1

SMART DUS TBIN USING IOT

chapter 1: INTRODUCTION

A w a s t e c o nt a i n e r , a l s o k no w n a s a d u s t b i n , [ 1 ] g a r b a g e c a n , a nd t r a s h
c a n i s a t yp e o f c o nt a i n e r t h a t i s u s u a l l y m a d e o u t o f m e t a l o r p l a s t i c .
T he w o r d s " r u b b i s h " , " ba s k e t " a nd " b i n " a r e mo r e c o m mo n i n B r it i s h
E ng l i s h u s a g e ; " t r a s h " a nd " c a n " a r e m o r e c o m m o n i n A m e r i c a n E n g l i s h
u s a g e . " G a r ba g e " m a y r e f e r t o f o o d w a s t e s p e c i f i c a l l y ( w h e n
d i s t i n g u i s h e d fr o m " t r a s h " ) o r t o mu n i c i p a l s o l i d w a s t e i n g e n e r a l . I n
1 8 7 5 , t he f i r s t ho u s e ho l d r u b b i s h b i n s w e r e i nt r o d u c e d i n B r it a i n t o
c r e a t e a r e g u l a t e d s ys t e m o f c o l l e c t io n .

Designs
A p e d a l b i n i s a c o nt a i n e r w it h a l i d o p e r a t e d b y a fo o t p e d a l . L i l l i a n
M o l l e r G i l b r e t h , a n i n d u s t r ia l e n g i n e e r a n d e f f i c i e n c y e x p e r t , [ 2 ]
i n v e nt e d t h e p e d a l b i n i n t he 1 9 2 0 s f o r t he d i s p o s a l o f k it c h e n w a s t e .
T he fo o t p e d a l e n a b l e s t h e u s e r t o o p e n t h e l i d w it ho u t t o u c h i n g it w it h
t he i r ha n d s .

A u t o m a t e d w a s t e c o nt a i n e r i n S o u t h K o r e a

I n t h e 2 0 1 0 s , s o m e b i n s ha v e b e g u n t o i n c l u d e a u t o m a t e d m e c h a n i s m s
s u c h a s a l i d w i t h i n f r a r e d d e t e c t io n o n t he t o p o f t he c a n p o w e r e d b y

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 2

b a t t e r i e s t o o p e n it r a t he r t ha n a fo o t p e d a l , fr e e i n g t h e u s e r f r o m
t o u c h i n g t he b i n i n a n y w a y. T h i s h e l p s p r e ve nt t he bin lid s be co min g
c lo g g e d w it h t r a s h. T h e s e w a s t e s c o nt a i n e r s a r e mo s t l y m a d e o f
s t a i n l e s s s t e e l . [ c i t a t i o n n e e d e d ] S o m e b i n mo d e l s a lso inc lud e a sma l l
r e c e p t a b l e fo r a n a i r f r e s h e ne r .
H o u s e ho l d w a s t e c o nt a i n e r s a r e u s u a l l y e it he r :
● t rash ca ns, rec ept ac le s ma de o f met a l o r plast ic
● w he e l i e b i n s , l i g ht , mo b i l e p l a s t ic b i n s

Pub li c wa ste co lle ction :

P r i v a t e w a s t e c o nt a i n e r ( s p e c i f i c a l l y, a w h e e l i e b i n ) i n B e r k s h i r e ,
E ng l a n d

I n m a n y c it i e s a n d t o w ns , t h e r e i s a p u b l i c w a s t e c o l l e c t io n s e r v i c e
w h i c h r e g u l a r l y c o l l e c t s ho u s e ho l d w a s t e f r o m o u t s i d e b u i l d i n g s e t c .
T h i s w i l l b e lo a d e d i n t o a g a r ba g e t r u c k a nd d r i v e n t o a la n d f i l l ,
i n c i n e r a t o r o r c r u s h f a c i l i t y t o be d i s p o s e d o f. I n s o m e a r e a s , e a c h
ho u s e ho l d ha s m u l t i p l e b i n s fo r d i f f e r e nt c a t e g o r ie s o f r u b b i s h ( u s u a l l y
r e p r e s e nt e d b y c o lo u r s ) d e p e n d i n g o n it s s u it a b i l it y fo r r e c yc l i n g ,
w h i c h w i l l i n s t e a d be r o u t e d t o a r e c yc l i n g c e nt e r . [ 3 ]
C o m m e r c i a l r o a d s i d e w a s t e c o nt a i n e r s a r e o ft e n l a r g e r d u m p s t e r s o r
sk ip s.

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 3

Pub li c litte r bin s

I nt e r na t io n a l s y m bo l " T i d y m a n " u s e d o n p a c k a g i n g t o r e m i n d p e o p l e
t o d is p o s e o f it i n a b i n i n s t e a d o f l i t t e r i n g

P u b l i c a r e a s s u c h a s p a r k s , o ft e n ha v e l it t e r b i n s p l a c e d t o i m p r o v e t h e
s o c i a l e n v ir o n m e nt b y e nc o u r a g i n g p e o p le no t t o l i t t e r i n g . S u c h b i n s i n
o u t do o r lo c a t io ns o r o t he r b u s y p u b l i c a r e a s a r e u s u a l l y mo u nt e d t o t h e
g r o u nd o r w a l l t o d i s c o u r a g e t he ft , a nd r e d u c e va n d a l i s m , a n d t o
i m p r o ve t he i r a p p e a r a n c e a r e s o m e t i m e s d e l i b e r a t e l y a r t i s t i c o r c u t e
[4][5]
. I n d e n s e u r ba n a r e a s , t r a s h i s s t o r e d u nd e r g r o u n d b e lo w t h e
r e c e p t a c l e . [ 6 ] M a n y a r e l i n e d w it h a p l a s t ic o r p a p e r b i n ba g t o he l p
c o nt a i n l i q u i d s .

Metaphors
T he t e r m " g a r b a g e c a n " i s a l s o u s e d fo r a mo d e l o f d e c i s io n m a k i n g ,
t he " G a r b a g e C a n M o d e l " o f d e c i s i o n m a k i n g . I t i s c o nc e r ne d w it h
ca se s o f dec isio n m a k i n g i n g r e a t a g g r e g a t e u nc e r t a i nt y w h i c h c a n
c a u s e d e c i s io n s t o a r is e t ha t fr o m a d i s t a nt p o i nt o f v i e w m i g ht s e e m
i r r a t io n a l.
A " t r a s h c a n " m e t a p ho r i s o ft e n u s e d i n c o m p u t e r o p e r a t i n g s ys t e m
d e s k t o p e n v i r o n m e nt s a s a p l a c e f i l e s c a n b e mo ve d fo r d e l e t io n.
In a wo rkp lac e set t ing, a bin ma y be eup he mist ic a lly ca lle d "t he
c ir c u l a r f i l e " , " t h e r o u nd f i l e " o r " t h e j a n it o r 's f i l e " . W h e r e a s u s e f u l
d o c u m e nt s a r e f i l e d i n a f i l i n g c a b i n e t , w h i c h i s r e c t a ng u l a r , j u n k m a i l
a nd o t he r w o r t h l e s s it e m s a r e " f i l e d " i n t h e b i n , w h i c h i s o ft e n r o u nd .
T he t e r m " w a s t e b a s k e t " i s o c c a s io n a l l y u s e d i n t a xo no m y t o r e f e r t o
g r o u p i n g s t h a t a r e b a s e d o n s o m e no n - g e n e t i c c r it e r io n ( e . g . , t h e
p r o p o s e d o r d e r I ns e c t i vo r a i s c o n s i d e r e d a " w a s t e ba s k e t t a xo n " , a s it

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g r o u p s s m a l l m a m m a l s w ho s e c h i e f l i nk i s t h a t t he y e a t insect s), a nd
t he N i l o - S a h a r a n l a n g u a g e f a m i l y i s s o m e t i m e s c a l l e d "Greenberg's
w a s t e b a s k e t " , a s it w a s a g r o u p i ng m a d e b y h i m t o f it t he l a ng u a g e s o f
A f r i c a t h a t d i d no t fa l l i nt o t he o t he r g r o u p s , A fr o a s i a t i c , N i g e r – C o ng o
a nd K ho i s a n .

Swachh bharat Abhiyan

S w a c h h B ha r a t M i s s io n ( S B M ) , S w a c h h B h a r a t A b h i ya n , o r C le a n I n d i a
M i s s i o n i s a c o u nt r y- w i d e c a m p a i g n i n it i a t e d b y t h e G o ve r n m e nt o f
I nd i a i n 2 0 1 4 t o e l i m i n a t e o p e n d e f e c a t io n a nd i m p r o v e s o l i d w a s t e
m a n a g e m e nt . I t i s a r e s t r u c t u r e d ve r s i o n o f t h e N ir m a l B h a r a t A b h i ya n
l a u n c he d i n 2 0 0 9 t h a t fa i l e d t o a c h i e v e it s i nt e nd e d t a r g e t s . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] P ha s e
1 o f t h e S w a c h h B h a r a t m i s s io n l a s t e d t i l l O c t o be r 2 0 1 9 . P h a s e 2 w i l l
b e i m p l e m e nt e d b e t w e e n 2 0 2 0 – 2 1 a nd 2 0 2 4 - 2 5 . [ 4 ]
I n it i a t e d b y t h e G o ve r n m e nt o f I nd i a , t he m i s s io n a i m e d t o a c h i e v e a n
" o p e n - d e f e c a t io n f r e e " ( O D F ) I nd i a b y 2 O c t o be r 2 0 1 9 , t he 1 5 0 t h
a n n i v e r s a r y o f t he b i r t h o f M a ha t m a G a nd h i. [ 5 ] T he o b j e c t i v e s o f t h e
f i r s t p h a s e o f t he m i s s io n a l s o i n c l u d e d e r a d i c a t io n o f m a n u a l
s c a ve n g i n g , g e n e r a t i n g a w a r e ne s s a nd br i n g i n g a bo u t a be ha v io r c ha n g e
r e g a r d i n g s a n it a t io n p r a c t i c e s , a nd a u g m e nt a t io n o f c a p a c i t y a t t he
lo c a l l e v e l. T h e s e c o nd p h a s e o f t he m i s s io n a i m s t o s u s t a i n t he o p e n
d e f e c a t io n fr e e s t a t u s a nd i m p r o v e t he ma n a g e m e nt o f s o l i d a nd l i q u i d
w a s t e . [ 6 ] T he m i s s io n i s a i m e d a t p r o gr e s s i n g t o w a r d s t a r g e t 6 . 2 o f t h e
S u s t a i n a b l e D e v e lo p m e nt G o a l s N u m b e r 6 e s t a b l i s h e d b y t he U n it e d
N a t io ns i n 2 0 1 5 .
T he c a m p a i g n ' s o f f i c i a l n a m e i s i n H i n d i . I n E ng l i s h , it t r a n s l a t e s t o
" C l e a n I n d i a M i s s io n " . T he c a m p a i g n w a s o f f i c i a l l y l a u n c he d o n 2
O c t o be r 2 0 1 4 a t R a j g h a t , N e w D e l h i b y P r i m e M i n i s t e r N a r e nd r a M o d i .
I t is I nd i a ' s l a r g e s t c l e a n l i n e s s d r i v e t o d a t e w it h t hr e e m i l l i o n
g o ve r n m e nt e m p l o ye e s a nd s t u d e n t s fr o m a l l p a r t s o f I nd i a
p a r t ic i p a t i n g i n 4 , 0 4 3 c it i e s , t o w ns , a nd r u r a l c o m m u n it i e s . At a r a l l y
i n C h a m p a r a n, t he P r i m e m i n i s t e r c a l l e d t he c a m p a i g n S a t y a g r a h s e
S wa c h h a g r a h i n r e f e r e n c e t o G a nd h i ' s C h a m p a r a n S a t y a g r a h a l a u n c he d
o n 1 0 Ap r i l 1 9 1 6 .

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 5

T he m i s s i o n w a s s p l i t i nt o t w o : r u r a l a nd u r b a n. I n r u r a l a r e a s " S B M -
G r a m i n " w a s f i n a n c e d a nd mo n it o r e d t hr o u g h t h e M i n i s t r y o f D r i n k i n g
W a t e r a nd S a n i t a t io n ; w h e r e a s " S B M - u r ba n " w a s o ve r s e e n b y t h e
M i n i s t r y o f H o u s i n g a n d U r ba n A f f a i r s . [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 1 0 ] [ 1 1 ]
A s p a r t o f t h e c a m p a i g n , vo l u nt e e r s , k no w n a s S wa c h h a g r a h i s , o r
" A m b a s s a d o r s o f c l e a n l i n e s s " , p r o mo t e d i nd o o r p l u m b i n g a n d
c o m m u n it y a p p r o a c h e s t o s a n it a t io n ( C AS ) a t t he v i l l a g e l e v e l . [ 7 ] O t he r
a c t i v it i e s i n c l u d e d na t io na l r e a l - t i m e mo n it o r i n g a nd u p d a t e s f r o m no n -
g o ve r n m e nt a l o r g a n i z a t io n s s u c h a s T h e U g l y I nd i a n , W a s t e Wa r r io r s ,
a nd S W A C H P u ne ( S o l i d W a s t e C o l l e c t io n a nd H a nd l i n g ) . [ 1 2 ]
T he g o ve r n m e nt p r o v i d e d s u b s i d y f o r co ns t r u c t io n o f n e a r l y 1 1 0
m i l l i o n t o i l e t s b e t w e e n 2 0 1 4 a nd 2 0 1 9 , [ 1 3 ] [ 5 ] a lt ho u g h s o m e I nd i a n s
e s p e c i a l l y i n r u r a l a r e a s c ho o s e t o no t u s e t h e m . [ 1 4 ] T he c a m p a i g n w a s
c r it i c i z e d fo r u s i n g c o e r c i v e a p p r o a c h e s t o fo r c e p e o p l e t o u s e
t o i l e t s . [ 1 5 ] [ 1 6 ] S o me p e o p l e w e r e s t o pp e d fr o m d e f e c a t i ng i n o p e n a n d
t hr e a t e ne d w it h w it hd r a w a l f r o m g o ve r n m e nt b e ne f it s .

B a c k g ro u n d
C o v e r a g e a bo u t o p e n d e f e c a t io n a nd c o nt a m i n a t io n o f d r i n k i n g a n d
b a t h i n g w a t e r i n I nd i a p r o mp t e d g o v e r n m e nt t o t a k e m e a s u r e s t o d e a l
w it h t he p r o b l e m. [ 1 8 ] [ 1 9 ] [ 2 0 ] I n 2 0 1 4 , I nd i a w a s t h e c o u nt r y w it h t h e
h i g h e s t nu m b e r o f p e o p l e p r a c t i c i n g o p e n d e f e c a t io n, a r o u n d 5 3 0
millio n p eo p le. [21]

Launch

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 6

I nd i a ' s p r i m e m i n i s t e r M o d i a t a r a l l y t o p r o mo t e S w a c h h B h a r a t
Missio n

S w a c h h B ha r a t A b h i ya n c a m p a i g n, l a u n c he d o n 2 O c t o be r 2 0 1 4 o n b i r t h
a n n i v e r s a r y o f M a ha t m a G a n d h i , a i m e d t o e r a d i c a t e o p e n d e f e c a t io n b y
2 O c t o be r 2 0 1 9 , t he 1 5 0 t h a n n i v e r s a r y o f t he b i r t h o f M a ha t m a G a n d h i ,
b y c o ns t r u c t i n g 9 0 m i l l io n t o i l e t s i n r u r a l I nd i a a t a p r o j e c t e d c o s t o f
₹ 1 . 9 6 l a k h c r o r e ( U S $ 2 7 b i l l i o n) . [ 1 8 ] [ 2 2 ] [ 2 3 ] T he na t io na l c a m p a i g n
s p a n n e d 4 , 0 4 1 s t a t u t o r y c it i e s a nd t o w n s . [ 2 4 ] [ 2 5 ] c o nc e i v e d i n M a r c h
2 0 1 4 a t a s a n it a t io n c o n f e r e n c e o r g a n i s e d b y U N I C E F I nd i a a n d t h e
I nd i a n I ns t it u t e o f T e c h no lo g y a s p a r t o f t he la r g e r T o t a l S a n it a t io n
C a m p a i g n, w h i c h t he I nd i a n g o v e r n m e nt l a u n c he d i n 1 9 9 9 . [ 2 6 ]

Previou s sanitation ca mpaign s

A fo r m a l s a n it a t io n p r o g r a m m e w a s f i r s t la u nc h e d i n 1 9 5 4 , fo l lo w e d b y
C e nt r a l R u r a l S a n it a t io n P r o g r a m m e i n 1 9 8 6 , T o t a l S a n it a t io n
C a m p a i g n ( T S C ) i n 1 9 9 9 a n d N i r m a l B h a r a t A b h i ya n i n 2 0 1 2 . A l i m i t e d
r a nd o m i z e d s t u d y o f e i g ht y v i l l a g e s i n r u r a l ( M a d h ya P r a d e s h ) s ho w e d
t ha t t he T S C p r o g r a m m e d i d m o d e s t l y i n c r e a s e t he n u m b e r o f
ho u s e ho l d s w it h l a t r i n e s , a nd ha d a s m a l l e f f e c t i n r e d u c i n g o p e n
d e f e c a t io n. H o w e ve r , t he r e w a s no i m p r o ve m e nt i n t he h e a lt h o f
c h i l d r e n. " [ 3 1 ] [ 3 2 ] T h e e a r l i e r " N i r m a l B ha r a t A b h i ya n " r u r a l s a n it a t io n
program was ha m p e r e d b y t h e u nr e a l i s t i c a p p r o a c h. [ 3 3 ] [ 3 4 ] [ 3 5 ]
C o n s e q u e nt l y, N i r m a l B ha r a t A b h i ya n w a s r e s t r u c t u r e d b y C a b i n e t
a p p r o v a l o n 2 4 S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 4 a s S w a c h h B h a r a t A b h i ya n . [ 2 5 ] T h e
r u r a l ho u s e ho l d t o i l e t c o v e r a g e i n I nd i a i n c r e a s e d f r o m 1 % i n 1 9 8 1 t o
11% in 19 91, t o 22% in 20 01, t o 32.7% in 201 1. [36] S inc e 2014, t h e
G o ve r n m e nt o f I nd i a , ha s m a d e r e m a r k a b l e s t r i d e s i n r e a c h i n g t h e O p e n
D e f e c a t io n F r e e t a r g e t s . 3 6 s t a t e s a n d u n io n t e r r it o r i e s , 7 0 6 d i s t r i c t s
a nd o ve r 6 0 3 , 1 7 5 v i l l a g e s h a ve b e e n d e c l a r e d o p e n d e f e c a t io n f r e e a s
o f J a n 2 0 2 0 . [ 3 7 ] I nd i a h a s ma d e r a p i d p r o g r e s s i n e n d i n g o p e n
d e f e c a t io n a c r o s s t he C o u nt r y w h i c h i s h a v i n g a h u g e i m p a c t o n
i m p r o v i n g w a t e r , s a n i t a t io n a nd h yg i e n e ( W AS H ) . T he S w a c h h B h a r a t
M i s s i o n ( S B M ) h a s c h a ng e d t he be h a v i o u r o f hu n d r e d s o f m i l l i o n s o f
p e o p l e w it h r e s p e c t t o t o i l e t a c c e s s a n d u s a g e . 5 0 0 m i l l i o n p e o p l e h a v e
s t o p p e d d e f e c a t i n g i n t h e o p e n s i n c e 2 0 1 4 , d o w n f r o m 5 5 0 m i l l io n t o
l e s s t h a n 5 0 m i l l io n t o d a y. A t r e m e n d o u s a c h i e v e m e nt , o n l y p o s s i b l e
b e c a u s e o f t he S w a c c h B h a r a t M i s s i o n ( S B M ) ( C l e a n I nd i a C a m p a i g n ) ,
l e d b y t he P r i m e M i n i s t e r . [ 3 7 ] E ve n w i t h t he s e i m p r e s s i v e f i g u r e s , it i s
v i t a l t h a t s o c i a l a nd b e ha v io u r a l c h a ng e c o m m u n i c a t io n a p p r o a c he s
k e e p p a c e w it h t he s e r v i c e d e l i v e r y t o e n s u r e t h a t fa m i l i e s r e c e i v i n g
t o i l e t s c o nt i nu e t o u s e t he m r e g u l a r l y.

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 7

S t ru c t u r e

Components

T he c o r e o b j e c t i v e s o f t he f i r s t p ha s e o f t he m i s s io n w e r e t o r e d u c e
o p e n d e f e c a t io n a n d i m p r o v e m a n a g e m e nt o f m u n i c i p a l s o l i d w a s t e i n
bo t h u r ba n a nd r u r a l a r e a s . [ c i t a t i o n needed]
E l i m i n a t io n o f o p e n d e f e c a t io n
w a s t o be a c h i e v e d t hr o u g h c o n s t r u c t i o n o f i n d i v i d u a l ho u s e ho l d l e v e l
t o i l e t s ( o ft e n t w i n p i t p o u r f l u s h p it l a t r i ne s ) , t o i l e t s a n d p u b l i c
to ilet s.[38] Fo r impro ving so lid waste m a na g e m e nt , c it i e s were
e nc o u r a g e d t o p r e p a r e d e t a i l e d p r o j e c t r e p o r t s t ha t a r e b a nk a b l e a n d
h a ve a f i n a n c i a l m o d e l . [ 3 8 ]

T he s e c o nd p h a s e o n t h e o t he r h a nd f o c u s e s o n s u s t a i n i n g g a i n s o f t h e
f i r s t p ha s e a nd i m p r o v i n g m a n a g e m e nt o f t he s o l i d a nd l i q u i d w a s t e s . [ 6 ]

Finan ce

S w a c h h B ha r a t A b h i ya n i s e xp e c t e d t o co s t o ve r ₹ 6 2 0 b i l l i o n ( U S $ 8 . 7
b i l l i o n) . [ 1 1 ] [ 3 9 ] The g o ve r n m e nt pro vid e s an i n c e nt i v e of ₹12,000
( U S $ 1 7 0 ) fo r e a c h t o i l e t c o n s t r u c t e d b y a r u r a l f a m i l y. [ 1 8 ] A n a mo u nt
o f ₹ 9 0 b i l l i o n ( U S $ 1 . 3 b i l l i o n) w a s a l lo c a t e d fo r t he m i s s io n i n t h e
2 0 1 6 U n i o n bu d g e t o f I nd i a . [ 2 4 ] [ 4 0 ] T h e Wo r ld B a nk p r o v i d e d a U S $ 1 . 5
b i l l i o n lo a n a n d $ 2 5 m i l l i o n i n t e c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n c e i n 2 0 1 6 fo r t h e
Swachh Bharat M i s s io n to support I nd i a ' s u n iver sa l s a n it a t io n
i n i t i a t io n. [ 2 3 ] T he p r o g r a m m e ha s a l s o r e c e i v e d fu n d s a nd t e c h n i c a l
s u p p o r t fr o m t he Wo r l d B a n k , c o r p o r a t io ns a s p a r t o f c o r p o r a t e s o c i a l
r e s p o ns i b i l it y i n it i a t i v e s , a n d b y s t a t e g o ve r n m e nt s u n d e r t he S a r v a
Shik sha A b h i ya n and R a s ht r i ya M a d h ya m i k S hik sha A b h i ya n
sc he me s. [22]

PRMITR,Badnera
 8

chapter 2 : LITERATURE SURVEY

2 . 1 O ve r v i e w a n d a l l t h e o r y r e l a t e d t o p r o je c t

IOT :
T he I nt e r ne t o f t h i n g s ( I o T ) d e s c r i b e s t h e n e t w o r k o f p h ys i c a l
o b j e c t s — a . k . a . " t h i n g s " — t ha t a r e e m b e d d e d w it h s e n s o r s , s o ft w a r e , a n d
o t he r t e c h no lo g i e s fo r t h e p u r p o s e o f c o n ne c t i n g a nd e x c h a ng i n g d a t a
w it h o t he r d e v i c e s a n d s ys t e m s o ve r t h e I nt e r ne t .

T h i n g s h a ve e vo l v e d d u e t o t he c o n ve r g e nc e o f m u lt i p l e t e c h no l o g i e s ,
rea l-t ime a na l yt i c s , ma c hine le a rning, u biqu it o us c o mp u t i ng ,
c o m mo d it y s e n s o r s , a n d e m b e d d e d s ys t e m s . [ 1 ] T r a d it i o na l f i e l d s o f
e m b e d d e d s ys t e m s , w i r e l e s s s e n s o r n e t w o r k s , c o nt r o l s ys t e m s ,
a u t o m a t io n ( i n c l u d i n g ho m e a n d bu i l d i n g a u t o m a t io n) , a nd o t he r s a l l
c o nt r i b u t e t o e na b l i n g t h e I nt e r ne t o f t h i n g s . I n t h e c o ns u m e r m a r k e t ,
I o T t e c h no lo g y i s mo s t s yn o n y mo u s w it h p r o d u c t s p e r t a i n i n g t o t h e
c o nc e p t o f t he " s m a r t ho m e " , i n c l u d i n g d e v i c e s a n d a p p l i a n c e s ( s u c h a s
l i g ht i n g f i x t u r e s , t he r mo s t a t s , ho m e s e c u r it y s ys t e m s a n d c a m e r a s , a n d
o t he r ho m e a p p l i a n c e s ) t h a t s u p p o r t o n e o r mo r e c o m mo n e c o s ys t e m s ,
a nd c a n b e c o nt r o l l e d v i a d e v i c e s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h a t e c o s ys t e m, s u c h
a s s m a r t p ho ne s a nd s m a r t s p e a k e r s . T he I o T c a n a l s o b e u s e d i n
h e a lt h c a r e s ys t e m s . [ 5 ]

T he r e a r e a n u m b e r o f s e r i o u s c o n c e r n s a bo u t d a n g e r s i n t he g r o w t h o f
t he I o T , e s p e c i a l l y i n t h e a r e a s o f p r i v a c y a nd s e c u r it y, a n d
c o n s e q u e nt l y i n d u s t r y a nd g o ve r n m e nt a l mo v e s t o a d d r e s s t he s e
c o nc e r n s h a v e b e g u n i n c l u d i n g t h e d e ve lo p m e nt o f i nt e r na t io n a l
s t a nd a r d s .

PRMITR,Badnera
 9

T he m a i n c o nc e p t o f a n e t w o r k o f s m a r t d e v i c e s w a s d i s c u s s e d a s e a r l y
a s 1 9 8 2 , w it h a mo d i f i e d C o c a - C o l a ve n d i n g m a c h i n e a t C a r n e g i e
Me llo n U n i v e r s it y be co ming the fir st AR P A N E T - c o n n e c t e d
[6]
app lia nc e, a b l e t o r e p o r t it s i n v e n t o r y a nd w he t he r n e w l y lo a d e d
d r i n k s w e r e c o l d o r no t . [ 7 ] M a r k W e i s e r ' s 1 9 9 1 p a p e r o n u b i q u it o u s
c o mp u t i n g , " T h e C o m p u t e r o f t he 2 1 s t C e nt u r y" , a s w e l l a s a c a d e m i c
v e nu e s s u c h a s U b i C o m p a nd P e r C o m p r o d u c e d t h e c o nt e m p o r a r y v i s io n
o f t he I O T . [ 8 ] [ 9 ] I n 1 9 9 4 , R e z a R a j i d e s c r i b e d t he c o nc e p t i n I E E E
S p e c t r u m a s " [ mo v i n g ] s m a l l p a c k e t s o f d a t a t o a la r g e s e t o f no d e s , s o
a s t o i nt e g r a t e a nd a u t o m a t e e ve r yt h i n g fr o m ho m e a p p l i a n c e s t o e nt ir e
fa ct o ries". [10] Bet we e n 19 93 a nd 19 97, se vera l co mpa nie s pro po se d
s o lu t io n s l i k e M i c r o s o ft ' s a t Wo r k o r N o ve l l ' s N E S T . T h e f i e l d g a i n e d
mo m e nt u m w he n B i l l J o y e n v i s io n e d d e v i c e - t o - d e v i c e c o m m u n i c a t io n
a s a p a r t o f h i s " S i x W e b s " f r a m e w o r k , p r e s e nt e d a t t he Wo r l d
E c o no m i c F o r u m a t D a vo s i n 1 9 9 9 . [ 1 1 ]
T he c o n c e p t o f t he " I nt e r ne t o f T h i n g s " a n d t h e t e r m it s e l f , f i r s t
a p p e a r e d i n a s p e e c h b y P e t e r T . L e w i s , t o t he C o ng r e s s i o na l B l a c k
C a u c u s F o u n d a t io n 1 5 t h A n n u a l L e g i s l a t i v e W e e k e n d i n W a s h i n g t o n,
D . C , p u b l i s h e d i n S e p t e m b e r 1 9 8 5 . [ 1 2 ] Ac c o r d i n g t o L e w i s , " T h e
I nt e r ne t o f T h i n g s , o r I o T , is t h e i nt e g r a t io n o f p e o p l e , p r o c e s s e s a n d
t e c h no lo g y w it h c o n n e c t a b l e d e v i c e s a nd s e n s o r s t o e na b l e r e mo t e
mo n it o r i n g , s t a t u s , m a n i p u l a t io n a n d e v a l u a t io n o f t r e n d s o f s u c h
de vic e s."
T he t e r m " I nt e r ne t o f t h i n g s " w a s c o i n e d i n d e p e n d e nt l y b y K e v i n
A s ht o n o f P r o c t e r & G a m b l e , l a t e r M I T ' s Au t o - I D C e nt e r , i n 1 9 9 9 , [ 1 3 ]
t ho u g h he p r e f e r s t he p h r a s e " I nt e r ne t f o r t h i n g s " . [ 1 4 ] At t h a t p o i nt , h e
v i e w e d r a d io - f r e q u e n c y i d e nt i f i c a t io n ( R F I D ) a s e s s e nt i a l t o t he
I nt e r ne t o f t h i n g s , [ 1 5 ] w h i c h w o u l d a l lo w c o mp u t e r s t o m a na g e a l l
i n d i v i d u a l t h i n g s . [ 1 6 ] [ 1 7 ] [ 1 8 ] T h e m a i n t h e m e o f t he I nt e r n e t o f T h i n g s i s
t o e m b e d s ho r t - r a ng e mo b i l e t r a n s c e i v e r s i n va r i o u s g a d g e t s a nd d a i l y
n e c e s s it i e s t o e na b l e n e w fo r m s o f c o m m u n i c a t io n b e t w e e n p e o p l e a n d
t h i n g s , a nd b e t w e e n t h i n g s t he m s e l v e s . [ 1 9 ]

PRMITR,Badnera
 10

D e f i n i n g t he I nt e r ne t o f t h i n g s a s " s i m p l y t he p o i nt i n t i m e w h e n mo r e
't h i n g s o r o b j e c t s ' w e r e c o n n e c t e d t o t he I nt e r ne t t ha n p e o p l e " , C i s c o
S ys t e m s e s t i m a t e d t ha t t he I o T w a s " bo r n " be t w e e n 2 0 0 8 a n d 2 0 0 9 ,
w it h t he t h i n g s / p e o p l e r a t io g r o w i n g fr o m 0 . 0 8 i n 2 0 0 3 t o 1 . 8 4 i n 2 0 1 0 .

Applic ations

T he e xt e n s i v e s e t o f a p p l i c a t io n s fo r I o T d e v i c e s [ 2 1 ] i s o ft e n d i v i d e d
i n t o c o ns u m e r , c o m m e r c i a l , i n d u s t r ia l, a n d i n f r a s t r u c t u r e s p a c e s . [ 2 2 ] [ 2 3 ]

Consu mer app lications

A g r o w i n g p o r t io n o f I o T d e v i c e s a r e c r e a t e d fo r c o ns u m e r u s e ,
i n c l u d i n g c o n n e c t e d v e h i c l e s , ho me a u t o ma t io n , w e a r a b l e t e c h no lo g y ,
connected h e a lt h, a nd app lia nc es w it h re mo t e mo n it o r i n g
c a p a b i l it i e s . [ 2 4 ]

Sma rt home

I o T d e v i c e s a r e a p a r t o f t he l a r g e r c o n c e p t o f ho m e a u t o ma t io n , w h i c h
c a n i n c l u d e l i g ht i n g , h e a t i n g a n d a ir c o nd it io n i n g , m e d i a a n d s e c u r it y
s ys t e m s a nd c a m e r a s ys t e m s . [ 2 5 ] [ 2 6 ] L o ng - t e r m be n e f it s c o u ld i n c l u d e
e ne r g y s a v i n g s b y a u t o m a t i c a l l y e n s u r i n g l i g ht s a n d e l e c t r o n i c s a r e
t u r ne d o f f o r b y m a k i n g t h e r e s i d e nt s i n t h e ho m e a w a r e o f u s a g e . [ 2 7 ]

A s m a r t ho me o r a u t o ma t e d ho m e c o u l d b e ba s e d o n a p l a t fo r m o r h u b s
t ha t c o nt r o l s m a r t d e v i c e s a n d a p p l i a n c e s . [ 2 8 ] F o r i n s t a nc e , u s i n g
A p p l e ' s H o m e K i t , ma n u f a c t u r e r s c a n ha v e t he i r ho me p r o d u c t s a n d
a c c e s s o r i e s c o nt r o l l e d b y a n a p p l i c a t io n i n i O S d e v i c e s s u c h a s t h e
i P ho ne a n d t he Ap p l e W a t c h . [ 2 9 ] [ 3 0 ] T h i s c o u l d b e a d e d i c a t e d a p p o r
i O S n a t i ve a p p l i c a t io ns s u c h a s S ir i . [ 3 1 ] T h i s c a n b e d e mo n s t r a t e d i n
t he c a s e o f L e no vo 's S m a r t H o me E s s e nt ia l s , w h i c h i s a l i n e o f s m a r t
ho m e d e v i c e s t ha t a r e c o nt r o l l e d t hr o u g h Ap p l e ' s H o m e a p p o r S ir i
w it ho u t t he n e e d f o r a W i - F i br i d g e . [ 3 1 ] T h e r e a r e a l s o d e d i c a t e d s m a r t
ho m e h u bs t ha t a r e o f f e r e d a s s t a nd a lo n e p l a t fo r m s t o c o n ne c t d i f f e r e nt
s m a r t ho m e p r o d u c t s a nd t he s e i n c l u d e t he A m a z o n E c ho , G o o g l e
H o me , Ap p l e ' s H o m e P o d , a nd S a m s u ng ' s S m a r t T h i n g s H u b . [ 3 2 ] I n
a d d it i o n t o t he c o m m e r c i a l s ys t e m s , t he r e a r e m a n y no n - p r o p r i e t a r y,
o p e n s o u r c e e c o s ys t e m s ; i n c l u d i n g H o me A s s i s t a nt , O p e nH A B a n d
D o mo t i c z . [ 3 3 ] [ 3 4 ]

PRMITR,Badnera
 11

E lde r ca re

O ne k e y a p p l i c a t io n o f a s m a r t ho m e i s t o p r o v id e a s s i s t a n c e f o r t ho s e
w it h d i s a b i l i t i e s a n d e l d e r l y i n d i v i d u a l s . T he s e ho me s ys t e m s u s e
assist ive t e c h no lo g y to a c c o m mo d a t e an o w n e r 's specific
d i s a b i l it i e s . [ 3 5 ] V o i c e c o nt r o l c a n a s s i s t u s e r s w it h s i g ht a n d mo b i l i t y
l i m i t a t io n s w h i l e a l e r t s ys t e m s c a n b e c o n ne c t e d d i r e c t l y t o c o c h l e a r
i m p l a nt s w o r n b y h e a r i n g - i m p a i r e d u s e r s . [ 3 6 ] T h e y c a n a l s o be e q u i p p e d
w it h a d d it i o na l s a f e t y f e a t u r e s . T h e s e f e a t u r e s c a n i n c l u d e s e n s o r s t ha t
mo n it o r fo r me d i c a l e m e r g e n c i e s s u c h a s f a l l s o r s e i z u r e s . [ 3 7 ] S m a r t
ho m e t e c h no lo g y a p p l i e d i n t h i s w a y c a n p r o v i d e u s e r s w i t h mo r e
f r e e d o m a n d a h i g h e r q u a l it y o f l i f e . [ 3 5 ]

T he t e r m " E nt e r p r i s e I o T " r e f e r s t o d e v i c e s u s e d i n bu s i n e s s a n d
c o r p o r a t e s e t t i ng s . B y 2 0 1 9 , it is e s t i m a t e d t h a t t he E I o T w i l l a c c o u nt
fo r 9 . 1 b i l l i o n d e v i c e s . [ 2 2 ]

PRMITR,Badnera
 12

chaper 3: METHODOLOGY

3 . 1 S ys t e m B lo c k D i a g r a m :

3 . 2 D e s c r i p t io n :

1 . U lt r a s o n i c 1 u s e d t o c he c k i f s o m e o n e i s s t a nd i n g ne a r d u s t b i n .
2 . S e r vo is u s e d t o o p e n a n d c lo s e .
3 . U lt r a s o n i c 2 i s u s e d t o mo n i t o r g a r b a g e l e v e l p r e s e nt i n s u lt t h e
dust bin.
4 . N o d e M C U i s w o r k i n g a s m i c r o c o nt r o l l e r .
5 . B l yn k a p p l i c a t io n i s w o r k i n g a s no t i f i c a t io n d e v i c e .

PRMITR,Badnera
 13

3.3Flo w C hart :

chapter 4: IMPLEMENTATION

4 . 1 Wo r k i n g o f p r o j e c t :

1 . w he n u lt r a s o n i c p r e s e nt o u t s id e o f t h e d u s t b i n d e t e c t s a p e r s o n
s t a nd i n g c lo s e it w i l l o p e n a u t o ma t i c a l l y w it h t h e he l p o f a s e r vo mo t o r
c o n n e c t e d t o t he d u s t b i n ' s d o o r .

2 . a n d no t i f y v i a b l y n k a p p l i c a t io n t h a t s o me p e r s o n i s u s i n g a d u s t b i n.

PRMITR,Badnera
 14

3 . w he n u l t r a s o n i c s e n s o r i n s i d e d u s t b i n d e t e c t t he le v e l o f d u s t b i n
a l mo s t fu l l i t w i l l s e nd no t i f i c a t io n o n b l yn k a p p l i c a t io n t ha t d u s t b i n i s
f u l l i s it t i m e t o t hr o w o u t a l l t h e t r a s h

4.2 Act ua l p ict ure s:

PRMITR,Badnera
 15

4.3 C ircu it D iagr a m:

chapter 5: CO MPONTENT DE SCRIPTIO N

1) Node MCU

PRMITR,Badnera
 16

N o d e M C U i s a n o p e n - s o u r c e L u a b a s e d f i r m w a r e a n d d e v e lo p m e nt

bo a r d sp ec ia lly targeted fo r IoT based Ap p l i c a t io ns . It inc lu de s

f i r m w a r e t h a t r u n s o n t h e E S P 8 2 6 6 W i - F i S o C fr o m E s p r e s s i f S ys t e m s ,

a nd ha r d w a r e w h i c h i s b a s e d o n t he E S P - 1 2 mo d u l e .

N o d e M C U D e v e l o p m e nt B o a r d P i no u t C o n f i g u r a t io n

P in Na me D e s c r i p t io n

Categor y

Power Micro -USB, Micro -USB: NodeMCU can be powered

3.3V, GND, t hr o u g h t h e U S B p o r t

V in

3 . 3 V : R e g u l a t e d 3 . 3 V c a n be s u p p l i e d t o

t h i s p i n t o p o w e r t he bo a r d

G N D : G r o u nd p i n s

V i n : E xt e r n a l P o w e r S u p p l y

PRMITR,Badnera
 17

C o nt r o l EN, RST T he p in a nd t he bu t t o n resets the

P ins m i c r o c o nt r o l l e r

A n a lo g P i n A0 U s e d t o m e a s u r e a na l o g vo lt a g e i n t h e r a ng e

of 0-3.3V

GPIO P ins GPIO1 t o N o d e M C U ha s 1 6 g e n e r a l p u r p o s e i n p u t -

GPIO16 o u t p ut p i n s o n it s bo a r d

SPI P ins SD1, CMD, N o d e M C U ha s fo u r p i n s a v a i l a b l e fo r S P I

SD0, CLK c o m m u n i c a t io n.

U AR T P i n s TXD0, NodeMCU has two U AR T i nt e r f a c e s ,

RXD0, U AR T 0 (RXD0 & TXD0) a nd UART1

TXD2, RXD2 ( R X D 1 & T X D 1 ) . U AR T 1 i s u s e d t o up lo a d

t he f i r m w a r e / p r o g r a m .

I2C P ins N o d e M C U ha s I 2 C f u n c t io na l i t y s u p p o r t bu t

d u e t o t he i nt e r n a l f u n c t io na l i t y o f t he s e

p i n s , yo u ha v e t o f i n d w h i c h p i n i s I 2 C .

N o d e M C U E S P 8 2 6 6 S p e c i f i c a t io n s & F e a t u r e s

● M i c r o c o nt r o l l e r : T e n s i l i c a 3 2 - b it R I S C C P U X t e ns a L X 1 0 6
● O p e r a t i n g V o lt a g e : 3 . 3 V
● I np u t V o lt a g e : 7 - 1 2 V
● D i g it a l I / O P i n s ( D I O ) : 1 6
● A n a lo g I np u t P i n s ( AD C ) : 1
● U AR T s : 1

PRMITR,Badnera
 18

● SPIs: 1
● I2Cs: 1
● F l a s h M e mo r y: 4 M B
● SRAM: 64 KB
● C lo c k S p e e d : 8 0 M H z
● U S B - T T L ba s e d o n C P 2 1 0 2 i s i n c l u d e d o nbo a r d , E na b l i n g P l u g n
P la y
● P C B A nt e n n a
● S m a l l S i z e d mo d u l e t o f it s m a r t l y i n s i d e yo u r I o T p r o je c t s

O t he r E s p r e s s i f B o a r d s

ESP8266, ESP12E, ESP32

O t he r D e ve l o p m e nt B o a r d s

Ar d u i no , R a s p b e r r y P i, P I C D e v e l o p m e nt B o a r d , A V R D e v e lo p m e nt

B o a r d , M S P 4 3 0 L a u nc h p a d , I nt e l E d i s o n, B e a g l e B o n e

B r i e f A bo u t N o d e M C U E S P 8 2 6 6

T he N o d e M C U E S P 8 2 6 6 d e ve l o p m e nt bo a r d c o me s w it h t h e E S P - 1 2 E

mo d u l e c o nt a i n i n g E S P 8 2 6 6 c h i p ha v i ng T e n s i l i c a X t e n s a 3 2 - b it L X 1 0 6

RISC mic ro pro cesso r. This micro pro ce sso r suppo rt s RTOS a nd o perat e s

a t 8 0 M H z t o 1 6 0 M H z a d j u s t a b l e c lo c k fr e q u e nc y. N o d e M C U ha s 1 2 8

K B R A M a n d 4 M B o f F l a s h m e mo r y t o s t o r e d a t a a n d p r o g r a m s . I t s
h i g h p r o c e s s i n g p o w e r w it h i n - bu i lt W i- F i / B l u e t o o t h a n d D e e p S l e e p

O p e r a t i n g f e a t u r e s m a k e it i d e a l fo r I o T p r o je c t s .

N o d e M C U c a n b e p o w e r e d u s i n g M i c r o U S B j a c k a nd V I N p i n ( E xt e r na l

S u p p l y P i n ) . I t s u p p o r t s U A R T , S P I , a nd I 2 C i nt e r f a c e .

PRMITR,Badnera
 19

P r o g r a m m i n g N o d e M C U E S P 8 2 6 6 w it h Ar d u i no I D E

T he N o d e M C U D e v e lo p m e nt B o a r d c a n be e a s i l y p r o g r a m m e d w it h

Ar d u i no I D E s i n c e it i s e a s y t o u s e .

P r o g r a m m i n g N o d e M C U w i t h t h e Ar d u i no I D E w i l l h a r d l y t a k e 5 - 1 0

m i n u t e s . A l l yo u n e e d i s t h e Ar d u i no I D E , a U S B c a b l e a n d t h e

N o d e M C U bo a r d it s e l f . Y o u c a n c he c k t h i s G e t t i n g S t a r t e d T u t o r ia l fo r

N o d e M C U t o p r e p a r e yo u r Ar d u i no I D E fo r N o d e M C U .

U p lo a d i n g yo u r f i r s t p r o g r a m

O nc e Ar d u i n o I D E i s i n s t a l l e d o n t he c o mp u t e r , c o n n e c t t he bo a r d w it h

t he c o m p u t e r u s i n g t he U S B c a b l e . N o w o p e n t h e Ar d u i n o I D E a n d

c ho o s e t he c o r r e c t bo a r d b y s e l e c t i n g T o o l s > B o a r d s > N o d e M C U 1 . 0

(ESP-12E Mo du le), a nd c ho o s e the correct Po rt by se le ct ing

T o o l s > P o r t . T o g e t it s t a r t e d w it h t h e N o d e M C U bo a r d a n d b l i n k t h e

bu i lt - i n LED, lo a d t he e xa mp le code by se le ct ing

F i l e s > E xa m p l e s > B a s i c s > B l i n k . O n c e t h e e x a m p l e c o d e i s lo a d e d i nt o

yo u r I D E , c l i c k o n t he ‘ u p l o a d ’ bu t t o n g i v e n o n t he t o p ba r . O nc e t h e

PRMITR,Badnera
 20

u p lo a d i s f i n i s h e d , yo u s ho u l d s e e t he bu i lt - i n L E D o f t h e bo a r d

blink ing.

A p p l i c a t io ns o f N o d e M C U

● P r o t o t yp i n g o f I o T d e v i c e s
● L o w p o w e r b a t t e r y o p e r a t e d a p p l i c a t io n s
● N e t w o r k p r o je c t s
● P r o j e c t s r e q u i r i n g m u lt i p l e I / O i n t e r f a c e s w it h Wi -Fi and
B l u e t o o t h fu n c t io na l i t i e s

2) Ult ra sonic sen so r

v U lt r a s o n i c S e n s o r P i n C o n f i g u r a t io n

PRMITR,Badnera
 21

P in P in Na me D e s c r i p t io n

Nu mber

1 Vcc T he V c c p i n p o w e r s t h e s e n s o r , t yp i c a l l y w it h

+5V

2 T r ig g e r T r ig g e r p i n i s a n I np u t p i n. T h i s p i n h a s t o be

k e p t h i g h fo r 1 0 u s t o i n it i a l i z e m e a s u r e m e nt b y

se nd ing US wa ve.

3 E c ho E c ho p i n i s a n O u t p u t p i n. T h i s p i n g o e s h i g h

fo r a p e r io d o f t i m e w h i c h w i l l b e e q u a l t o t he

t i m e t a k e n fo r t he U S w a v e t o r e t u r n b a c k t o t he

sensor.

4 G r o u nd T h i s p i n i s c o n ne c t e d t o t he G r o u nd o f t h e

s ys t e m

HC-SR04 Sensor Features

● O p e r a t i n g vo lt a g e : + 5 V
● T he o r e t i c a l M e a s u r i n g D i s t a n c e : 2 c m t o 4 5 0 c m
● Pract ica l Mea sur ing D ist a nc e: 2c m t o 80c m
● A c c u r a c y: 3 m m
● M e a s u r i n g a n g l e c o ve r e d : < 1 5 °
● O p e r a t i n g C u r r e nt : < 1 5 m A
● O p e r a t i n g F r e q u e n c y: 4 0 H z
You c a n B u y H C - S R 0 4 u l t r a s o n i c s e ns o r fr o m he r e .

E q u i v a l e nt d i s t a n c e m e a s u r i n g S e n s o r s

PRMITR,Badnera
 22

U S t r a ns m i t t e r R e c e i v e r p a i r , I R s e n s o r mo d u l e , I R s e n s o r p a ir , I R

A n a lo g d i s t a n c e s e n s o r ,

H C - S R 0 4 U lt r a s o n i c S e n s o r - Wo r k i n g

A s s ho w n a bo ve t h e H C - S R 0 4 U lt r a s o n i c ( U S ) s e n s o r is a 4 p i n m o d u l e ,

w ho s e p i n n a m e s a r e V c c , T r i g g e r , E c ho a n d G r o u nd r e s p e c t i v e l y. T h i s

s e n s o r i s a v e r y p o p u l a r s e n s o r u s e d i n m a n y a p p l i c a t io n s w he r e

m e a s u r i n g d i s t a n c e o r s e n s i n g o b j e c t s a r e r e q u i r e d . T h e mo d u l e h a s t w o

e ye s l i k e p r o j e c t s i n t h e f r o nt w h i c h fo r m s t h e U l t r a s o n i c t r a ns m i t t e r

a nd R e c e i v e r . T h e s e n s o r w o r k s w it h t he s i m p l e h i g h s c ho o l fo r m u l a

t ha t
D i s t a nc e = S p e e d × T i m e

T he U l t r a s o n i c t r a n s m it t e r t r a ns m it s a n u lt r a s o n i c w a ve , t h i s w a v e

t r a ve l s i n a i r a n d w h e n it g e t s o b j e c t e d b y a n y m a t e r i a l it g e t s r e f l e c t e d

back toward t he sensor t his re fle c t ed wave is obser ved by t he

U lt r a s o n i c r e c e i v e r m o d u l e a s s ho w n i n t h e p i c t u r e b e lo w

PRMITR,Badnera
 23

N o w , t o c a l c u l a t e t h e d i s t a nc e u s i n g t he a bo v e fo r m u l a e , w e s ho u l d

k no w t he S p e e d a nd t i m e . S i n c e w e a r e u s i n g t he U lt r a s o n i c w a v e w e

k no w t h e u n i v e r s a l s p e e d o f U S w a v e a t r o o m c o nd it io n s w h i c h i s

3 3 0 m / s . T he c i r c u it r y i n b u i lt o n t he mo d u l e w i l l c a l c u l a t e t he t i m e

t a k e n fo r t he U S w a ve t o c o me b a c k a nd t u r n s o n t he e c ho p i n h i g h fo r

t h a t s a m e p a r t ic u l a r a m o u nt o f t i m e , t h i s w a y w e c a n a l s o k no w t h e

t i m e t a k e n. N o w s i m p l y c a l c u l a t e t he d i s t a nc e u s i n g a m i c r o c o nt r o l l e r

o r micro pro ce sso r.

H o w t o u s e t he H C - S R 0 4 U lt r a s o n i c S e n s o r

H C - S R 0 4 d i s t a n c e s e n s o r i s c o m mo n l y u s e d w it h bo t h m i c r o c o n t r o l l e r
a nd m i c r o p r o c e s s o r p l a t fo r m s l i k e Ar d u i no , A R M , P I C , R a s p be r r y P i e

e t c . T he fo l lo w i n g g u i d e i s u n i v e r s a l l y s i n c e it h a s t o be fo l lo w e d

i r r e s p e c t i v e o f t h e t yp e o f c o mp u t a t io n a l d e v i c e u s e d .

P o w e r t he S e n s o r u s i n g a r e g u l a t e d + 5 V t hr o u g h t h e V c c a d G r o u n d

p i n s o f t he s e n s o r . T he c u r r e nt c o ns u m e d b y t h e s e n s o r i s l e s s t h a n

1 5 m A a n d h e nc e c a n be d i r e c t l y p o w e r e d b y t h e o n bo a r d 5 V p i n s ( I f

a va i l a b l e ) . T he T r ig g e r a nd t he E c ho p i n s a r e bo t h I / O p i n s a nd h e n c e

t he y c a n be c o n ne c t e d t o I / O p i n s o f t he m i c r o c o nt r o l l e r . T o s t a r t t he

m e a s u r e m e nt , t h e t r ig g e r p i n ha s t o b e m a d e h i g h fo r 1 0 u S a n d t h e n

t u r ne d o f f. T h i s a c t io n w i l l t r i g g e r a n u lt r a s o n i c w a v e a t fr e q u e n c y o f

4 0 H z f r o m t h e t r a n s m it t e r a nd t he r e c e i v e r w i l l w a it fo r t h e w a ve t o

r e t u r n. O nc e t he w a v e i s r e t u r ne d a ft e r it g e t t i n g r e f l e c t e d b y a n y

o b j e c t t he E c ho p i n g o e s h i g h fo r a p a r t ic u l a r a mo u nt o f t i m e w h i c h

w i l l be e q u a l t o t he t i m e t a k e n fo r t he w a ve t o r e t u r n ba c k t o t h e

sensor.

T he a mo u nt o f t i m e d u r i n g w h i c h t he E c ho p i n s t a ys h i g h i s m e a s u r e d

b y t he M C U / M P U a s it g i v e s t he i n fo r ma t io n a bo u t t he t i m e t a k e n f o r

PRMITR,Badnera
 24

t he w a ve t o r e t u r n b a c k t o t he S e n s o r . U s i n g t h i s i n fo r m a t io n t h e

d i s t a nc e i s m e a s u r e d a s e xp l a i n e d i n t h e a bo v e he a d i n g .

A p p l i c a t io ns

● U s e d t o a vo id a n d d e t e c t o bs t a c l e s w i t h r o bo t s l i k e b i p e d r o bo t ,

o bs t a c l e a vo i d e r r o bo t , p a t h f i n d i n g r o bo t e t c .

● U s e d t o m e a s u r e t h e d i s t a nc e w it h i n a w id e r a n g e o f 2 c m t o

400cm

● C a n b e u s e d t o m a p t he o b j e c t s s u r r o u nd i n g t he s e n s o r b y r o t a t i n g

it

● D e p t h o f c e r t a i n p l a c e s l i k e w e l l s , p it s e t c c a n b e m e a s u r e d s i n c e

t he w a v e s c a n p e n e t r a t e t hr o u g h w a t e r

2 D mo d e l o f t he c o m p o n e nt

PRMITR,Badnera
 25

3) B lyn k app

T h i s g u i d e w i l l h e l p yo u u n d e r s t a n d h o w t o g et s t a r t e d u s i n g B l y n k a n d

g ive a co mpre he nsive o ver vie w o f a ll t he feat ure s.

H o w B l yn k Wo r k s

B l yn k w a s d e s i g n e d fo r t he I nt e r ne t o f T h i n g s . I t c a n c o nt r o l h a r d w a r e
r e mo t e l y, it c a n d i s p l a y s e n s o r d a t a , i t c a n s t o r e d a t a , v i z u a l i z e i t a n d
d o m a n y o t he r c o o l t h i n g s .

T he r e a r e t hr e e m a jo r c o m p o n e nt s i n t h e p l a t fo r m :
B l yn k Ap p - a l lo w s t o yo u c r e a t e a m a z i n g i nt e r f a c e s fo r yo u r
p r o je c t s u s i n g v a r io u s w i d g e t s w e p r o v i d e .
B l yn k S e r ve r - r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a l l t he c o m m u n i c a t io n s be t w e e n
t he s m a r t p ho n e a n d h a r d w a r e . Y o u c a n u s e o u r B l y n k C lo u d o r
r u n yo u r p r i v a t e B l yn k s e r v e r lo c a l l y . I t ’ s o p e n - s o u r c e , c o u l d
e a s i l y h a nd l e t ho u s a n d s o f d e v i c e s a n d c a n e v e n b e l a u n c h e d o n
a Ra sp berr y P i.
B l yn k L i b r a r i e s - fo r a l l t h e p o p u l a r ha r d w a r e p l a t fo r m s -
e na b l e c o m m u n i c a t io n w it h t he s e r v e r a nd p r o c e s s a l l t he
inco ming a nd o ut co min g co mma nd s.
N o w i m a g i n e : e ve r y t i m e yo u p r e s s a B u t t o n i n t he B l y n k a p p , t h e
m e s s a g e t r a v e l s t o s p a c e t he B l yn k C l o u d , w he r e it m a g i c a l l y f i n d s it s
w a y t o yo u r h a r d w a r e . I t w o r k s t he s a m e i n t h e o p p o s it e d ir e c t io n a n d
e ve r yt h i n g h a p p e n s i n a b l y n k o f a n e y e .

PRMITR,Badnera
 26

Fe at ures
S i m i l a r AP I & U I fo r a l l s u p p o r t e d h a r d w a r e & d e v i c e s
C o n n e c t io n t o t he c lo u d u s i n g :
W iF i
B l u e t o o t h a nd B L E
E t he r ne t
USB (Ser ia l)
GSM
…
Set o f ea sy-t o -use Widg et s
D ir e c t p i n m a n i p u l a t io n w it h no c o d e w r it i n g
E a s y t o i nt e g r a t e a nd a d d ne w f u n c t io n a l it y u s i n g v ir t u a l p i n s
H i s t o r y d a t a mo n it o r i n g v i a S u p e r C h a r t w i d g e t
D e v i c e - t o - D e v i c e c o m m u n i c a t io n u s i n g B r i d g e W i d g e t
S e nd i n g e m a i l s , t w e e t s , p u s h no t i f i c a t i o ns , e t c .
… n e w f e a t u r e s a r e c o n s t a nt l y a d d e d !

PRMITR,Badnera
 27

Y o u c a n f i n d e x a m p l e s k e t c h e s c o ve r i n g ba s i c B l y n k F e a t u r e s . T h e y a r e
i n c l u d e d i n t h e l i b r a r y. A l l t h e s k e t c he s a r e d e s i g n e d t o be e a s i l y
c o m b i n e d w i t h e a c h o t he r .

W h a t d o I ne e d t o B l yn k ?

At t h i s p o i nt yo u m i g ht be t h i n k i n g : “ O k , I w a nt it . W h a t d o I ne e d t o
g e t s t a r t e d ?” – J u s t a c o u p l e o f t h i n g s , r e a l l y:

1. Hardware.

A n A r d u i n o , R a s p b e r r y P i , o r a s i m i l a r d e ve lo p m e nt k it .

B l yn k w o r k s o ve r t h e I nt e r ne t . T h i s m e a n s t ha t t he ha r d w a r e yo u
c ho o s e s ho u l d b e a b l e t o c o n ne c t t o t h e i nt e r ne t . S o m e o f t h e bo a r d s ,
l i k e Ar d u i n o U no w i l l n e e d a n E t he r ne t o r W i - F i S h i e l d t o
c o m m u n i c a t e , o t he r s a r e a l r e a d y I nt e r n e t - e n a b l e d : l i k e t h e E S P 8 2 6 6 ,
R a s p b e r r i P i w it h W i F i d o ng l e , P a r t i c l e P ho t o n o r S p a r k F u n B l y n k
B o a r d . B u t e v e n i f yo u d o n ’ t h a ve a s h i e l d , yo u c a n c o n n e c t it o v e r
U S B t o yo u r l a p t o p o r d e s k t o p ( it ’ s a b i t mo r e c o mp l i c a t e d fo r
n e w b i e s , bu t w e g o t yo u c o ve r e d ) . W h a t ’ s c o o l, i s t ha t t he l i s t o f
h a r d w a r e t h a t w o r k s w it h B l yn k i s h u g e a nd w i l l k e e p o n g r o w i n g .

2 . A S m a r t p ho n e .

T he B l yn k Ap p i s a w e l l d e s i g n e d i nt e r f a c e bu i l d e r . I t wo r k s o n bo t h
i O S a nd A n d r o id , s o no ho l yw a r s he r e , o k ?

PRMITR,Badnera
 28

4 ) S e rv o M G 9 4 5

T he M G 9 9 6 R i s a m e t a l g e a r s e r vo m o t o r w it h a m a x i m u m s t a l l t o r q u e

o f 1 1 k g / c m . L i k e o t he r R C s e r vo s t h e mo t o r r o t a t e s fr o m 0 t o 1 8 0

d e g r e e b a s e d o n t h e d u t y c yc l e o f t h e P W M w a v e s u p p l i e d t o it s s i g n a l

p i n.

W ir e C o n f i g u r a t io n

W ir e N u m b e r W ir e C o lo u r D e s c r i p t io n

1 Brown G r o u nd w i r e c o n ne c t e d t o t he g r o u n d o f

s ys t e m

PRMITR,Badnera
 29

2 Red P o w e r s t he mo t o r t yp i c a l l y + 5 V i s u s e d

3 O r a ng e P W M s i g n a l i s g i v e n i n t hr o u g h t h i s w ir e

t o d r i v e t h e mo t o r

M G 9 9 6 R S e r vo M o t o r F e a t u r e s

● O p e r a t i n g V o lt a g e i s + 5 V t yp i c a l l y
● C u r r e nt : 2 . 5 A ( 6 V )
● St a ll To rque: 9.4 kg/c m ( at 4.8V)
● Ma x imu m St a ll To rque: 1 1 kg/c m ( 6V)
● Operat ing spe ed is 0.17 s/ 60 °
● G e a r T yp e : M e t a l
● R o t a t io n : 0 ° - 1 8 0 °
● W e i g ht o f mo t o r : 5 5 g m
● P a c k a g e i n c l u d e s g e a r ho r ns a nd s c r e w s

A l t e r n a t i v e S e r vo M o t o r s

M G 9 0 S M e t a l G e a r , M G 9 9 5 H i g h T o r q u e M e t a l G e a r , V T S - 0 8 A A n a lo g

S e r vo

S e l e c t i ng yo u r S e r vo M o t o r

T he r e a r e l o t s o f s e r vo mo t o r s a v a i l a b l e i n t he m a r k e t a nd e a c h o ne h a s

it s o w n s p e c i a lt y a nd a p p l i c a t io n s . T h e fo l lo w i n g t w o p a r a g r a p h s w i l l

h e l p yo u i d e nt i f y t he r i g ht t yp e o f s e r v o mo t o r fo r yo u r p r o j e c t / s ys t e m.

M o s t o f t he ho b b y S e r vo mo t o r s o p e r a t e s f r o m 4 . 8 V t o 6 . 5 V , t he h i g h e r

t he vo lt a g e h i g h e r t he t o r q u e w e c a n a c h i e v e , bu t mo s t c o m mo n l y t h e y

are operated at +5V. A l mo s t a l l ho b b y s e r vo mo t o r s c a n r o t at e o n l y

f r o m 0 ° t o 1 8 0 ° d u e t o t he i r g e a r a r r a ng e m e nt s o m a k e s u r e yo u r

p r o je c t c a n l i v e w it h t h e ha l f c i r c l e i f no , yo u c a n p r e f e r fo r a 0 ° t o

3 6 0 ° mo t o r o r mo d i f y t he mo t o r t o ma k e a f u l l c i r c l e . T he g e a r s i n t h e

PRMITR,Badnera
 30

mo t o r s a r e e a s i l y s u b j e c t e d t o w e a r a nd t e a r , s o i f yo u r a p p l i c a t io n

r e q u i r e s s t r o ng e r a nd lo ng r u n n i n g mo t o r s yo u c a n g o w it h m e t a l g e a r s

o r ju s t s t ic k w it h no r m a l p l a s t i c g e a r .

N e xt c o m e s t he mo s t i m p o r t a nt p a r a m e t e r , w h i c h i s t h e t o r q u e a t w h i c h

t he mo t o r o p e r a t e s . Ag a i n t h e r e a r e ma n y c ho i c e s h e r e bu t le t u s

a s s u m e t he o n e w it h 2 . 5 k g / c m t o r q u e w h i c h c o m e s w it h t he M G 9 9 6 R

M o t o r . T h i s 2 . 5 k g / c m t o r q u e m e a n s t h a t t he mo t o r c a n p u l l a w e i g ht o f

2 . 5 k g w he n it i s s u s p e n d e d a t a d is t a n c e o f 1 c m . S o i f yo u s u s p e n d t h e

lo a d a t 0 . 5 c m t h e n t h e mo t o r c a n p u l l a l o a d o f 5 k g s i m i l a r l y i f yo u

s u s p e n d t h e lo a d a t 2 c m t he n c a n p u l l o n l y 1 . 2 5 . B a s e d o n t he l o a d

w h i c h yo u u s e i n t he p r o j e c t yo u c a n s e l e c t t he mo t o r w it h p r o p e r

t o r q u e . T he b e lo w p i c t u r e w i l l i l l u s t r a t e t he s a m e .

H o w t o u s e a S e r vo M o t o r

A ft e r s e l e c t i n g t he r i g ht S e r vo mo t o r fo r t he p r o j e c t , c o me s t h e

q u e s t io n ho w t o u s e it . A s w e k no w t h e r e a r e t hr e e w i r e s c o m i n g o u t o f

t h i s mo t o r . T he d e s c r i p t io n o f t h e s a m e i s g i v e n o n t o p o f t h i s p a g e . T o

m a k e t h i s mo t o r r o t a t e , w e h a ve t o p o w e r t he mo t o r w it h + 5 V u s i n g t h e

R e d a nd B r o w n w i r e a nd s e nd P W M s i g n a l s t o t he O r a ng e c o lo u r w ir e .

H e nc e w e ne e d s o m e t h i n g t ha t c o u l d g e ne r a t e P WM s i g n a l s t o m a k e

t h i s mo t o r w o r k , t h i s s o me t h i n g c o u l d be a n yt h i n g l i k e a 5 5 5 T i m e r o r

o t he r M i c r o c o nt r o l l e r p l a t fo r m s l i k e Ar d u i n o , P I C , AR M o r e ve n a

m i c r o p r o c e s s o r l i k e R a s p be r r y P i . N o w , ho w t o c o nt r o l t h e d i r e c t io n o f

PRMITR,Badnera
 31

t he mo t o r ? T o u nd e r s t a nd t h a t le t u s a lo o k a t t he p i c t u r e g i v e n i n t h e

datasheet.

F r o m t he p i c t u r e w e c a n u nd e r s t a nd t ha t t he P W M s i g n a l p r o d u c e d

s ho u l d ha v e a f r e q u e n c y o f 5 0 H z t ha t i s t h e P W M p e r i o d s ho u l d b e

2 0 m s . O u t o f w h i c h t h e O n - T i m e c a n v a r y fr o m 1 m s t o 2 m s . S o w h e n

t he o n - t i m e i s 1 m s t he mo t o r w i l l be i n 0 ° a nd w h e n 1 . 5 m s t he mo t o r

w i l l b e 9 0 °, s i m i l a r l y w he n it i s 2 m s it w i l l be 1 8 0 °. S o , b y v a r y i n g t h e

o n - t i m e f r o m 1 m s t o 2 m s t h e mo t o r c a n b e c o nt r o l l e d fr o m 0 ° t o 1 8 0 °

A p p l i c a t io ns

● U s e d a s a c t u a t o r s i n m a n y r o bo t s l i k e B i p e d R o bo t , H e x a p o d ,
r o bo t ic a r m e t c . .
● C o m mo n l y u s e d fo r s t e e r i n g s ys t e m i n R C t o ys
● R o bo t s w he r e p o s i t io n c o nt r o l i s r e q u i r e d w it ho u t f e e d ba c k
● L e s s w e i g ht he n c e u s e d i n m u lt i D O F r o bo t s l i k e h u m a no i d r o bo t s

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M G 9 9 6 R S e r vo M o t o r D i m e n s io n s

chapter 6: APPLICATIO N

1 .Smart Bins An Iot Application Smart Garbage Management System.

2. Automatic open-close lid for ease of use .
3. There is no contact touch between dustbin and Person so, prevention from germs and
diseases.
4. Warning message indication when a Smart Trash Bin is nearly full. and s e n d
no t i f i c a t io n o n b l yn k a p p l i c a t io n

PRMITR,Badnera
 33

chapter 7: ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE

Advantage

➨I t s a ve s t i m e a nd m o ne y b y u s i n g s m a r t w a s t e c o l l e c t io n b i n s a n d
s ys t e m s e q u i p p e d w it h f i l l l e v e l s e n s o r s . As s m a r t t r a ns p o r t ve h i c l e s g o
o n l y t o t he f i l l e d c o nt a i n e r s o r b i n s . I t r e d u c e s i n fr a s t r u c t u r e ,
o p e r a t i ng a n d m a i n t e n a nc e c o s t s b y u p t o 3 0 % .
➨I t d e c r e a s e s t r a f f i c f lo w a nd c o n s e c u t i v e l y no i s e d u e t o l e s s a i r
p o l l u t io n a s r e s u l t o f l e s s w a s t e c o l l e c t io n v e h i c l e s o n t h e r o a d s . T h i s
h a s b e c o m e p o s s i b l e d u e t o t w o w a y c o m m u n i c a t io n b e t w e e n s m a r t
d u s t b i n s a nd s e r v i c e o p e r a t o r s .
➨I t k e e p s o u r s u r r o u nd i n g s c l e a n a nd g r e e n a n d fr e e fr o m b a d o d o u r o f
w a s t e s , e m p h a s i z e s o n h e a l t h y e n v i r o n m e nt a nd k e e p c i t i e s mo r e
beaut ifu l.
➨I t fu r t he r r e d u c e s m a n p o w e r r e q u i r e m e nt s t o ha nd l e t he g a r b a g e
c o l l e c t io n p r o c e s s .
➨A p p l y i n g s m a r t w a s t e ma n a g e m e nt p r o c e s s t o t he c it y o p t i m i z e s
m a n a g e m e nt , r e s o u r c e s a nd c o s t s w h i c h m a k e s it a " s m a r t c it y" .
➨I t he l p s a d m i n i s t r a t io n t o g e n e r a t e e xt r a r e ve n u e b y a d v e r t is e m e nt s
o n smart de vic e s.

Disad vantage

➨S ys t e m r e q u i r e s mo r e nu m b e r o f w a s t e b i n s f o r s e p a r a t e w a s t e

c o l l e c t io n a s p e r p o p u l a t io n i n t h e c i t y. T h i s r e s u lt s i n t o h i g h i n i t i a l

c o s t d u e t o e xp e n s i v e s m a r t d u s t b i n s c o m p a r e t o o t he r m e t ho d s .

➨S e n s o r no d e s u s e d i n t he d u s t b i n s ha v e l i m it e d m e m o r y s i z e .

➨W i r e l e s s t e c h no lo g i e s u s e d i n t h e s ys t e m s u c h a s z i g b e e a nd w i f i

h a ve s ho r t e r r a n g e a n d lo w e r d a t a s p e e d . I n R F I D b a s e d s ys t e m s , R F I D

t a g s a r e a f f e c t e d b y s u r r o u nd i n g m e t a l o b j e c t s ( i f a n y) .

➨I t r e d u c e s m a n p o w e r r e q u i r e m e nt s w h i c h r e s u lt s i nt o i n c r e a s e i n

u n e m p l o y m e nt s fo r u ns k i l l e d p e o p l e .

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 34

➨T h e t r a i n i n i n g ha s t o be p r o v i d e d t o t he p e o p le i n vo l v e d i n t h e s m a r t

w a s t e m a n a g e m e nt s ys t e m .

c h a p t e r 8 : CO NCLUS ION AND FUTURE SCOPE

Futu re scope

T he m a i n a i m o f t h i s p r o j e c t i s t o r e du c e hu m a n r e s o u r c e s a n d e f fo r t s

a lo ng w i t h t he e n h a n c e m e nt o f a s m a r t c it y v i s i o n. We ha v e o ft e n s e e n

g a r ba g e s p i l l i n g o ve r f r o m d u s t b i n s o n t o s t r e e t s a nd t h i s w a s a n i s s u e

t ha t r e q u i r e d i m m e d i a t e a t t e nt io n. T h e p r o ve r b “ C l e a n l i n e s s i s ne xt t o

g o d a nd c l e a n c it y i s n e xt t o he a ve n ” i n s p i r e d u s t o co nc e p t u a l i z e d t h e

p r o je c t . S ma r t d u s t b i n h e l p s u s t o r ed u c e t h e p o l l u t io n. M a n y t i m e s

g a r ba g e d u s t b i n i s o v e r f lo w a nd m a n y a n i m a l s l i k e d o g o r r a t e nt e r s

i n s i d e o r n e a r t h e d u s t b i n . T h i s c r e a t e s a b a d s c e ne . A l s o s o m e b i r d s

a r e a l s o t r yi n g t o t a k e o ut g a r ba g e fr o m d u s t b i n. T h i s p r o je c t c a n a vo i d

s u c h s it u a t io n s . A nd t he m e s s a g e c a n b e s e nt d i r e c t l y t o t he c l e a n i n g

v e h i c l e i n s t e a d o f t h e c o nt r a c t o r ’ s o f f i c e . S w a t c h B h a r a t A b h i ya n

( E ng l i s h : C l e a n I nd i a M i s s i o n a nd a b br e v i a t e d a s S B A o r S B M fo r

" S w a t c h B h a r a t M i s s io n " ) i s a na t io na l c a m p a i g n b y t he G o ve r n m e nt o f

I nd i a , c o v e r i n g 4 , 0 4 1 s t a t u t o r y c it i e s a n d t o w ns , t o c le a n t he s t r e e t s ,

r o a d s a nd i n fr a s t r u c t u r e o f t h e c o u nt r y. I n o u r s ys t e m , t he S m a r t

d u s t b i n s a r e c o n n e c t e d t o t he i nt e r n e t t o g e t t he r e a l t i m e i n f o r m a t io n

o f t he s m a r t d u s t b i n s . I n t h e r e c e nt y e a r s , t he r e w a s a r a p i d g r o w t h i n

p o p u l a t io n w h i c h l e a d s t o mo r e w a s t e d i s p o s a l. S o a p r o p e r w a s t e

m a n a g e m e nt s ys t e m i s n e c e s s a r y t o a vo id s p r e a d i n g s o me d e a d l y

d isea se s.

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 35

Conc lu sion :

W e ha v e i m p l e m e nt e d r e a l t i m e w a s t e m a n a g e m e nt s ys t e m b y u s i n g

s m a r t d u s t b i n c o nt a i n e r t o c he c k t h e f i l l l e v e l o f s m a r t c o nt a i n e r

w he t h e r t he d u s t b i n a r e f u l l o r no t . I n t h i s s ys t e m t h e i n fo r m a t io n o f

a l l s m a r t d u s t b i n s c a n b e a c c e s s e d fr o m a n yw h e r e a n d a n yt i m e b y t h e

c o nc e r n perso n a nd h e / s he can take a d e c i s io n a c c o r d i n g l y. By

i m p l e m e nt i n g t h is proposed s ys t e m t he cost r e d u c t io n, resource

o p t i m i z a t io n, e f f e c t i v e u s a g e o f s m a r t d u s t b i n s c a n b e d o n e .

REFERENCES

[ 1 ] T w i n k l e s i n h a , K. M u g e s h k u m a r , P . S a i s h a n a n, ( 2 0 1 5 ) . “S m a r t

D u s t b i n “. I nt e r n a t io n a l j o u r na l o f I n d u s t r i a l e l e c t r o n i c s & e l e c t r i c a l

e ng i n e e r i n g , I S S N : 2 3 4 7 - 6 9 8 2 , V o l u m e e - 3 , i s s u e - 5 .

[ 2 ] G lo s s a r y o f E n v ir o n m e nt s t a t ic s : s e r i e s F , N o . 6 7 / D e p a r t m e nt fo r

E c o no m i c a n d S o c ia l I n fo r m a t io n a n d p o l i c y A n a l ys i s , U n i t e d N a t io n s .

New York : UN, 1997.

[ 3 ] R . N a r a ya n mo o r t h i, S h u b h a m T ha k k e r : s mart a nd w ire le ss waste

m a n a g e m e nt s ys t e m . S ys t e m t ha t g i v e s p r io r i n fo r m a t io n o f t he f i l l i n g

o f b i n t ha t a l e r t s t he m u n i c i p a l it y a nd p r o p o s e a “S m a r t G a r b a g e B i n ” ,

w h i c h w i l l i n fo r m t he a u t ho r i z e d p e r s o n w he n t he g a r ba g e b i n i s a bo u t

t o f i l l . N I T s p e c t r o s c o p y i s u s e d fo r s e p a r a t io n o f b io d e g r a d a b l e w a s t e .

[ 4 ] “G S M G l o ba l s ys t e m fo r m o b i l e c o m m u n i c a t io n ” . 4 G A m e r i c a s .

R e t r i e ve d 2 0 1 4 - 0 3 - 2 2 .

PRMITR,Badnera
 36

APPENDIX: PRO GRAM

#include <Servo.h>
#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial
#include <SPI.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>

Servo servo1;

char auth[] = "7OpLb0z1_nAvNBEXMIUZDu2Na_vTvfEb";

const char* ssid = "oppo f9 pro";

const char* password = "5432154321";

int trigPin = D3;

int echoPin = D2;
int trigPin1 = D1;
int echoPin1 = D0;

void setup()
{

Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.print("Connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);

WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {

delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, password);

servo1.attach(D6);
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
pinMode(trigPin1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin1, INPUT);
}

void loop() {
Blynk.run();
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(5);

PRMITR,Badnera
 37

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
long duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
long distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;
Serial.print("Distance: ");
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.println(" cm");
Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, distance);
if (distance <= 10) {
servo1.write(90);
delay(2000);
Blynk.notify("Person Detected");
}
else {
servo1.write(0);
delay(1000);
}
digitalWrite(trigPin1, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(1);
digitalWrite(trigPin1, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(5);
digitalWrite(trigPin1, LOW);
long duration1 = pulseIn(echoPin1, HIGH);
long distance1 = duration1 * 0.034 / 2;
Serial.print("garbage level: ");
Serial.print(distance1);
Serial.println(" level");
Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, distance1);
if (distance1 < 10) {
Blynk.notify("DUSTBIN FULL");
}
}

PRMITR,Badnera