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Assignment 2 (MAN 001)

This document contains an assignment sheet for a matrix algebra course. It includes 12 problems involving finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors, properties of matrices, diagonalization, and other matrix operations. The key tasks are to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors of various matrices, prove properties of different types of matrices, compute functions of matrices, and diagonalize matrices. Answers to the problems are provided.

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anurag mahajan
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65 views2 pages

Assignment 2 (MAN 001)

This document contains an assignment sheet for a matrix algebra course. It includes 12 problems involving finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors, properties of matrices, diagonalization, and other matrix operations. The key tasks are to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors of various matrices, prove properties of different types of matrices, compute functions of matrices, and diagonalize matrices. Answers to the problems are provided.

Uploaded by

anurag mahajan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

MAN-001(Mathematics-1): B. Tech. I Year


Autumn Semester: 2018-19
Assignment Sheet-2: Matrix Algebra II
(1) For each matrix, find
 alleigenvalues  and the corresponding
 linearly
 independent
 eigenvectors;
3 1 1 1 1 0 1 −3 3 7 2 −2
(a)  2 4 2  (b)  0 1 0  (c)  3 −5 3  (d)  −6 −1 2 .
1 1 3 0 0 1 6 −6 4 6 2 −1
(2) (a) Let λ be an eigenvalue of a nonsingular square matrix A of order n and x be the corre-
sponding eigenvector. Show that λ−1 is an eigenvalue of A−1 and identify the correspond-
ing eigenvector. Also, identify the eigenvalue and eigenvector of (A − kI), where I is the
identity matrix and k is a scalar.
(b) Show that A and AT have same eigenvalues. Are their eigenvectors also same?
(c) If A and P are square matrices of order n, and P is nonsingular, then A and P −1 AP have
the same eigenvalues.
(3) Prove that
(a) all eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix are real.
(b) eigenvalues of a skew Hermitian matrix are purely imaginary or zero.
(c) eigenvectors corresponding to two distinct eigenvalues of a real symmetric matrix are
orthogonal.
(d) eigenvalues of a unitary matrix have unit modulus.
(e) any skew-symmetric matrix of odd order has zero determinant.
(f) the eigenvalues of an idempotent matrix A are either 0 or 1.
(g) all eigenvalues of a nilpotent matrix B are 0.
(4) Let A and B be square matrices of order n. Show that if λ be an eigenvalue of AB then it will
be an eigenvalue of BA. Hence, prove that I − AB is invertible iff I − BA is invertible.
(5) Prove that every Hermitian matrix can be written as A + iB, where A is real and symmetric,
and B is real and  skew-symmetric. 
0 1 + 2i
(6) Given that A = , show that (I − A)(I + A)−1 is a unitary matrix.
−1 + 2i 0
(7) (a) The eigenvalues of a 3 × 3 matrix A are 2, 2, 4 and the corresponding eigenvectors are
(−2, 1, 0)T , (−1, 0, 1)T and (1, 0, 1)T . Find A.
(b) Find a matrix Psuch that P −1 AP is adiagonal  matrix, where  A is  
4 −2 0 0 2 −1 2 −2 3 2 0 −1
(i)  −2 2 −2  (ii)  2 3 −2  (iii)  1 1 1  (iv)  3 4 0 .
0 −2 4 −1 −2 0 1 3 −1 3 2 0
   
−4 1 0 −2 4 3
(8) Find e2A and A50 when (a) A =  0 −3 1  (b) A =  0 4 0 
0 0 −2 0 0 4
(9) Using Cayley-Hamilton
  theorem, find
 the
 inverse of the following
 matrices:
1 3 3 7 6 2 3 −1 1
(a)  1 3 4  (b)  −1 2 4  (c)  −15 6 −5 
1 4 3 3 6 8 5 −2 2
 
1 2 0
(10) Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem for the matrix A =  −1 1 1  . Hence, find A−1 and A4 .
4 0 1
 
4 α −1
(11) Let A =  2 5 β  . Given that the eigenvalues of the matrix A are 3, 3, δ (where δ 6= 3)
1 1 γ
and A is diagonalizable, find the values of constants α, β, γ, δ.
(12) Find an orthogonal or unitary matrix P such that P ∗ AP is diagonal where A is given by the
following:  
  11 −8 4  
7 3 1 1−i
(a) (b) −8 −1
 −2 (c)

3 −1 1+i 2
4 −2 −4
ANSWERS

1. (a) 2, 2, 6, (−1, 0, 1)T , (−1, 1, 0)T , (1, 2, 1)T (b) 1, 1, 1, (1, 0, 1)T , (1, 0, 0)T
(c) −2, −2, 4 (0, 1, 1)T , (1, 0, −1)T , (1, 1, 2)T (d) 1, 1, 3, (1, 0, 3)T , (1, −3, 0)T , (−1, 1, −1)T
 
3 2 1
7. (a)  0 2 0 
1 2 3
       
1 −1 1 2 1 −1 −1 −11 1 1 −2 −1
(b) (i) 2 0 −1  (ii)  −1 0 −2  (iii)  1 −1 1  (iv)  −1 3 3 
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 14 1 1 0 1
 
α β − α (α − 2β + γ)/2
8. (a)  0 β γ−β  where α = e−8 , β = e−6 , γ = e−4 for e2A and
0 0 γ
α = 450 , β = 350 , γ = 250 for A50
 
6α 4(β − α) 3(β − α)
1  where α = e−4 , β = e8 for e2A and
(b) 0 6β 0
6 0 0 6β
α = 250 , β = 450 for A50
     
7 −3 −3 −0.20 −0.90 0.50 2 0 −1
9. (a)  −1 0 1  (b)  0.50 1.25 −0.75  (c)  5 1 0 
−1 1 0 −0.30 −0.60 0.50 0 1 3
   
1 −2 2 25 8 8
1 
10. 5 1 −1  ,  12 25 4 
11 −4 8 3 16 32 33
11. α = 1, β = −2, γ = 2, δ = 5.
√ √
√ √
 
  0√ −5/√105 4/ √21  
1 −1 3 −2/ 6 1/ 3
12. (a) √ (b) 1/√5 −8/√ 105 −2/√ 21  (c) √ √
10 3 1 (1 + i)/ 6 (1 + i)/ 3
2/ 5 4/ 105 1/ 21

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