SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Focuses on the ways in which scientific, technological,

and social factors interact to shape modern life

It considers how social, political, and cultural values

affect scientific research and technological innovation,
and how these, in turn, affect society, politics and
culture.

The goal is to explore the relationship between what

scientists and engineers do and the constraints, needs, What is Technology?
and responses of society.
 The application of scientific knowledge for
practical purposes, especially in industry.
Science
Is the study of the physical and natural world through  Machinery and equipment developed from the
observations and experiments. application of scientific knowledge.

 The branch of knowledge dealing with

What is Technology?
engineering or applied sciences.
Technology is the use of scientific knowledge for
practical purposes or applications, whether in industry Types of Technology
or in our everyday lives. So, basically, whenever we use
our scientific knowledge to achieve some specific Mechanical technology, which includes wheels, cams,
purpose, we're using technology. levers, gears, belts, and engines

Electronic technology, usually just called electronics,

What is Society? includes computers, washing machines, dryers, MP3
Society is a group of individuals with the same beliefs, players, anything you plug into the wall outlet.
customs, practices, and behaviors.
Manufacturing technology with the goal of either
Scientific Method producing a product on a large scale
The scientific method is a systematic way of learning Medical technology is technology that serves the
about the world around us and answering questions. purposes of diagnosing, treating, or preventing disease.
The key difference between the scientific method and
other ways of acquiring knowledge are forming a Information technology focuses on building
hypothesis and then testing it with an experiment. communications networks for a company, safeguarding
data and information, creating and administering
databases,
Paradigm of the three waves of civilizations, based on  Hunting and gathering societies are nomadic.
technology:  Mutually dependent upon each other.
 Men are typically responsible for hunting, and
1. First-wave technologies, comprising the pre-
women are typically gatherers.
industrial technologies which are labour-intensive,
small-scale, decentralized, and based on empirical HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
rather than scientific knowledge. These societies rely on the cultivation of fruits,
vegetables, and plants in order to survive.
2. Second-wave technologies, comprising the industrial
technologies that were developed between the time of
Horticultural societies are often forced to relocate when
the Industrial Revolution and the end of the Second
the resources of the land are depleted or when the
World War. These are essentially based on the
water supplies decrease.
principles of classical physics, classical chemistry, and
classical biology.
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY
3. Third-wave technologies, comprising the post-
industrial or high technologies which are called science- aka AGRARIAN rely on the use of technology in order to
intensive because they are based on our modern cultivate crops in large areas, including wheat, rice, and
scientific knowledge of the structures, properties, and corn. The technological advances led to an increase in
interactions of molecules, atoms, and nuclei.  food supplies, an increase in population, and the
development of trade centers.
Types of Societies
 Animals are used to pull plows.
Human beings have created and lived in several types of
societies throughout history.  Plowing allows for the cultivation of larger areas
of land.
Sociologists have classified the different types of
societies into six categories:  Soil aeration caused by plowing leads to higher
crop yields over longer periods of time.
 Hunting and gathering societies
 High volumes of food production allow people
 Pastoral societies
to build permanent homes in a single location.
 Horticultural societies
 Towns develop, which eventually grow into
 Agricultural societies cities.

 Industrial societies PASTORAL SOCIETY

 Post-industrial societies  Began around 12,000 years ago.

 Rely on products obtained through the
HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETY
domestication and breeding of animals for
 Earliest form of society. transportation and food.
 Survive primarily by hunting, trapping, fishing,  They only have to move when the land in which
and gathering edible plants. the animals graze is no longer usable.
 The majority of the members' time is spent  Allow for job specialization, since not everyone
looking for and gathering food. is needed to gather or hunt for food.
 Family is the society's primary institution.  While some people breed animals, others are
Family determines the distribution of food and able to produce tools or clothing.
how to socialize children.

HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETY

 These societies are small compared to the

others, less than 50 members.
 INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

 uses advances in technology to drive a

strong manufacturing industry that will
support a large population.

 jobs that involve mechanized labor, like

factory farming or auto-assembly
plants, which involve a combination of
machines and human employees to
produce consumer products.

 The objective of an industrial economy

is the mass production of goods.

POST INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

Information, services, and advanced technology are

more important in post-industrial societies than
manufacturing tangible goods.

The service sector, made up of people such as nurses,

teachers, researchers, social workers, and lawyers,
among others, accounts for more of the economic
growth and wealth.

The manufacturing sector, which is made up of people

such as construction workers, textile mill workers, food
manufacturers, and production workers.