Classes and Objects

Class Definitions and Objects

Member Functions
Data Members
Get and Set functions
Constructors

Introduction to Classes and Objects, Constructors and

1
destructors
C++ Classes/Objects

C++ is an object-oriented programming language.

Everything in C++ is associated with classes and objects, along with
its attributes and methods.
 For example: in real life, a car is an object. The car has attributes,
such as weight and color, and methods, such as drive and brake.
Attributes and methods are basically variables and functions that
belongs to the class. These are often referred to as "class members".
A class is a user-defined data type that we can use in our program,
and it works as an object constructor, or a "blueprint" for creating
objects.

Introduction to Classes and Objects, Constructors and destructors2

C++ Classes/Objects

•C++ supports object-oriented (OO) style of

programming which allows you to divide
complex problems into smaller sets by
creating objects.
•Object is simply a collection of data and
functions that act on those data.
Create a Class

Before you create an object in C++,

you need to define a class.
A class is a blueprint for the object.
 How to define a class in C++?

• A class is defined in C++ using keyword class followed by

the name of class.
• The body of class is defined inside the curly brackets and
terminated by a semicolon at the end.
class className
{
// some data
// some functions
};
 Create a Class
Example • Example explained
The class keyword is used to
Create a class called "MyClass": create a class called MyClass.
The public keyword is an access
specifier, which specifies that
class MyClass members (attributes and
methods) of the class are
{ // The class accessible from outside the class.
public: // Access specifier You will learn more about access
specifiers later.
int myNum; // Attribute Inside the class, there is an
string myString; // Attribute integer variable myNum and a
string variable myString. When
}; variables are declared within a
class, they are called attributes.
At last, end the class definition
with a semicolon ;.
 Create an Object
• In C++, an object is created from a class.
• We have already created the class named MyClass, so now we can use
this to create objects.
• To create an object of MyClass, specify the class name, followed by
the object name.
• Syntax to Define Object in C++
className objectVariableName;
• To access the class attributes (myNum and
myString), use the dot syntax (.) on the object:
 Create an Object
Example
Create an object called "myObj" and access the attributes:
class MyClass {
public:
int myNum;
string myString;
};

int main() {
MyClass myObj; // Create an object of MyClass

// Access attributes and set values

myObj.myNum = 15;
myObj.myString = “Welcome to OOP";

// Print attribute values

cout << myObj.myNum << "\n";
cout << myObj.myString;
return 0;
}
 Multiple Objects
• You can create multiple objects of one class:
• Example
• // Create a Car class with some attributes
class Car {
public:
string brand;
string model;
int year;
};
int main() {
// Create an object of Car
Car Obj1;
Obj1.brand = “Mercedes";
Obj1.model = “E class";
Obj1.year = 2019;
// Create another object of Car
Car Obj2;
Obj2.brand = “Toyota";
Obj2.model = “Fielder";
Obj2.year = 2015;
// Print attribute values
cout << Obj1.brand << " " << Obj1.model << " " <<
Obj1.year << "\n";
cout << Obj2.brand << " " << Obj2.model << " " <<
Obj2.year << "\n";
return 0;
}
C++ Class Methods

Methods are functions that belongs to the

class.
There are two ways to define functions that
belongs to a class:
Inside class definition
Outside class definition
Note: You access methods just like you
access attributes; by creating an object of the
class and by using the dot syntax (.):
Inside class definition

• Example
class MyClass { // The class
public: // Access specifier
void Display()
{ // Method/function defined inside the class
cout << “WELCOME TO OOP PROGRAMMING!";
}
};

int main() {
MyClass myObj; // Create an object of MyClass
myObj.Display(); // Call the method
return 0;
}
Outside class definition

• class MyClass { // The class

public: // Access specifier
void Display(); // Method/function
declaration
};
// Method/function definition outside the class
void MyClass::Display() {
cout << " WELCOME TO OOP PROGRAMMING!";
}
int main() {
MyClass myObj; // Create an object of MyClass
myObj.Display(); // Call the method
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Car {
public:
int speed(int maxSpeed);
};
int Car::speed(int maxSpeed) {
return maxSpeed;
}
int main() {
Car myObj; // Create an object of Car
cout << myObj.speed(200); // Call the method with an
argument
return 0;
}
* * * * * * *
* * * * * *
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*

CSC 221: Object Oriented Introduction to Classes and Objects, Constructors and
14
Programming(C++) destructors
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class PATTERN
{
public:
void pattern()
{
int col,row;
for (col=1;col<=7;col++)
{
for (row=col;row<=7;row++)
{
cout<<"*"<<"\t";
}
cout<<endl;
}
}
};
int main()
{
PATTERN p;
p.pattern();
} 15
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
class PATTERN
{
{
PATTERN p;
int i,j;
p.set_val(7,7);
public:
p.pattern();
void set_val(int a, int b)
}
{
i=a;
j=b;
}
void pattern()
{
int col,row;
for (col=1;col<=i;col++)
{
for (row=col;row<=j;row++)
{

cout<<"*"<<"\t";
}
cout<<endl;
}
}
}; 16
#include<iostream> int main()
using namespace std; {
class PATTERN PATTERN p;
{ p.i=7;
public: p.j=7;
int i,j; p.pattern();
}
void pattern()
{
int col,row;
for (col=1;col<=i;col++)
{
for (row=col;row<=j;row++)
{

cout<<"*"<<"\t";
}
cout<<endl;
}
}
};

7/1/2022 17
• A program to calculate area of a rectangle with dimensions 3 and 4

CSC 221: Object Oriented Introduction to Classes and Objects, Constructors and
18
Programming(C++) destructors
 EXAMPLE int main () {
// classes example
Rectangle rect;
#include <iostream>
rect.set_values (3,4);
using namespace std;
cout << "area: " << rect.area();
class Rectangle {
return 0;
int width, height;
}
public:
void set_values (int x, int y) {
width = x;
height = y;
}
int area()
{
return width*height;
}
};
 EXAMPLE
void Rectangle::set_values (int x,
// classes example int y) {
#include <iostream> width = x;
using namespace std; height = y;
class Rectangle { }
int width, height; int Rectangle:: area()
public: {
void set_values (int,int); return width*height;
int area(); }
}; int main () {
Rectangle rect;
rect.set_values (3,4);
cout << "area: " << rect.area();
return 0;
}
EXERCISES

• Write a program to print the area and perimeter of a triangle having

sides of 3, 4 and 5 units by creating a class named 'Triangle' with a
function to print the area and perimeter.
• Write a C++ program that will implement a class named sphere. The
program should accept the radius and determine the volume. The
program should then output the volume. Use pie as 3.14.
volume=4/3πr3.
 SOLUTION…
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Triangle
{
public:
void print_area(int s1, int s2, int s3)
{
float s = (s1*s2)/2.0;
float p = s1+s2+s3;
cout <<“The Area=” << s << endl;
cout << "Perimeter is " <<p << endl;
}
};
int main()
{
Triangle t;
t.print_area(3,4,5);
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std; int main()
class Triangle {
{ Triangle t;
public: t.b=3;
int b; t.h=4;
int h; t.l=5;
int l; cout<<"The Area="<<t.area()<<endl;
cout<<"The perimeter="<<t.peri()<<endl;
float peri() return 0;
{ }
return b+h+l;

}
float area()
{
return (b*h)/2;
}
};
23
#include <iostream>
using namespace std; int main()
class Triangle {
{ Triangle t;
int b; t.sides(3,4,5);
int h; cout<<"The Area="<<t.area()<<endl;
int l; cout<<"The perimeter="<<t.peri()<<endl;
Public: return 0;
void sides(int s1, int s2, int s3) }
{
b=s1;
h=s2;
l=s3;
}
float peri()
{
return b+h+l;
}
float area()
{
return (b*h)/2;
}
};
24
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Triangle
{ int main()
public: {
int b; Triangle t;
int h; t.sides(3,4,5);
int l; cout<<"The Area="<<t.area()<<endl;
void sides(int s1, int s2, int s3);
cout<<"The perimeter="<<t.peri()<<endl;
float peri(); return 0;
}
float area();
};
void Triangle :: sides(int s1, int s2, int s3)
{
b=s1;
h=s2;
l=s3;
}
float Triangle :: peri()
{
return b+h+l;
}
float Triangle :: area()
{
return (b*h)/2;
}
25