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Lesson 11 Algebraic Substitution

Here are the key steps to solve these types of problems: 1. Identify any "troublesome" terms in the integral that could be substituted out. 2. Let y = the troublesome term and derive an expression for dx in terms of dy. 3. Substitute the expressions for y and dx/dy into the original integral. 4. Simplify and integrate the resulting expression. 5. Substitute back the original variable if needed. Practice these substitution problems to build skill in identifying substitutable terms and performing the integration. Let me know if any specific examples need more explanation.

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Jose Barrera Galera
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94 views3 pages

Lesson 11 Algebraic Substitution

Here are the key steps to solve these types of problems: 1. Identify any "troublesome" terms in the integral that could be substituted out. 2. Let y = the troublesome term and derive an expression for dx in terms of dy. 3. Substitute the expressions for y and dx/dy into the original integral. 4. Simplify and integrate the resulting expression. 5. Substitute back the original variable if needed. Practice these substitution problems to build skill in identifying substitutable terms and performing the integration. Let me know if any specific examples need more explanation.

Uploaded by

Jose Barrera Galera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 11

Integration by Algebraic Substitution

Objectives: After the lesson, you should be able to:

1. Perform integration by algebraic substitution

Discussion

Sometimes some terms in the integrals is troublesome that we had to remove them. As an
example, in the following given:

√𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫
1+𝑥
It can be seen that there is a trouble some √x in the denominator. Instead of finding an immediate
integration set-up we can substitute this troublesome term with another variable and proceed from
there. Let us try this approach.

Let

y= √x

We square this

y2 = x

and by differentiation of both side,

2y dy = dx

And by substituting on the original equation, we have

√𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫
1+𝑥
𝑦 (2𝑦 𝑑𝑦)
∫
1 + 𝑦2
And combining and revising further,

𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
2∫
1 + 𝑦2
And by dividing it we have
𝑑𝑦
∫ 1 𝑑𝑦 − ∫
1 + 𝑦2
This is now integrable to

y – arctan y + c

but still y = √x and substituting,

√x – arctan √x + c

5𝑥𝑑𝑥
Example 2: ∫
√5𝑥+1

Answer:

In this case we have to let

𝑦 = √5𝑥 + 1
y2 = 5x + 1

𝑦2 − 1
𝑥=
5
and differenting each side

2y dy = 5 dx

dx = 2ydy/5

Substituting on the original equation,


5𝑥𝑑𝑥
∫
√5𝑥 + 1

𝑦2 − 1
5 ( ) 2𝑦𝑑𝑦/5
5
∫
𝑦
Cancelling 5 and y we will have
2
∫(𝑦 2 − 1) 𝑑𝑦
5
Separating each term and integrating we have,

2𝑦 3 2𝑦
− +c
15 5
For your exercise try this
Exercise 11: Integration by Algebraic Substitution

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
x2
7.  ( x + 2)3 dx
8. ∫(5x + 4)5 dx

1+ √𝑥
9. ∫
√𝑥

10. ∫ ( √ x − 1)2/ √ x dx

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