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Final Exam 2007

This document is an exam for an environmental control engineering course. It provides information about the exam such as the date, duration, instructions and questions. The first question asks students to calculate the room sensible cooling load, latent cooling load and total cooling load for a classroom at 4pm based on given design conditions, occupancy information, wall/roof/glass specifications, lighting/ventilation details and an infiltration rate. The second question covers topics like the human body's thermal interaction with the environment, effective temperature, and how comfort is affected by draft, air temperature differences, age and sex. The third question involves using psychrometric processes to analyze an air conditioned room with given heat loads, occupancy and design conditions. The fourth question asks students

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Krishnasamy Sanjeevan
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94 views26 pages

Final Exam 2007

This document is an exam for an environmental control engineering course. It provides information about the exam such as the date, duration, instructions and questions. The first question asks students to calculate the room sensible cooling load, latent cooling load and total cooling load for a classroom at 4pm based on given design conditions, occupancy information, wall/roof/glass specifications, lighting/ventilation details and an infiltration rate. The second question covers topics like the human body's thermal interaction with the environment, effective temperature, and how comfort is affected by draft, air temperature differences, age and sex. The third question involves using psychrometric processes to analyze an air conditioned room with given heat loads, occupancy and design conditions. The fourth question asks students

Uploaded by

Krishnasamy Sanjeevan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES

EXAMINATIONS OF APRIL/MAY 2007

Code and Name of Course: ME33C ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL ENGINEERING Paper:

Date and Time: Duration: 3hrs

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: This paper has 5 pages and 5 questions

THE USE OF NON-PROGRAMMABLE CALCULATORS IS PERMITTED

QUESTION 1 is Compulsory and carries 40 marks

Answer ANY other three (3) questions (20 marks each)

The following charts are provided:


Psychrometric Chart for Atmospheric Pressure
Air Temperatures and Mean Radiant Temperatures
Friction Chart for Round Duct
The following tables are provided:
Design Conditions for Piarco Intl Airport, Trinidad and Tobago
Fraction of Daily Temperature Range
Surface Conductances and Resistances for Air
Typical Properties of Common Building and Insulating Materials
Cooling Load Temperature Differences for Calculating Cooling Load from
Flat Roof
Wall Construction Group Descriptions
Cooling Load Temperature Differences for Calculating Cooling Load from
Sunlit Walls
CLTD Correction for Latitude and Month Applied to Walls and Roofs, North
Latitudes
Maximum Solar Heat Gain Factor, W/m2 for Sunlit Glass, North Latitudes
Cooling Load Factors for Glass without Interior Shading
Cooling Load Factors for Lights/Cooling Load Factors for People
Co values for Duct Fittings
Rates of Heat Gain from Occupants of Conditioned Space
Minimum Ventilation Rates in Breathing Zone
Circular equivalents of Rectangular Duct for Equal Friction and Capacity

Atmospheric conditions are assumed to be 1 bar and 27°C unless otherwise specified.

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1.0 The room shown above is a lecture classroom on a first floor over a non-air
conditioned room and based on the following:

Location: Trinidad and Tobago


Outside Design: May 0.4% value
Inside Design: 23.5°C db. 50% rh
Occupancy: Lectures are usually of two hour duration from 8:00 a.m. to
10 a.m.; 10:00 a.m to 12 Noon; 1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m and
3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. Equipment: 25% of the
occupants usually are equipped with lap top computers.
All Walls: Hollow Clay Tiles, 1 cell deep, 100 mm with 20 mm
plaster on both sides
Roof: Asbestos Cement Shingles on 6.4 mm Plywood, 500 mm
air space and 12.7 mm Acoustical tile
Floor Slab: 150 mm sand and gravel aggregate concrete of density
2400 kg/m3
All Glass: U = 4.6 W/m2.°C SC = 0.7 with no interior shading.
Lights: 30 W/ m2 fluorescent, operating from 0600 to 1800 hours
daily. (“a” coefficient = 0.55; “b” classification = B);
Special Allowance Factor = 1.2
Door: 2.5 m x 2.5 m single glazing 3.2 mm glass, U = 5.91
W/m2.°C
Ventilation: (qs = 1.232 x L/s x T; ql = 3012 x L/s x W)

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Infiltration: 1 Air Change per hour.

Calculate at 4:00 pm:


(a) Room Sensible Cooling Load
(b) Room Latent Cooling Load
(c) Grand Total Cooling Load.

State all assumptions.

2.0 (A) (a) Explain the thermal interaction of the human body with the
environment and explain how the following equation demonstrates the
interaction.

M – W = (C + R + Esk) + (Cres + Eres) + (Ssk + Scr)

(b) Explain the concept of effective temperature and its relation to the figure shown
below.

(c) Discuss how thermal comfort is affected by draft, vertical air temperature
difference, age of occupants, and sex of occupants.

(B) A clean room with a low air movement of .2 m/s has a radiant panel at 49°C on
each of four walls. The room is 6m by 4m by 3m high and all other surfaces are at
22°C. Assuming sedentary activity and light clothing, specify the indoor design
conditions for cooling.

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3.0 An air conditioned room has a room sensible heat load of 60 kW, a room latent heat
load of 15 kW, an occupancy of 20 people and is maintained at 24.5°C dry bulb and 18°C
wet bulb. Twenty-five percent of the air entering the room is vented through cracks and
door openings. Outside air is assumed to be at design conditions of 35°C dry bulb and
24.5°C wet bulb. Conditioned air leaves the cooling equipment and enters the room at
15.5°C. Use the following letters to designate state points:

A – Outside design conditions


B – Inside design conditions
C – Air entering the cooling equipment (mixed air)
D – Air entering the room (supply air)

a. Complete the table provided below.


b. Calculate the Room SHR.
c. What air quantity must enter the room?
d. What is the load of the outside air in kW?
e. What is the equipment load in kW?

Dry Wet Enthalpy, h Humidity Ratio w,


Point Bulb Bulb kJ/kgda gw/kgwa
A 35 24.5
B 24.5 18
C
D 15.5

4.0 An installation is going to require a 1760 kW Chiller. A proposal is received from


two contractors based on the following:

Data Chiller A Chiller B


Average Chiller 0.21 kW of electrical 0.18 kW of electrical
Efficiency energy/kW of cooling energy/kW of cooling
Initial Cost $221,500 $240,500
Interest Rate on
Investment 12% 12%
Installation Cost $19,000 $19,000
Salvage Value Nil Nil
Electricity Cost 6 ¢/kWh 6 ¢/kWh
Maintenance Costs $12,500 $10,000
Estimated Life 20 years 20 years

Select the better alternative based on an operating hours over the year of 4,200. What
maintenance cost would the chiller not selected have to be for the choice not to matter?

4
where CRF = Capital Recovery Factor
i = interest rate
n = amortization period in years.

5.0

The supply ductwork for a building is shown above.


(1) Size the ductwork for rectangular sheet metal by the equal friction method
using a Friction Loss of 0.8 Pa/m and a maximum depth of 400 mm on the main
and 250 mm on the branches.
(2) Calculate the total pressure drop from the fan to diffuser L. Assume that the take-offs
from the main duct are SR5-1 Smooth Wyes, and at J and K are CR3-15 Elbows. Assume
a pressure drop of 30 Pa for each diffuser.

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Table 2 Fraction of Daily Temperature Range
Time,h f Time,h f Time,h f
1 0.87 9 0.71 17 0.10
2 0.92 10 0.56 18 0.21
3 0.96 11 0.39 19 0.34
4 0.99 12 0.23 20 0.47
5 1.00 13 0.11 21 0.58
6 0.98 14 0.03 22 0.68
7 0.93 15 0.00 23 0.76
8 0.84 16 0.03 24 0.82

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