its PH level)

2. Methane  Contain molecules or compounds that can harm

- Emitted during the production and transport of or kill organisms in the area
coal, natural gas and oil.

EARTH SCIENCE| 1ST SEMESTER: QUARTER 1 (NOVEMBER 8, 2021)

 Lesson 12: Environmental Concerns
Lesson 13: Hydrological Cycle
How will you address the problem of water pollution Water Quality
caused by fossil fuels?
Problem
SOLUTION:
 Utilizing water from nearby bodies of water
 Stricter regulations should be established in oil  Possible contamination of geothermal reservoirs
companies when it comes to ensuring the
transport of oil shipments to prevent any leaks Solution
or spillages.  Using treated, used water in producing steam (they
 Renewable energy is also a good alternative to recycle water)
fossil fuels as they do not put risk of oil spills and  Managing geothermal reservoirs properly
water leakage

Land Use and Landscape

Land Use and Quality Problem
Problem  Can induce earthquakes and also requires large area
 Ground subsidence because of depletion of
 Extensive areas of land including the vegetation
geothermal fluid
and biodiversity are damaged or disturbed
because of mining. Solution
Solution  Better planning and engineering
 Continuous replenishment of the reservoir of
 Stricter regulations should be established that
geothermal fluid by using used water
requires coal mining companies to bioremediate
and restore the area after mining
Addressing Environmental Concerns on Hydroelectric
Bioremediation – the process by which organisms
Energy
especially plants and bacteria are used to remove
pollutants and toxins in the environment. Creation of dam can lead to:

 Increase in sedimentation and siltration in the

reservoir and river.
Addressing Environmental Concerns on Geothermal
Silrtation and sedimentation- when they create a dam
Energy
there will be sediment pollution where in the flow of
Air Pollution silt or sediments into the river, particles become
suspended in the river.
Problem  The amount of dissolved oxygen and the number of
organisms differ from the natural river environment.
 Releases minimal amount of pollutant and
greenhouse gases such as hydrogen sulfide, boron
and mercury.
Water Quality
Solution
 Algal bloom is also great risk of stagnant water. (there
 Mercury emissions can be reduced through mercury is an exponential increase in algal population in the
filter technologies. area)
 Minimize air pollution by using close-loop system.  The water turns green and its oxygen level depletes
which kill the fishes living in it.
Close-loop System – the gases emitted from the
 Dams effect the natural life cycle of fishes by
geothermal reservoir are injected back and not release to
preventing them to go upstream to lay eggs or to
the atmosphere unlike in the loop system.
mate.

EARTH SCIENCE| 1ST SEMESTER: QUARTER 1 (NOVEMBER 8, 2021)

 Lesson 12: Environmental Concerns
Lesson 13: Hydrological Cycle
Solution

 Aeration is done in the turbines to increase the

dissolved oxygen content of the water in the river
system
 Fish ladders are built to allow fishes to go upstream
 Regular dredging is done to prevent the accumulation
of sediments in the reservoir
 Water is regularly released in the spillway to prevent
stagnancy of water

Flood in Nearby Communities

Problem

During heavy rains, huge amount of water it released in

Evaporation (liquid to gas)
the spillway that causes flood in lowlands and
 Water changes from
communities nearby to prevent any damage to the dam
liquid to gas
Solution  Water turns to vapor as
it goes up to the
Damage and loss of lives can be minimized and even atmosphere
prevented by adapting floodplain management.

Lesson 13: Condensation (vapor to liquid)

RECOGNIZING HOW WATER IS DISTRIBUTED ON EARTH  Water vapor in the
atmosphere changes to
OBJECTIVES: liquid form
 It is the crucial stage or
 Describe how water is stored and goes through a
process in water cycle
cycle though hydrologic cycle because it is Responsible
 Explain what happen to water in each stage of for the formation of clouds.
hydrologic cycle
 Describe the distribution of water on the surface of
the earth
 Identify and describe the two classifications of water Precipitation
 Liquid water in the
Water atmosphere falls back to
 Hydrologic cycle the ground
 Covers around 70% of the  In form of rain or snow
earth’s surface

Hydrologic Cycle Runoff

 The water which is not
 Described how water is stored and moves above absorbed by the soil nor
and below the surface of the Earth evaporated in the
atmosphere flows to
different bodies of water

EARTH SCIENCE| 1ST SEMESTER: QUARTER 1 (NOVEMBER 8, 2021)

 Lesson 12: Environmental Concerns
Lesson 13: Hydrological Cycle

Infiltration
 Water is absorbed into the
soil and moves through
cracks and pore spaces
Fresh Water
 Water accumulated in the
ground becomes parts of  Comprises the remaining 3% of the Earth’s water
water aquifers coverage
 Water with low concentration of salt

Accumulation
 Occurs when water
gathers in large bodies of
water such as rivers,
streams, lakes and ocean

Transpiration
 Release of water from
different parts of plants
that returns to the
atmosphere

Distribution of Water on Earth

Salt Water

 Covers 97% of the total volume of water on earth

 Type of water that is high in salt concentration

EARTH SCIENCE| 1ST SEMESTER: QUARTER 1 (NOVEMBER 8, 2021)