REPORT ON

4G TECHNOLOGY

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 PROJECT REPORT

ON

“4G Technology”

UNDER THE GUIDANCE

OF

MR.RATAN KAMBLE

(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)

COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

A. C. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

KHARGHAR, NAVI MUMBAI.

2022-23

DATE :-

SIGNATURE :-

REMARK : -

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 PROJECT REPORT

ON

4G TECHNOLOGY

Submitted to:

MR.RATAN KAMBLE

Professional Communication and Ethics

Project by:

Sr. Name PRN No. Roll Class

No. Number
1. Prathmesh D. Borate 211042007 07 TE
2. Vikram Biswas 201041055 06 TE
3. Chinmay Dalavi TE
4. Omkar Tonde TE

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report on “4G Technology” have been successfully
completed and submitted by,

A group report submitted in partial fulfilment of term work for the subject

“PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION AND ETHICS”

Sr. Name PRN No. Roll Class

No. Number
1. Prathmesh D. Borate 211042007 07 TE
2. Vikram Biswas 201041055 06 TE
3. TE
4. TE

Approved by:

Prof. Ratan Kamble Prof. M. M. Deshpande Dr. V. N. Pawar

( Assistant Professor) ( H. O. D. ) ( Principle )

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

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 1.1 Internet
1.2 Evolution of Internet
1.3 2G / 3G
1.4 4G Evolution

Chapter 2 4G
2.1 Architecture of 4G
2.2 Ease of Life
2.3 4G Technology Advantages & Disadvantages

Chapter 3
3.1 Government Policy
3.2 Organisations Against 4G

Chapter 4 CASE STUDY

4.1 Case Study - Jio
4.2 Case Study - Airtel

Chapter 5
5.1 Future of Internet
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Biblography

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Internet:
Computers and their structures are tough to approach, and it is made even extra tough while
you want to recognize phrases associated with the difficulty this is already utilized in regular
English, Network, and the net will appear to be absolutely wonderful from one some other,
however, they may seem like identical.
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 A network is a group of 1 or extra computer systems (Multiple gadgets, additionally called
hosts), which are related through a couple of channels for the motive of sending and receiving
records or media in a shared environment. The community also can consist of serval
gadgets/mediums that resource communique among or extra machines; those gadgets are called
Network devices and consist of routers, switches, hubs, and bridges, amongst others.

Internet is a group of computer systems related from all around the world. The Internet
protocol suite is a framework defined through the Internet standards. Methods are divided right
into a layered set of protocols on this architecture. The Internet gives a huge variety of statistics
and communique offerings, which includes forums, databases, email, and hypertext. It is made
of the neighborhood to global personal, public networks connected through plenty of digital,
wireless, and networking technologies.

“The Internet is a worldwide connectivity of hundreds of thousands

of computers of various types that belong to multiple networks.”

Uses of the Internet:

 E-mail: E-mail is an electronic message sent across a network from one computer user to one
or more recipients. It refers to the internet services in which messages are sent from and
received by servers. 
 Web Chat: Web chat is an application that allows you to send and receive messages in real-
time with others. By using Internet chat software, the user can log on to specific websites and
talk with a variety of other users online. Chat software is interactive software that allows
users to enter comments in one window and receive responses from others who are using the
same software in another window.
 World Wide Web: The World Wide Web is the Internet’s most popular information
exchange service. It provides users with access to a large number of documents that are
linked together using hypertext or hyperlinks.
 E-commerce: E-commerce refers to electronic business transactions made over the Internet.
It encompasses a wide range of product and service-related online business activities.
 Internet telephony: The technique that converts analog speech impulses into digital signals
and routes them through packet-switched networks of the internet is known as internet
telephony.
 Video conferencing: The term “video conferencing” refers to the use of voice and images to
communicate amongst users.

1.2 Evolution of Internet:

History of Internet :

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 The ARPANET (later renamed the internet) established a successful link between the
University of California Los Angeles and the Stanford Research Institute on October 29, 1969.
Libraries automate and network catalogs outside of ARPANET in the late 1960s.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol) is established in the 1970s,
allowing internet technology to mature. The development of these protocols aided in the
standardization of how data was sent and received via the internet. NSFNET, the 56 Kbps
backbone of the internet, was financed by the National Science Foundation in 1986. Because
government monies were being used to administer and maintain it, there were commercial
restrictions in place at the time.
In the year 1991, a user-friendly internet interface was developed. Delphi was the first
national commercial online service to offer internet connectivity in July 1992. Later in May
1995, All restrictions on commercial usage of the internet are lifted. As a result, the internet has
been able to diversify and grow swiftly. Wi-Fi was first introduced in 1997. The year is 1998,
and Windows 98 is released. Smartphone use is widespread in 2007. The 4G network is
launched in 2009. The internet is used by 3 billion people nowadays. By 2030, there are
expected to be 7.5 billion internet users and 500 billion devices linked to the internet.

Working of the internet: 
The internet is a global computer network that connects various devices and sends a
lot of information and media. It uses an Internet Protocol (IP) and Transport Control Protocol
(TCP)-based packet routing network. TCP and IP work together to ensure that data
transmission across the internet is consistent and dependable, regardless of the device or
location. Data is delivered across the internet in the form of messages and packets. A
message is a piece of data delivered over the internet, but before it is sent, it is broken down
into smaller pieces known as packets.
IP is a set of rules that control how data is transmitted from one computer to another
via the internet. The IP system receives further instructions on how the data should be
transferred using a numerical address (IP Address). The TCP is used with IP to ensure that
data is transferred in a secure and reliable manner. This ensures that no packets are lost, that
packets are reassembled in the correct order, and that there is no delay that degrades data
quality.

Search Engine:
Search engines are websites that search on the internet on behalf of users and show a
listing of results. More than actually written may be discovered on seek engines. You can be
capable of looking for different online content material which includes photographs, video
content material, books, and news, in addition to gadgets and offerings, relying on the seek
engine you are the use of.
To make use of the Internet, you do not always want to recognize the deal with an
internet site. It is crucial to recognize the way to do a look for statistics. Using a seek engine
is one of the only methods to seek. A seek engine can help you in finding what you are
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 looking for. You also can appearance up net maps and instructions to help you to plot your
adventure from one factor to some other. Example: Google, Bing, DuckDuckGo, yahoo, etc.
Differentiation between Network and Internet:
The number one distinction between a network and the internet is that a network is
made of computer systems that are bodily related and may be used as a personal laptop at the
same time as additionally sharing records. The Internet, on the alternative hand, might be an
era that connects those small and massive networks and creates a brand new in-intensity
community.
Advantages of the Internet:
It is the best source of a wide range of information. There is no better place to conduct
research than the internet.
Online gaming, talking, browsing, music, movies, dramas, and TV series are quickly
becoming the most popular ways to pass the time.
Because there are hundreds of thousands of newsgroups and services that keep you
updated with every tick of the clock, the Internet is a source of the most recent news.
Because of virtual shops where you may buy anything you want and need without
leaving your house, internet shopping is becoming increasingly popular. Recently, virtual
shops have been making a lot of money.
Disadvantages of the Internet:
Spending too much time on the internet is hazardous for the young generation’s health
and leads to obesity.
Children who use the internet develop an addiction, which is quite dangerous.
It is now quite easy to decipher someone’s chat or email messages thanks to the
hacking community.
With the emergence of online businesses, virtual stores, and credit card usage,
purchasing goods without going to the store has never been easier.

1.3 2G & 3G:

What is 2G:

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 In 1991, Finland was the first country to use Second Generation (2G) technology. It is
built on the worldwide system for mobile communication, or GSM for short.
Various networks were able to offer services such as text messaging, image messages,
and MMS as a result of this technology.
All SMS messages are digitally encrypted using this technology, ensuring that only the
intended recipient gets them.
These digital communications use less battery power, allowing mobile phones to run
longer between charges. In addition to SMS text messaging, 2G provided mobile data
services. Two technologies make up 2G.
GSM, which is widely used over the world, PDC, which is only used in Japan, iDen,
which is used in selected regions of the US and Canada, and D-AMPs, which is a forerunner
to GSM, are all examples of time division multiple access (TDMA) protocols.
Because of GSM, the other 2G slice is a code division multiple access (CDMA), which
is presently less popular than TDMA.
IS-95, also known as cdmaOne, is the most well-known CDMA technology, which is utilized
in areas of Asia and the Americas.
The downside of 2G is that it is heavily dependent on tower proximity and position,
and the fact that it is digital worsens this problem.
Analog signals deteriorate over time, resulting in static until they become
unintelligible, whereas digital transmissions cut off or lose and distort significantly due to
their jagged, on-off nature.

What is 3G:
3G is the next generation of wireless network technology, which gives portable
devices access to high-speed bandwidth (high data transmission rates).

3G networks can provide multimedia services that combine audio and data because
of their high data transmission speeds. The ITU began the G pattern in the early 1990s,
and 3G continues it.

International Mobile Communications 2000, a wireless project, is the model. As a

result, 3G follows the second-generation technologies of 2G and 2.5G.

The Global System for Mobile (GSM) is an example of a 2G technology. 3G

provides rates that are several times quicker or greater than any of its previous generations,
such as the briefly introduced 2.5G network that provided internet access.

3G speeds are sufficient for sound-visual streaming. It has been demonstrated to be

entirely enough for remote collaboration tools like Unified Communications, while also
ensuring accurate and flexible sound quality across the line.

3G data technology transmits signals over long distances via a network of phone
towers. Data is sent to the user’s phone by the tower closest to it.

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 While it may not appear to be complicated, 3G technology was revolutionary when
it was first introduced.

Main Difference Between 2G & 3G:

1. The transmission of information via speech signals is the primary purpose of 2G

technology, whereas data transfer via virtual meetings, MMS, and other methods is the
primary function of 3G technology.
2. 3G technology has extra features that 2G technology does not have, such as mobile TV,
video transfers, and GPS systems.
3. 2G technology employs a wide variety of frequencies in both the minimum and maximum
bands, with transmission varying depending on factors such as weather. The fact that 3G is
not accessible in many areas is a disadvantage.
4. While compared to 2G technology, 3G networks allow for validation methods when
interacting with other devices, which provides a higher level of security.
5. 2G technologies offer up to 236 Kbps download and upload rates. While downloading and
uploading rates with 3G technology may reach 21 and 5.7 megabits per second,
respectively.

1.4 4G Evolution:

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 The original use of mobile phones has been transformed over the last 10 to 15 years. The
advent of different types of higher data rate technologies (like GPRS) began a shift in revenue
from voice to data for telecommunication companies. The growing demand to be able to use the
Internet anywhere, anytime, led to the development of higher bandwidth technologies, such as
W-CDMA and WiMAX.
The next generation of wireless communications systems, commonly known as fourth-
generation (4G) network, is envisaged to encompass a multitude of cellular and wireless
networking technologies which include Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN),
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and third generation (3G) cellular network. These
wireless networking technologies are seamlessly interconnected by the Internet Protocol (IP)
backbone network. In essence, 4G aims to transform communications architectures from
traditional vertical stove piped to horizontal integrated systems. . Traditionally, the service
provision in 2G networks ,e.g. GSM, has been mainly based on voice services, closed
business model support and limited operator differentiation due to a narrow set of offered
services. Actually, mobile service provision is facing important advancements towards more
flexible business models, with novel and dynamic Internet-like services, with the introduction of
new 2.5G/3G generations of mobile communication systems, like GPRS, UMTS and CDMA.
Unfortunately, these 2.5/3G networks type of communication; among these requirements we can
mention: terminal working effectively 'anytime, anywhere', service and interface personalization,
ubiquitous communications ,information and access, control of reconfiguration, cost, services,
QoS and available networks, value added multimedia services, access and download speed,
mobility, security, location awareness, billing and interoperability.
The first generation of mobile communications started with the Advanced Mobile Phone
Systems (AMPS), which was an analogue system. AMPS can be thought of as 1G. From there,
we progressed to GSM and CDMA-one (pretty much regarded as 2G) and then to UMTS and
EV-DO, which are 3G technologies. The latest technologies that are regarded as candidates for
4G are LTE and 802.16m. In the case of 802.16m, the candidate for 4G is also known as
WirelessMAN Advanced, or WiMAX2. LTE progresses through versions known as releases.
The latest release that qualifies as being 4G is release 10, often called LTE-Advanced.

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 CHAPTER TWO

4G

2.1 4G Evolution:

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Architecture of 4G:
entail limitations to fulfill requirements imposed by current mobile users specially with the
“anytime, anywhere with anybody”
There is there possible architecture of 4G; multimode device overlay network and
common access protocol. Multimode devices architecture uses a single physical terminal
with multiple interfaces to access services on different wireless networks. It may improve
call completion and expand effective coverage area. It also provide reliable wireless coverage
in case of network, link ,or switch failure .the user ,device or network can initiate handoff
between network the device itself incorporated most of additional complexity without
requiring wireless network notification or employing inter working devices. Each
network can deploy a database that keeps track of user location, device capabilities, and
network condition and user preferences. In overlay network, a user accesses an overlay
network consisting of several universal access points. These UAPs in turn select wireless
network based on availability of QOS specifications, and user defined choices. A UAP
performs protocol and frequency translation content adaptation and QOS negotiation
renegotiation on behalf of users .the overlay network, rather than the user or device, performs
handoffs as the user moves from one UAP to another. A UAP stores user network and
devices information capabilities and preferences. Common access protocol becomes viable if
wireless network can support one or two standard access protocols .one possible situation
which will require inter working between different network ,uses wireless asynchronous
transfer mode .to implement wireless ATM every wireless network must allow transmission
of ATM cells with additional header or wireless ATM cells requiring changes in the wireless

network

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The ITU specification:
The group that designates technologies as 4G is the International Telecommunications
Union (ITU). The ITU issued a press release on October 21, 2010, that qualified LTE-
Advanced and WiMAX2 as meeting the requirements for 4G. The report produced by the
ITU is “Report ITU-R M.2134.” It’s a fairly short report, but I’ll pick out the main points, as
these give some indication as to what constitutes 4G.
The first point relates to mobility. Generally, low mobility is a person walking. High
mobility is usually around 100km/h or about 60mph; a typical speed when traveling on a
train or a car. Mobility also means that a person should be able to move between base
stations without losing a connection, so there is a handover component to 4G.
The second part of the ITU report relates to throughput. There’s no mention of
throughput specifically, as in “You’ll have 1GB/sec throughput on the downlink.”  What it
does have is the spectral efficiency target for each speed and the likely throughput for this.
The report does have some concrete examples, which give an indicative level of the
throughput. For instance, with 100MHz of bandwidth, a low mobility user should have a
peak data rate of 1.5GBits/sec in the downlink. Under the same conditions, the peak uplink
speed should be 675Mbits/sec.
This is significantly higher than current 3G rates, both in the downlink and the uplink.
This is where you can quite definitely state that a network is 4G rather than 3G.
Other aspects:
One of the other parts of 4G that sets it apart from its predecessor is that it’s entirely
packet switched. IP is used in the network layer to route packets. This sets 4G apart from
earlier 3G technologies, which often use older circuit-switched networks for voice.

Wireless is more complicated in terms of transmission than a wired network. The

inverse square law applies to wireless propagation; in fact, it’s often greater than the inverse
square. The radio signals can also take different paths to the receiver and interfere at the
receiver end.

Then there’s the limitation of spectrum. This can be very restrictive. The frequency
bands currently available are quite small. To further complicate matters, many of the
spectrum allocations around the world are in a somewhat fragmented state. Portions may be
allocated to 2G, for example, and other parts to 3G — but these portions are often not in
contiguous bands of the spectrum, leading to fragmentation.

A way around the problem of fragmentation of spectrum is Carrier Aggregation. This

idea was probably meant more to increase potential throughput, but it has the side effect of
also allowing operators to be able to use non-contiguous slices of spectrum. Carrier
aggregation is a feature of both LTE-Advanced and WiMAX2 — it was not possible under
earlier technologies.

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2.2 Ease of Life:

Need for 4G:

1. 3G performance may not be sufficient to meet needs of future high-performance
applications like multi-media, full-motion video, wireless teleconferencing. We need a
network technology that extends 3G capacity by an order of magnitude.
2. There are multiple standards for 3G making it difficult to roam and interoperate across
networks. We need global mobility and service portability.
3. 3G is based on primarily a wide-area concept. We need hybrid networks that utilize both
wireless LAN (hot spot) concept and cell or base-station wide area network design.
4. We need wider bandwidth
5. Researchers have come up with spectrally more efficient modulation schemes that
cannot be retrofitted into 3G infrastructure
6. We need all digital packet networks that utilize IP in its fullest form with converged voice
and data capability

4 Ways how 4G Changed our life:

1. watching, not waiting

Whereas 3G networks offered slow video downloads or buffering-plagued live

streams, 4G’s high data speeds should mean feature-length movies accessed in a matter
of minutes, or seamless live TV. High definition video phone calls are possible too.

The implications of mobile TV growth are huge. As more people use their
handsets as their primary viewing platform, moviemakers and TV producers may find
themselves faced with the need to create shows that look good on smaller screens as
advertisers move to mobile.

Consumers, however, would be advised to change their viewing habits with

caution. Video downloads are, and will continue to be, a major drain on data
allowances. Keeping up with the Kardashians could cost you fortune.

2. Connecting to the thingternet

The first generation of mobile phones were so large and clunky they were known as
carphones. Most mobile calls were made from the comfort of a car because you needed
a vehicle to carry around the heavy, ugly box of electronics that kept you connected.

With the advent of 4G, you’re just as likely to be talking TO your car as talking from
it. This is a concept known as the “Internet of Things ,” a world wide web of everyday
items that will soon see our contact books cluttered with the email addresses of washing
machines, toasters and microwave ovens (well, almost).

Some everyday items, like TiVo cable television boxes, are already hooked up to the
internet, allowing users to program them remotely. It is predicted that most high-end
electronic goods will soon be embedded with the ability to communicate via the
internet.

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 Drivers will be able to defrost cars from the warmth of their bed. Fridges will tell
you whether you need to buy more milk. Garden sprinklers will advise you whether the
lawn needs a drink.

Such communications will flourish under 4G, as networks will offer the extra speed
and capacity needed to cope with such an increase in electronic chatter

3. Work, work, work

When the first BlackBerry handsets were unleashed on unsuspecting employees over
the last decade they revolutionized the way many of us work.

Suddenly, we were dealing with company emails on the train, on the bus and in the
bath. Thumbs suffered as people pounded out their replies on tiny QWERTY keypads.
Work-life balances suffered as the lines between professional and personal time became
blurred. Some relationships suffered as BlackBerrys were inevitably brought into
marital beds.

These days most of us have adapted to carrying around a portal to the office in our
pockets. We might check them obsessively, but we’re no longer feverishly addicted to
responding in real time.

The arrival of 4G could shake things up again. With a mobile network that offers
broadband speeds and capacity, it in theory becomes possible to carry out all manner of
online activity on the hoof.

Secure connections through which employees can access data-heavy company

software become possible. As does downloading or uploading huge data files and video
conferencing.

This will make life easier for workers whose job already takes them on the road. It
will also unshackle many more from their desks.

But it could also lead to a tricky transition period as millions of us adapt to a new
world in which almost every aspect of office life can be lugged around in our laptops.

4. Play, play, play

Even as 4G keeps us connected more closely to our work, it will also plug us into our
play.

Whether you enjoy listening to music or engaging in multi-player computer combat, 4G

should make that a seamless mobile experience via delay-free access to cloud storage or
gaming servers.

2G or not 2G

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 Whether we like it or not, 4G is the future of mobile telecommunications (at least
until 5G comes along). Some people may insist that their old 1G or 2G handsets are all
that they’ll ever need, but sadly they must soon bow to the inevitable.

4G phone operators have been able to increase network speeds by accessing a

broader spectrum of transmission frequencies. These are expensive, with operators often
entering highly competitive government auctions to secure a slice of radio bandwidth.

As demand for 4G grows, networks will be looking to dedicate more frequencies

to their coverage. This will eventually mean re-assigning the frequencies that currently
support 1G and 2G devices.

And so, after decades of service, millions of old LCD-screened handsets will be forced
to beep their last SMS.

2.3 Ease of Life:

4G Technology advantages:

4G wireless network is a pure data connection , It is an end-to-end Internet Protocol

connection , The cellular providers have the opportunity to offer the data access to a wide

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 variety of devices , 4G technology provides mobility , It is more flexible , It is more reliable ,
It is easier to standardize and it offers affordability .
You can easily access Internet , IM , Social Networks , streaming media , video
calling and the other broadband services , It is very stable when connected to the
internet without any disruption & it doesn’t throttle
WiMAX , LTE , and HSPA+ are all versions of 4G , WiMAX is used by Sprint , LTE
is used by Verizon and AT&T, HSPA+ is used by AT&T and TMobile , 4G LTE network
supports the global access , the service portability & scalable mobile services , It supports IP
based mobile system-High speed , high capacity & low cost per bit .
4G LTE network is very fast & 10 times faster than the 3G network , It offers
extremely high voice quality , It is very fast when downloading huge files over a wireless
network , It very good & clear when streaming videos , watching online videos , playing
online musics , watching online TV & the others streaming stuffs .
The younger generation of mobile device users can stream
the music, videos and movies at a much faster rate than ever before and they can also easily
share the information online , 4G technology is affordable , It is more expensive than the
traditional Wi-Fi networks but it also has a lot more advantages to offer to the users .
4G mobile network offers amazing speed , It has higher bandwidth , Increased
bandwidth leads to much faster data transfer speed , that is especially advantageous for the
mobile devices , The users of the 4G network get the benefit of superior , uninterrupted
connectivity , especially for the advanced tasks like video chats & conferences .
4G networks present much more coverage than the other systems such as Wi-Fi , that
forces the users to depend upon hotspots in each area they visit , Since 4G offers a coverage
of 30 miles and more , as also overlapping network ranges , The users would be assured of
complete connectivity at all times .
One of the biggest drawbacks with Wi-Fi networks is online security , This is
especially true for the mobile devices , 4G networks present complete privacy , security and
safety , This is especially beneficial for corporate establishments & business persons , who
hold sensitive information on their respective mobile devices .
4G technology provides the users with many options to choose from , Many mobile
carriers offer special introductory offers for new customers , that works out to be very
reasonable for them , Seamless switching & a variety of Quality of Better spectral efficiency,
Service driven services , Better scheduling & call admission control techniques .

4G Technology disadvantages:

Obtaining the information from the people illegally becomes easier , 4G technology
involves the possibility of some interference though not much , It is capable of being attacked
( jamming frequencies ) and the invasion of the privacy increased .
The consumer is forced to buy a new device to support the 4G , New frequencies
means new components in the cell towers , Higher data prices for the consumers , Your
current equipment can not be compatible with the 4G network , It has different network
bands for different phones  It is expensive & hard to implement .
4G LTE network has higher data prices for the consumers (expensive) , The
consumers are forced to buy a new device to support 4G LTE , It consumes a lot of battery
when in use , It consumes the data very fast & your battery becomes hot when it is used for a
very long time ( like a microwave) .

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 4G LTE network needs complex hardware , 4G technology is still limited to certain
specified carriers & regions but the number of cities which have 4G coverage is increasing
by the day , it would take its own time for this network to be available in all the major cities
of the world .
Mobiles compatible with 4G network is cheaper than earlier but this new equipment
would have to be installed to supply these services , But it is a cumbersome process for most
mobile carriers planning to launch these services , 4G mobile technology is still fairly new
but it will most likely have its initial glitches & bugs , which could be quite annoying for the
user .
4G technology use many antennae & transmitters , You would experience much
poorer battery life on your mobile , while on this network , So , you would have to use
larger mobile devices with more battery power to be able to stay online for longer periods of
time .
The users would be forced to use 3G or Wi-Fi connectivity in the areas that do not yet
have 4G mobile network coverage , While this is a problem in itself , the worse issue is that
they would still have to pay the same amount as specified by the 4G network plan , This
situation can only be resolved once mobile carriers expand their 4G network coverage to
include more regions .
4G technology requires expensive infrastructure for operation , This is embodied in
the eNodeB’s (Access Points) & mainly EPC’s (Gateways or Routers) , 4G is optimal for
data rates , but not necessarily the best for Voice services , Some of these services are
offloaded (delegated) to Wi-Fi or 3G/GSM cellular technologies on your phone 

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Chapter 4
Case Study

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4.1 Case Study - JIO:

Abstract
Reliance Jio Infocomm Ltd (popularly known as Jio), is an Indian mobile
networkoperator launched commercially on September 5, 2016. Owned by
Reliance Indus-tries, the entry of Jio revolutionised the telecommunication
sector. In this projectthe success story of this recent entrant and management
principles adopted by thecompany were analysed on the basis of researches and
studies conducted in thesefields. The organisational structure, planning and
marketing strategy, staffing andrecruitment, SWOT analysis, PEST analysis,
promotional strategy, the impact of Jiolaunch, Government policies,
controversies surrounding Reliance Jio, its ventures,collaborations and future
projects were also discussed in detail

What is Jio?

 Reliance Jio is one of India’s largest network providers whose marketing and business
strategy took over the world. It has been instrumental in transforming the Indian
digital ecosystem. It started operating in 2016 as a telecommunications provider,
gaining over 50 million subscribers in 83 days of launch. It focuses on giving India the
digital transformation capability – attaching everyone by providing the highest quality
communication at an affordable price.

Reliance Jio Business Model

 Reliance Jio’s business strategy is one of the main reasons for its success. The use
of the AARRR strategy to enter the market adds significant growth to the company.
This strategy covers 5 key components to help a business find and retain customers
efficiently and economically.
Discover: – Following the release of Jio’s commercial release in September 2016, Jio
has provided free services to its customers for 3 months. This program has served as a
Jio card for customer acquisition card. In a single month, Jio managed to gain 16
million subscribers.
Getting started: – Users are provided with the best information, never provided by any
telecom service provider. Unlimited high-speed, 4G data with unlimited phone was
unthinkable for customers.
 Retention: – Jio did not end here. During the new year 2017, they extended free
services to users for another 3 months. Jio became the first telecommunications
company to provide 6 months of free customer service. In just two and a half years in
business, Jio gained over 300 million active subscribers. It has taken more than 19
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 years for its rival, Bharti Airtel to reach such a number. Such was Jio’s strength.
Referrals: – Customers become its publisher. Jio has found a growing business with
good customer reviews and user experience. This adds as an advantage to its great
growth.
Income: – Lowering prices to 1/10 of current costs, Jio moved forward with revenue,
which was a major factor in finding such an exit in the market. This is how the
Reliance Jio business strategy plays out and thus helps itself to be ahead of its
competitors. Now let’s understand its intended audience.
 Reliance Jio Marketing Strategy
 Reliance Jio has good digital marketing in all its many platforms, all thanks to its
clever strategies and fashion campaigns. Gathered more than 960k followers on
Instagram alone. In addition, it has a dominant presence on YouTube with 2.36
million subscribers with their own advertising campaigns even in regional languages.
It also has an active presence on Facebook with 2.5 million followers. On Twitter,
they have about 666k followers who are much smaller than their powerful rival. All in
all, Youtube and Facebook are their strengths but their twitter needs further
development.
Reliance Jio has an impressive digital strategy available. Now is the time to dig deeper
and understand Jio’s digital marketing strategy and communication strategy.
Jio Business Strategy Analysis
Reliance is a large company, as well as scales of business strategies used by the
company. We did further research and identified where Reliance could develop Jio’s
business strategy. So let’s go over Jio’s business strategy.
Market entry: – The “entry” market did not work well, as expectations were high for
Reliance Jio due to late entry and on the other hand Breaking established with strong
opponents like Airtel and Vodafone with descriptive technology focused on the hearts
of customers who were not under “herculean work. ”.
Loss of customers: – Withdrawal of free services lowers its users. The decline in the
Reliance Jio customer base in 2019 was mainly due to the start of customer charging
with voice calls. According to TRAI, there were nearly 87 million unemployed users.
However it has now offered a free voice call in home locations.
Customer Complaints: – In December 2019 Reliance Jio runs a joint venture with
JioMart.
JioMart is an Indian online grocery delivery service. A joint venture means that two
firms come together to achieve good cooperation. So both advantages and
disadvantages must be met by both companies.
Conclusion
 Reliance Jio has a strong presence in the telecommunications market and shows no
sign of bowing to its competition anytime soon. The expansion and marketing strategy
has enabled Jio to achieve such dominance. In addition, Jio’s entry into various new
projects such as Jio Fiber, Jio Postpaid, will lead to a diverse and dynamic control over
Jio’s market share, which is already over 35%.
Jio has made a good implementation of its influence strategy and its partnerships with
popular brands. Overall, Reliance Jio has made a significant contribution to digital
transformation in India.

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Jio Logo:

The hidden symbolism in Jio logo The logo of Reliance Jio has a hidden symbolism in it.
When you flip the Jio logo around, it is read ’oil’. The Jio logo seems to represent the past
and future of Reliance. Oil is what had propelled Reliance to become India’s biggest
company in the 20th century. When flipped over into the 21st, it’s probably going to be Jio.

Technology:
Jio High Speed Internet service is the fourth generation (4G) mobile technology that enables
the delivery of high-speed internet services. It uses voice over LTE to provide voice service
on its network. LTE refers to Long Term Evolution of telecom technology that enables High
Definition voice and high-speed internet access.

Network:
Jio owns spectrum in 850 MHz and 1,800 MHz bands in India’s 22 circles, and also owns
pan-India licensed 2,300 MHz spectrum. The spectrum is valid until 2035.Jio shares the
spectrum with Reliance Communications. The sharing deal is for800 MHz band across seven
circles other than the 10 circles for which Jio already owns. In September 2016, Jio signed a
pact with BSNL for intra-circle roaming which would enable users of the operators to use
each other’s 4G and 2G spectrum in national roaming mode. In February 2017, Jio
announced a partnership with Samsung to work on LTE - Advanced Pro and 5G.

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History:

History of Jio soft launched on 27 December 2015 (the eve of what would have been the
83rdbirthday of Reliance Industries founder Dhirubhai Ambani), with a beta for partners and
employees, and became publicly available on 5 September 2016. As of 31January 2019, it is
the third largest mobile network operator in India and the ninth largest mobile network
operator in the world with over 289.44 million subscribers. The company was registered in
Ambawadi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat on 15 February2007 as Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited. In
June 2010, Reliance Industries (RIL) bought a 95% stake in Infotel Broadband Services
Limited (IBSL) for Rs. 4,800crore (US$670 million). Although unlisted, IBSL was the only
company that won broadband spectrum in all 22 circles in India in the 4G auction that took
place earlier that year. Later continuing as RIL’s telecom subsidiary, Infotel Broadband
Services Limited was renamed as Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited (RJIL) in January2013.In
June 2015, Jio announced that it would start its operations all over the country by the end of
2015. However, four months later in October, the company’s spokesmen sent out a press
release stating that the launch was postponed to the first quarter of the financial year 2016–
2017.Later, in July, a PIL filed in the Supreme Court by an NGO called the Centre for Public
Interest Litigation, through Prashant Bhushan, challenged the grant of apna-India licence to
Jio by the Government of India. The PIL also alleged that Jio was allowed to provide voice
telephony along with its 4G data service, by paying an additional fee of just Rs 165.8 crore
(US $23 million) which was arbitrary and unreasonable, and contributed to a loss of Rs
2,284.2 crore (US $320 million) to theexchequer. The Indian Department of
Telecommunications (DoT), however, refuted all of CAG’s claims. In its statement, DoT
explained that the rules for 3G and BWA spectrum didn’t restrict BWA winners from
providing voice telephony. As a result, the PIL was revoked, and the accusations were
dismissed.

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Beta launch:
The 4G services were launched internally to Jio’s partners, its staff and their familieson 27
December 2015. Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan, who is also the brand ambassador of Jio,
kick-started the launch event which took place in Reliance Corporate Park in Navi Mumbai,
along with celebrities like musician A R Rahman, actors Ranbir Kapoor and Javed Ja ffrey,
and filmmaker Rajkumar Hirani. The closed event was witnessed by more than 35000 RIL
employees some of whom were virtually connected from around 1000 locations including
Dallas in the US.

Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan promoting Jio.

Commercial launch:
The company commercially launched its services on 5 September 2016. Within the first
month, Jio announced that it had acquired 16 million subscribers. This is the fastest ramp-up
by any mobile network operator anywhere in the world. Jio crossed 50 million subscriber
mark in 83 days since its launch, subsequently crossing 100million subscribers on 22
February 2017. By October 2017 it had about 130 million subscribers.” The idea of Jio was
first seeded by my daughter, Isha, in 2011. She was a student at Yale (in the US) and was
home for holidays. She wanted to submit some coursework and she said, ’Dad, the internet
in our house sucks’,” Mukesh Ambani recalled lately in press. On 5 July 2018, fixed line
broadband service named Giga fiber, was launched by the Reliance Industries Limited’s
chairman Mukesh Ambani, during the company’s Annual General Meeting.

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Staff Recruitment and Training:

Recruitment Process

The selection procedure in Reliance Jio is completed in following three steps:

•Written test (Aptitude): It analyses the skills in topics like ratio, simple logics, comparisons,
analogy etc.
•Technical written test: It analyses the knowledge of the candidate in fields of electronics and
networking subjects.
•Technical and HR interview: This being the final step is based on national merit test. It tests
the technical and personality skills of the candidate.

Staff Training

About 10 to 20 training programs are scheduled for the employees in a year, although the
organisation does not give much importance to it. Most of the training is given on the bases
of requirement of employees and organisational work schedule. The training method used in
the organisation is based on conference/discussion held time to time according to the work
and situations. Training given to the new recruitment in the organisation is based on the
requirement that whether it is necessary or not and what is the duration. Surveys show that
most of the employees agreed that the training sessions con-ducted in the organisation are
useful to the employees. Usually 1-2 days were taken to implement the training process in
the organisation because of the work demand. it has been observed by studies in this field
that the organisation has to put more inputs in training and development of every employee
for better growth and productivity of the organisation in an e ffective manner. There are gaps
between the training sessions organised by the company because of which trainees lose touch
with training.

Some recommendations based on these studies are:

•Studies suggest that the organization should pay much attention to the training of employees
based on specific departments to enrich their skills and to achieve organizational goals.

•Studies also suggest that the organization should also emphasize on out bond trainings for
healthy working environment.

•Company should practice modern HR techniques during the recruitment process for
selecting desired resource for the job.

•Company should give appraisals and motivate employees for achieving individual targets.

•Company should enhance its Annual increment policies for Employee Sustain-ability

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SWOT Analysis:
SWOT Analysis is a well-established technique for the audit and analysis of the overall
strategic position of a business and its environment. Its key purpose is to identify the
strategies that will create a specific business model that will best align an organisations
resources and capabilities for the achievement of its objectives in the environment in which
it operates. SWOT is an acronym for Strengths, Weak-nesses, Opportunities and Threats. By
definition, Strengths (S) and Weaknesses(W) are considered to be internal factors over which
there is some measure of control. Opportunities (O) and Threats (T) are considered to be
external factors over which there can be essentially no control. The framework of SWOT
Analysis is credited to Albert Humphrey, who tested the approach in the 1960s and 1970s at
the Stanford Research Institute. Developed for business and based on data from Fortune 500
companies, the SWOT analysis has been adopted by organisations of all types as an aid to
making decisions.

Strengths of Reliance Jio:

Strengths are defined as what each business does best in its gamut of operations which can
give it an upper hand over its competitors. They are internal attributes and resources that
support a successful outcome and can be used for competitive advantage. The following are
the strengths of Reliance Jio:

•Strongest Customer Acquisition strategy – Reliance Jio probably has the best customer
acquisition strategy till date. The brand offered their services or free for 3-6 months to all
their users. This resulted in millions of users using Reliance Jio and resulted in one of the
best customer acquisition strategy in the history of telecom.

•Strong backing by parent company-Jio is a subsidiary of Reliance Indus-tries Limited which

is high on its finance and can act as a backup for innovative future ventures. Reliance is a
popular brand with a pan-Indian presence and has high trust amongst customers.

•Innovative technology-Jio currently uses the latest 4G LTE technology which is one of the
world’s best technologies for the future. This is supported by Voice over LTE which makes
it scalable and supportive of 5G and 6 G-technologies which are expected to be the future in
wireless communication.

•Strong customer base-Jio boasts of a whopping 100 million subscribers in the first 170 days
of its launch a record which no other provider has been able to register. This has also made
Reliance Jio India’s largest Internet Service Provider.

•Market share-First mover advantage in making data cost more affordable. Forced other
operators to slash charges by winning a huge market share.
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•Brand management and advertising strategies-The reason for the huge customer base of
Reliance Jio is the brand management strategies that it has adopted. Most of the advertising
campaigns are lively and are targeted at millennials which proved a winning strategy. The
right promotion backed by lucrative offers and credible brand ambassadors like Shah Rukh
Khan and Amitabh Bachchan have helped in building connectivity with the customers.

•Fast and wide network-Reliance Jio has a presence in all 22 telecom circles in India and is
known to be a robust and fast network with fewer connectivity issues.

•Multiple offerings under a single name-Reliance Jio offers a variety of services like movies,
games, shopping, chats, and messenger etc. giving the customer a lot of options to choose
from.

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