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LINUX Commands

This document contains summaries of Linux commands for controlling processes, scheduling jobs, basic file operations, directory operations, file viewing, user account management, and logging in/out or shutting down. Some key commands include kill and killall to terminate processes, nice and renice to control process priority, sleep and at to run jobs at intervals or future times, useradd/userdel/usermod to manage user accounts, and cat/less/head/tail to view file contents.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
127 views1 page

LINUX Commands

This document contains summaries of Linux commands for controlling processes, scheduling jobs, basic file operations, directory operations, file viewing, user account management, and logging in/out or shutting down. Some key commands include kill and killall to terminate processes, nice and renice to control process priority, sleep and at to run jobs at intervals or future times, useradd/userdel/usermod to manage user accounts, and cat/less/head/tail to view file contents.

Uploaded by

temp2004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‎jobs ‎List your jobs.

‎& ‎Run a job in the background.

‎ssh ‎^Z ‎Suspend the current (foreground) job.


‎check ‎Shell Job Control
‎munin - monitoring ‎suspend ‎Suspend a shell.

‎fg ‎Unsuspend a job: bring it into the foreground.


‎Terminate a process (or send it a signal). ‎kill
‎bg ‎Make a suspended job run in the background.
‎killall

‎Invoke a program at a particular priority. ‎nice ‎Controlling Processes ‎ls ‎List files in a directory.

‎Change a process’s priority as it runs. ‎renice ‎cp ‎Copy a file.

‎cpulimit ‎mv ‎Rename (“move”) a file.

‎Basic File Operations ‎rm ‎Delete (“remove”) a file.


‎Wait a set number of seconds, doing nothing. ‎sleep
‎ln ‎Create links (alternative names) to a file.
‎Run a program at set intervals.  ‎watch
‎ ompletely erase a file when the file is
C
‎Scheduling Jobs ‎shred 
‎deleted
‎Schedule a job for a single, future time. ‎at

‎Schedule jobs for many future times. ‎crontab


‎cd ‎Change your current directory.

‎ rint the name of your current directory, i.e.,


P
‎Halts or reboots a Linux system ‎shutdown ‎Logins, Logouts, and Shutdowns ‎pwd
‎“where you are now” in the filesystem.

‎basename ‎Print the final part of a file path.

‎Print your login name. ‎logname


‎Directory Operations ‎dirname ‎Print a file path without its final part.

‎Print your current, effective username. ‎whoami


‎mkdir ‎Create (make) a directory.

‎Print the user ID and group membership of a


‎id ‎rmdir ‎Delete (remove) an empty directory.
‎user.

‎rm -r ‎Delete a nonempty directory and its contents.


‎List logged-in users, long output. ‎who ‎Users and Their Environment

‎List logged-in users, short output. ‎users


‎cat ‎View files in their entirety.
‎Print information about users. ‎finger
‎less ‎View text files one page at a time.
‎Determine when someone last logged in. ‎last
‎head ‎View the first lines of a text file.
‎Print your environment. ‎printenv
‎tail ‎View the last lines of a text file.

‎nl ‎View text files with their lines numbered.


‎Create an account. ‎useradd

‎Delete an account. ‎userdel


‎File Viewing ‎strings ‎Display text that’s embedded in a binary file.

‎od ‎View data in octal (or other formats).


‎Modify an account. ‎usermod
‎User Account Management
‎xxd ‎View data in hexadecimal.
‎Change a password. ‎passwd

‎acroread ‎View PDF files.


‎Change a user’s personal information. ‎chfn

‎gv ‎View PostScript or PDF files.


‎Change a user’s shell. ‎chsh

‎xdvi ‎View TeX DVI files.

‎Print the group membership of a user. ‎groups

‎emacs ‎Text editor from Free Software Foundation.


‎Create a group. ‎groupadd
‎Group Management
‎vim ‎Text editor, extension of Unix vi.
‎Delete a group. ‎groupdel

‎ ffice suite for editing Microsoft Word,


O
‎Modify a group. ‎groupmod ‎File Creation and Editing ‎soffice
‎Excel, and PowerPoint documents.

‎abiword ‎Edit Microsoft Word documents.


‎Print basic system information. ‎uname
‎gnumeric ‎Edit Excel spreadsheets.
‎Print the system’s hostname. ‎hostname

‎Same as hostname -d. ‎dnsdomainname


‎stat ‎Display attributes of files and directories. 

‎Same as hostname -y. ‎domainname


‎wc ‎Count bytes, words, lines in a file.

‎Same as hostname -y. ‎nisdomainname ‎Host Information


‎du ‎Measure disk usage of files and directories.

‎Same as hostname -y. ‎ypdomainname


‎file ‎Identify (guess) the type of a file.

‎Set and display network interface


‎ip ‎touch ‎Change timestamps of files and directories.
‎information.

‎chown ‎Change owner of files and directories.


‎Older command to set and display network
‎ifconfig
‎interface information.
‎ hange group ownership of files and
C
‎File Properties ‎chgrp
‎directories.

‎Look up hostnames, IP addresses, and DNS ‎Change protection mode of files and
‎host ‎chmod
‎info. ‎directories.

‎Look up the registrants of Internet domains. ‎whois ‎Set a default mode for new files and
‎umask
‎directories.
‎Check if a remote host is reachable. ‎ping
‎Change extended attributes of files and
‎chattr
‎View the network path to a remote host. ‎traceroute ‎Host Location ‎directories.

‎ex  ‎List extended attributes of files and


‎lsattr
‎directories.
‎ ttp://kb.mediatemple.net/questions/909/
h
‎dig
‎Understanding+the+dig+command
‎find ‎Locate files in a directory hierarchy.
‎ ttp://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-dig-
h
‎command-examples-usage-syntax/ ‎Process a list of located files (and much
‎xargs
‎more).

‎Create an index of files, and search the


‎Securely log into a remote host, or run ‎locate
‎ssh ‎index for string.
‎commands on it.

‎Locate executables in your search path (


‎Log into a remote host (insecure!). ‎telnet ‎File Location ‎which
‎command).

‎Securely copy files to/from a remote host (


‎batch).
‎scp ‎Network Connections  ‎type
‎Locate executables in your search path (
‎bash built-in).

‎Securely copy files to/from a remote host (


‎sftp ‎Locate executables, documentation, and
‎interactive). ‎whereis
‎ INUX
L
‎source files.

‎Copy files to/from a remote host (


‎ ommands
C
‎ftp
‎interactive, insecure!).
‎Find lines in a file that match a regular
‎grep
‎expression.

‎Graphical mail client. ‎thunderbird


‎cut ‎Extract columns from a file.

‎Graphical mail client. ‎evolution


‎paste ‎Append columns.

‎Text-based mail client. ‎mutt ‎Email


‎File Text Manipulation ‎tr ‎Translate characters into other characters.

‎Minimal text-based mail client. ‎mail


‎sort ‎Sort lines of text by various criteria.

‎View the outgoing mail queue on your


‎mailq ‎uniq ‎Locate identical lines in a file.
‎system.

‎Copy a file and print it on standard output,


‎tee
‎simultaneously.
‎Full-featured web browser. ‎firefox

‎Text-only web browser. ‎lynx ‎Web Browsing ‎tar ‎Package multiple files into a single file.

‎Download web pages and files. ‎wget


‎gzip ‎Compress files with GNU Zip.

‎gunzip ‎Uncompress GNU Zip files.


‎Usenet newsreader ‎slrn ‎Usenet News
‎bzip2 ‎Compress files in BZip format.

‎bunzip2 ‎Uncompress BZip files.


‎Instant messaging and IRC client. ‎gaim
‎Compress/uncompress BZip files via
‎bzcat
‎Linux/Unix chat program. ‎talk ‎standard input/output.

‎Send messages to a terminal. ‎write ‎Instant Messaging ‎File Compression and Packaging ‎compress
‎Compress files with traditional Unix
‎compression.
‎Prohibit talk and write. ‎mesg
‎Uncompress files with traditional Unix
‎uncompress
‎Print your terminal device name. ‎tty ‎compression.

‎Compress/uncompress file via standard


‎zcat
‎input/output (gzip or compress).
‎Print simple text on standard output. ‎echo
‎zip ‎Compress files in Windows Zip format.
‎Print formatted text on standard output. ‎printf
‎unzip ‎Uncompress Windows Zip files.
‎Print repeated text on standard output. ‎yes ‎Screen Output
‎metamail ‎Extract MIME data to files.
‎Print a sequence of numbers on standard
‎seq
‎output.

‎Clear the screen or window. ‎clear ‎Line-by-line comparison of two files or


‎diff
‎directories.

‎comm ‎Line-by-line comparison of two sorted files.


‎Display a graphical calculator. ‎xcalc ‎File Comparison
‎cmp ‎Byte-by-byte comparison of two files.
‎Evaluate simple math on the command line. ‎expr ‎Math and Calculations
‎Compute a checksum of the given files (
‎md5sum
‎Text-based calculator. ‎dc ‎MD5).

‎Display a graphical clock. ‎xclock ‎lpr ‎Print a file.

‎Print a calendar. ‎cal ‎Printing ‎lpq ‎View the print queue.


‎Dates and Times
‎Print or set the date and time. ‎date ‎lprm ‎Remove a print job from the queue.

‎Set the system time using a remote


‎ntpdate
‎timeserver.
‎look ‎Look up the spelling of a word quickly.

‎Spell Checking ‎aspell ‎Interactive spelling checker.


‎Display graphics files. ‎eog
‎spell ‎Batch spelling checker.
‎Display graphics files and slideshows. ‎geeqie

‎Take a screenshot (screen capture). ‎ksnapshot


‎Display available space on mounted
‎df
‎filesystems.
‎Edit graphics files. ‎gimp ‎Graphics and Screensavers
‎mount ‎Make a disk partition accessible.
‎Draw structured diagrams. ‎dia

‎Unmount a disk partition (make it


‎Create graphs and plots. ‎gnuplot ‎umount
‎inaccessible).

‎Run a screensaver. ‎xscreensaver


‎Disks and Filesystems ‎fsck ‎Check a disk partition for errors.

‎sync ‎Flush all disk caches to disk.


‎Audio file players (MP3, WAV, OGG). ‎amarok, rhythmbox, xmms
‎lshw
‎CD player, ripper, and MP3 encoder. ‎grip
‎inxi
‎Rip audio from CDs to WAV files. ‎cdparanoia
‎lsblk
‎Convert from WAV to MP3. ‎lame ‎Audio

‎Edit ID3 tags. ‎id3tag


‎dump ‎Write a disk partition to a backup medium.

‎Edit audio files. ‎audacity


‎restore ‎Restore the results of a dump.

‎CD burner with graphical interface. ‎k3b


‎Backups and Remote Storage ‎cdrecord ‎Burn a CD, DVD, or Blu-ray disc.

‎Mirror a set of files onto another device or


‎rsync
‎Video file playback. ‎mplayer ‎host.

‎Simple DVD player. ‎gxine ‎mt ‎Control a tape drive.


‎Video
‎Video editor. ‎kino
‎ps ‎List process.
‎Video ripper. ‎HandBrake
‎uptime ‎View the system load.

‎View the network path to a remote host. ‎traceroute ‎w ‎List active processes for all users.

‎Older command to set and display network ‎Monitor resource-intensive processes


‎ifconfig ‎top
‎interface information. ‎interactively.

‎Commands  ‎netstat ‎htop

‎List logged-in users, long output. ‎who ‎iotop

‎tcpdump ‎Network ‎Viewing Processes ‎powertop

‎Check if a remote host is reachable. ‎ping ‎Monitor system load and processes
‎gnome-system-monitor
‎graphically.
‎ifup/ifdown
‎xload ‎Simple, graphical monitor of system load.
‎nslookup
‎free ‎Display free memory.
‎dig
‎Command, which looks up and prints the PID
‎pidof
‎ tr combines the functionality of the
m ‎of a process by its name
‎traceroute and ping programs in a single  ‎mtr
‎network diagnostic tool ‎nmon 

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