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Constants of Physics

This document lists fundamental physical constants and their values according to measurements in 1998. It includes constants like the speed of light, gravitational constant, electron mass, proton mass, Planck's constant, electron charge, and others. The values are given with the measurement unit and an uncertainty range expressed in parts per million. This provides reference values for many key constants used in physics calculations.

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Predrag Raskovic
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376 views1 page

Constants of Physics

This document lists fundamental physical constants and their values according to measurements in 1998. It includes constants like the speed of light, gravitational constant, electron mass, proton mass, Planck's constant, electron charge, and others. The values are given with the measurement unit and an uncertainty range expressed in parts per million. This provides reference values for many key constants used in physics calculations.

Uploaded by

Predrag Raskovic
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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A P P E N D I X B

SOME FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS OF PHYSICS*


Best (1998) Value

Constant Symbol Computational Value Valuea Uncertaintyb

Speed of light in a vacuum c 3.00  × 10 8 m/s 2.997 924 58 exact


Elementary charge e 1.60  × 10 −19 C 1.602 176 487 0.025
Gravitational constant G 6.67  × 10 −11 m3/s2 ⋅ kg 6.674 28 100
Universal gas constant R 8.31 J/mol ⋅ K 8.314 472 1.7
Avogadro constant NA 6.02 × 10 23 mol−1 6.022 141 79 0.050
Boltzmann constant k 1.38  × 10 −23 J/K 1.380 650 4 1.7
Stefan – Boltzmann constant σ 5.67  × 10 −8 W/m2 ⋅ K4 5.670 400 7.0
Molar volume of ideal gas at STPd Vm 2.27 × 10 −2 m3/mol 2.271 098 1 1.7
Permittivity constant ε0 8.85 × 10 −12 F/m 8.854 187 817 62 exact
Permeability constant μ0 1.26 × 10 −6 H/m 1.256 637 061 43 exact
Planck constant h 6.63  × 10 −34 J ⋅ s 6.626 068 96 0.050

Electron massc me 9.11  × 10 −31 kg 9.109 382 15 0.050


5.49 × 10 −4 u 5.485 799 094 3 4.2 × 10 −4
c
Proton mass mp 1.67  × 10 −27 kg 1.672 621 637 0.050
1.0073 u 1.007 276 466 77 1.0 × 10 −4
Ratio of proton mass to electron mass mp/me 1840 1836.152 672 47 4.3 × 10 −4
Electron charge-to-mass ratio e/me 1.76  × 10 11 C/kg 1.758 820 150 0.025
Neutron massc mn 1.68  × 10 −27 kg 1.674 927 211 0.050
1.0087 u 1.008 664 915 97 4.3 × 10 −4
Hydrogen atom massc m 1 H 1.0078 u 1.007 825 031 6 0.0005
Deuterium atom massc m 2 H 2.0136 u 2.013 553 212 724 3.9 × 10 −5
Helium atom massc m 4 He 4.0026 u 4.002 603 2 0.067
Muon mass mμ 1.88  × 10 −28 kg 1.883 531 30 0.056

Electron magnetic moment μe 9.28 


× 10−24 J/T 9.284 763 77 0.025
Proton magnetic moment × 10−26 J/T
μp 1.41  1.410 606 662 0.026
Bohr magneton × 10−24 J/T
μB 9.27  9.274 009 15 0.025
Nuclear magneton × 10−27 J/T
μN 5.05  5.050 783 24 0.025
Bohr radius a 5.29 × 10−11 m 5.291 772 085 9 6.8 × 10 −4
Rydberg constant R 1.10 × 10 7 m−1 1.097 373 156 852 7 6.6 × 10 −6
Electron Compton wavelength λC 2.43 
× 10−12 m 2.426 310 217 5 0.0014
a
Values given in this column should be given the same unit and power of 10 as the computational value.
b
Parts per million.
Masses given in u are in unified atomic mass units, where 1 u = 1.660 538 782 × 10 −27 kg.
c

d
STP means standard temperature and pressure: 0oC and 1.0 atm (0.1 MPa).

*The values in this table were selected from the 1998 CODATA recommended values (www.physics.nist.gov).

A-3

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