Determining Weld Size / 7.

4/1

Normally the use of these standard design formulas TABLE S-Properties of Weld Treated as Line
results in a unit stress, psi; however, when the weld is
treated as a line, these formulas result in a force on Out l me of W~ld~d
Be nd mg TWisting
JOint
the weld, lbs per linear inch. b ew rdt h .d"dtpth
(about horlz.ontal a x r e x-x)

For secondary welds, the weld is not treated as

a line, but standard design formulas are used to find f '-1--'
r--------- -
r-b-;
s.., ~
6
in. 2 s; :~
II
---/---------------
in.'

the force on the weld, lbs per linear inch.

In problems involving bending or twisting loads ,t--t3 s, dl
T
Jw :

/------------
+ dlj
d (3bZ.
--T-

Table 5 is used to determine properties of the weld I--b--l ,

)t----i d s, bd J"", = b 3t3bd l
b
_..l
treated as a line. It contains the section modulus (Sw),
for bending, and polar moment of inertia Ow), for r;
d
jff-- Jl
Y NJ ·~d)
•
---
s, -6--
---------r - - - - - - - - - -
4bdtd l , d l(4b td)
6 Ilb t d)
s; ~ (b-+d)4 _ 6bldl
II Ib + d)
-

twisting, of some 13 typical welded connections with L ~. z£d) top

-----
bottom

-r
---~r_-------------

the weld treated as a line. ~

~-~
-1 s.., bd t ~ I J • (lbt d)' _ bllb + d)l
For any given connection, two dimensions are "'·Zbtd"
y
6 "'" Il (lb+dl

r----
needed, width (b) and depth (d). r-b-1 a, _ lbd + di~-dl(lb +~i-
J .1~3 _ dl(btd)l
• 3 3 (b t d)
Jt~t1
Section modulus (Sw) is used for welds subject .II
1II·'b7Zd ---1. top bottom
- - r----
w II ~
--
to bending loads, and polar moment of inertia (Jw) .- .........
for twisting loads. 'Ol' s.,. bd +~ , J'~
W b

Section moduli (Sw) from these formulas are for

maximum force at the top as well as the bottom portions
dl
'T1R-- d
S . lbdtdl • <0l
W 3
l bt d)
3{btd)
----------

s; ' (btld)' _ dl(btd)l

II Ib t ld)

Tr
OJ' .-;;'d top bot t om
........... --
of the welded connections. For the unsymmetrical con- s...,4bdt~.4bd2tdl J : d J(4b .. dJ .. ~
~'- -. d 3 6b .. 3d
6(b + d)
nections shown in this table, maximum bending force ""27li+iJ) .L top bottom
..... 6
c---------- 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - -
is at the bottom. ....b ....
_ b 3 .. 3 bdl
If there is more than one force applied to the '-]D s.. ' bd t~ , Jw
+d3
- ------.;--
~--------- j------ -----
weld, these are found and combined. All forces which _.~

are combined (vectorially added) must occur at the

same position in the welded joint. I
,3ti S~ • 2bd + )
dl
Jw 'II
2b3 +6bdl
6
.. d J

---

Determining Weld Size by Using Allowables --0-' $w • Ud

4
l s; 'II n
4
d
3

Weld size is obtained by dividing the resulting force

on the weld found above, by the allowable strength
x-tt=. I. ~ ~a (D + f)
Sw
....... C
=-'f--
VD'+d
_----y--
1

of the particular type of weld used (fillet or groove),

obtained from Tables 6 and 7 (steady loads) or Tables
8 and 9 (fatigue loads). weld, treating it as a line (Sw), obtained from Table 5,
If there are two forces at right angles to each into the same formula. Using the same load (M),
other, the resultant is equal to the square root of the f = M/Sw, he thus finds the force on the weld (f)
sum of the squares of these two forces. per linear inch. The weld size is then found by di-
viding the force on the weld by the allowable force.
fr = ...j f12 + f22 I (3)
Applying System to Any Welded Connection
If there are three forces, each at right angles to 1. Find the position on the welded connection
each other, the resultant is equal to the square root where the combination of forces will_ be maximum.
of the sum of the squares of the three forces. There may be more than one which should be con-
sidered.
fr = vi f12+f22+f321 .. ·· .. · .......... (4) 2. Find the value of each of the forces on the
welded connection at this point. (a) Use Table 4 for
One important advantage to this method, in addi- the standard design formula to find the force on the
tion to its simplicity, is that no new formulas must weld. (b) Use Table 5 to find the property of the
be used, nothing new must be learned. Assume an weld treated as a line.
engineer has just designed a beam. For strength he 3. Combine (vectorially) all of the forces on the
has used the standard formula o: = MIS. Substituting weld at this point.
the load on the beam (M) and the property of the 4. Determine the required weld size by dividing
beam (S) into this formula, he has found the bending this resultant value by the allowable force in Tables
stress (cr). Now, he substitutes the property of the 6, 7, 8, or 9.