Advanced Array

Concepts
 Objectives
• Sort array elements using the bubble sort algorithm
• Sort array elements using the insertion sort algorithm
• Use two-dimensional and other multidimensional
arrays
• Use the Arrays class
• Use the ArrayList class
• Create enumerations

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 Sorting Array Elements Using the
Bubble Sort Algorithm
• Sorting
– The process of arranging a series of objects in some logical
order
• Ascending order
– Begin with the object that has the lowest value
• Descending order
– Begin with the object that has the largest value

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 Sorting Array Elements Using the
Bubble Sort Algorithm (cont’d.)
• Simplest possible sort
– Involves two values that are out of order
– Swap two values
temp = valA; // 16 goes to temp
valA = valB; // 2 goes to valA
valB = temp; // 16 goes to valB

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 Using the Bubble Sort Algorithm
• Bubble sort
– You continue to compare pairs of items, swapping them if
they are out of order
– The smallest items “bubble” to the top of the list,
eventually creating a sorted list

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Using the Bubble Sort Algorithm
(cont’d.)

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Using the Bubble Sort Algorithm
(cont’d.)

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 Sorting Arrays of Objects
• You can sort arrays of objects in much the same way
that you sort arrays of primitive types
– Major difference
• Make the comparison that determines whether to swap two array
elements
• Sort based on a particular object field

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 Sorting Array Elements Using the
Insertion Sort Algorithm
• Insertion sort
– A sorting algorithm that enables you to look at each list
element one at a time
– Move items down if the tested element should be inserted
prior to other elements
• Similar to the technique that sorts a group of objects
manually

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Sorting Array Elements Using the
Insertion Sort Algorithm (cont’d.)

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Using Two-Dimensional and Other
Multidimensional Arrays
• One-dimensional or single-dimensional array
– An array that you can picture as a column of values
– Elements are accessed using a single subscript
• Two-dimensional arrays
– Have two or more columns of values
– Have rows and columns
– Use two subscripts
– Are often called a matrix or table
int[][] someNumbers = new int[3][4];

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Using Two-Dimensional and Other
Multidimensional Arrays (cont’d.)

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Using Two-Dimensional and Other
Multidimensional Arrays (cont’d.)
int[][] rents = { {400, 450, 510},
{500, 560, 630},
{625, 676, 740},
{1000, 1250, 1600} };

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 Passing a Two-Dimensional Array
to a Method
• Pass the array name just as you do with a one-
dimensional array
public static void
displayScores(int[][]scoresArray)

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 Using the length Field with a
Two-Dimensional Array
• The length field holds the number of rows in the
array
rents.length
• Each row has a length field that holds the number
of columns in the row
rents[1].length

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 Understanding Ragged Arrays
• Ragged array
– A two-dimensional array with rows of different lengths
• To create a ragged array:
– Define the number of rows for a two-dimensional array
– Do not define the number of columns in the rows
– Then declare the individual rows

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 Using Other Multidimensional
Arrays
• Multidimensional arrays
– Arrays with more than one dimension
• Create arrays of any size
– Keep track of the order of variables needed as subscripts
– Do not exhaust your computer’s memory

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 Using the Arrays Class
• Arrays class
– Contains many useful methods for manipulating arrays
– static methods
• Use them with the class name without instantiating an Arrays
object
– binarySearch() method
• A convenient way to search through sorted lists of values of
various data types
• The list must be in order

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Using the Arrays Class (cont’d.)

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 Using the ArrayList Class
• The ArrayList class provides some advantages
over the Arrays class
– Dynamically resizable
– Can add an item at any point in an ArrayList container
– Can remove an item at any point in an ArrayList
container
• Capacity
– The number of items an ArrayList can hold without
having to increase its size

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Using the ArrayList Class
(cont’d.)

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Using the ArrayList Class
(cont’d.)

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 Creating Enumerations
• Enumerated data type
– A programmer-created data type with a fixed set of values
• To create an enumerated data type, use:
– The keyword enum
– An identifier for the type
– A pair of curly braces that contain a list of the enum
constants
enum Month {JAN, FEB, MAR, APR, MAY, JUN,
JUL, AUG, SEP, OCT, NOV, DEC};

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Creating Enumerations (cont’d.)

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 Creating Enumerations (cont’d.)
• You can declare an enumerated type in its own file
– Filename matches the type name and has a .java extension
• Starting with Java 7, you can use comparison
operators with enumeration constants
• You can use enumerations to control a switch
structure

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 Creating Enumerations (cont’d.)
• Advantages of creating an enumeration type:
– Only allowed values can be assigned
– Using enums makes the values type-safe
– Provides a form of self-documentation
– You can also add methods and other fields to an enum
type
• Type-safe
– Describes a data type for which only appropriate behaviors
are allowed

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 Summary
• Sorting
– The process of arranging a series of objects in some logical
order
• Two-dimensional arrays
– Both rows and columns
• Arrays class
• ArrayList class
• A programmer-created data type with a fixed set of
values is an enumerated data type

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