The data link layer takes the packets from _________ and

encapsulates them into frames for transmission.

a) network layer
b) physical layer
c) transport layer
d) application layer
Answer: a
Explanation: In computer networks, the data from application
layer is sent to transport layer and is converted to segments.
These segments are then transferred to the network layer and
these are called packets. These packets are then sent to data
link layer where they are encapsulated into frames. These
frames are then transferred to physical layer where the frames
are converted to bits. Error control and flow control data is
inserted in the frames at the data link layer.
2. Which of the following tasks is not done by data link layer?
a) framing
b) error control
c) flow control
d) channel coding

Answer: b
Explanation: Media access control (MAC) deals with
transmission of data packets to and from the network-interface
card, and also to and from another remotely shared channel.
The MAC sublayer also prevents collision using protocols like
CSMA/CD.
 Header of a frame generally contains ______________
a) synchronization bytes
b) addresses
c) frame identifier
d) all of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: In a frame, the header is a part of the data that
contains all the required information about the transmission of
the file. It contains information like synchronization bytes,
addresses, frame identifier etc. It also contains error control
information for reducing the errors in the transmitted frames.
 Automatic repeat request error management mechanism is
provided by ________
a) logical link control sublayer
b) media access control sublayer
c) network interface control sublayer
d) application access control sublayer

Answer: a
Explanation: The logical link control is a sublayer of data link
layer whose main function is to manage traffic, flow and error
control. The automatic repeat request error management
mechanism is provided by the LLC when an error is found in
the received frame at the receiver’s end to inform the sender to
re-send the frame.
 When 2 or more bits in a data unit has been changed during
the transmission, the error is called ____________
a) random error
b) burst error
c) inverted error
d) double error

Answer: b
Explanation: When a single bit error occurs in a data, it is
called single bit error. When more than a single bit of data is
corrupted or has error, it is called burst error. If a single bit
error occurs, the bit can be simply repaired by inverting it, but
in case of a burst error, the sender has to send the frame
again.
 CRC stands for __________
a) cyclic redundancy check
b) code repeat check
c) code redundancy check
d) cyclic repeat check

Answer: a
Explanation: Cyclic redundancy check is a code that is added
to a data which helps us to identify any error that occurred
during the transmission of the data. CRC is only able to detect
errors, not correct them. CRC is inserted in the frame trailer.
 Which of the following is the multiple access protocol for
channel access control?
a) CSMA/CD
b) CSMA/CA
c) Both CSMA/CD & CSMA/CA
d) HDLC
Answer: c
Explanation: In CSMA/CD, it deals with detection of collision
after collision has occurred, whereas CSMA/CA deals with
preventing collision. CSMA/CD is abbreviation for Carrier
Sensing Multiple Access/Collision detection. CSMA/CA is
abbreviation for Carrier Sensing Multiple Access/Collision
Avoidance. These protocols are used for efficient multiple
channel access.
 The physical layer is concerned with ___________
a) bit-by-bit delivery
b) process to process delivery
c) application to application delivery
d) port to port delivery

Answer: a
Explanation: Physical layer deals with bit to bit delivery in
networking. The data unit in the physical layer is bits. Process
to process delivery or the port to port delivery is dealt in the
transport layer. The various transmission mediums aid the
physical layer in performing its functions.
 Which transmission media provides the highest transmission
speed in a network?
a) coaxial cable
b) twisted pair cable
c) optical fiber
d) electrical cable
Answer: c
Explanation: Fiber optics is considered to have the highest
transmission speed among the all mentioned above. The fiber
optics transmission runs at 1000Mb/s. It is called as
1000Base-Lx whereas IEEE standard for it is 802.3z. It is
popularly used for modern day network connections due to its
high transmission rate.
 Bits can be sent over guided and unguided media as analog
signal by ___________
a) digital modulation
b) amplitude modulation
c) frequency modulation
d) phase modulation

Answer: a
Explanation: In analog modulation, digital low frequency
baseband signal (digital bit stream) is transmitted over a
higher frequency. Whereas in digital modulation the only
difference is that the base band signal is of discrete amplitude
level. The bits are represented by only two frequency levels,
one for high and one for low.
 7. The physical layer is responsible for __________
a) line coding
b) channel coding
c) modulation
d) all of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: The physical layer is responsible for line coding,
channel coding and modulation that is needed for the
transmission of the information. The physical configuration
including pins, connectors and the electric current used is
dealt in the physical layer based on the requirement of the
network application.
 A single channel is shared by multiple signals by
____________
a) analog modulation
b) digital modulation
c) multiplexing
d) phase modulation

Answer: c
Explanation: In communication and computer networks, the
main goal is to share a scarce resource. This is done by
multiplexing, where multiple analog or digital signals are
combined into one signal over a shared medium. The multiple
kinds of signals are designated by the transport layer which is
the layer present on a higher level than the physical layer.
2. When does the station B send a positive acknowledgement
(ACK) to station A in Stop and Wait protocol?

a. only when no error occurs at the transmission level

b. when retransmission of old packet in a novel frame is
necessary
c. only when station B receives frame with errors
d. all of the above

ANSWER: a. only when no error occurs at the transmission

level
In Go-Back-N ARQ, if 5 is the number of bits for the sequence number, then the maximum size of the receive
window must be _______.

A) 1

B) 15

C) 16

D) 31

Answer: Option A
The Stop-And-Wait ARQ, Go-Back-N ARQ, and the Selective Repeat ARQ are for ______ channels.

A) noiseless

B) noisy

C) either (a) or (b)

D) neither (a) nor (b)

Answer: Option B
1. In a Go-Back-N ARQ, if the window size is 63, what is the
range of sequence numbers?

answer : 0 to 63
4. For Stop-and-Wait ARQ, for 10 data packets sent, _______
acknowledgments are needed

answer : exactly 10

In _______ framing, there is no need for defining the

boundaries of frames.

Fixed size